Wessex classmarks

A-GV - General Works

General Works AE - Encyclopaedias

AY - General yearbooks and directories

B - Philosophy

BJ - Ethics. General works. See WA255 for medical ethics; WY24 for nursing aspects

BL - Religion. Theology. See WA40 for the work of the hospital chaplain

CB - Humanities. Include music and fine arts

D - General history

G - Geography. Include atlases and maps

GE - Environmental sciences

GE199 - Environmentalism and green politics. Environmental activism

GF - Human ecology. Anthropogeography

GF51 - Environmental influences on humans

GF75 - Human influences on the environment

GN - Anthropology

GT - Manners, customs and culture. Include folklore. See HM200-275 for social groups and processes

GV - Recreation. Leisure General works. See QT250-65 for health aspects; W560-580 for health promotion aspects

H-HB - Social Sciences. Demography, Statistics. Economics

H - Social Sciences - General H - Social Sciences - General

HA - Demography. Statistics 10 - Demography. Population statistics and dynamics. General works

Classify statistics on particular subjects or specialties at 16 of the specialty or with the specific subject, example, HV16 for social welfare statistics. See W150-245 for health and medical statistics. Classify works on general statistical theory at QA27-28

100 - General guides to sources, example, 'Review of UK statistical sources'

110 - International and comparative statistics. Classify all non-UK statistics here

120 - General compendia of UK statistics,example, Annual abstract of statistics

130 - UK Population and vital statistics. Include birth statistics

134 - Mortality statistics. General works. Use for death and death rates

Classify with the subject concerned where possible, for example, WQ562 for perinatal mortality

140 - Census

HB - Economics 4 - General works. See WX138 for health and medical economics

HM - Sociology

Sociology For works relating to social services and social work see HV.

1 - Societies relating to sociology

11 - History of sociology

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies of sociology. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible. Add the suffix Z for bibliography

15 - Classification. Nomenclature. Terminology in sociology

16 - Tables. Statistics in sociology

18 - Education and training in sociology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

20 - Research in the social sciences. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice.

Classify research on a specific aspect with the aspect. Classify scientific research in general at Q20; medical research at WB20. See W115 for epidemiological surveys

21 - Sociology as a profession

22 - Careers in sociology

35 - Professional problems in sociology, for example, Ethics

50 - Theories. Systems. Schools of thought, for example, Interactionist

100 - Sociology. General works. Include historical sociology, differentiate from history of sociology

105 - Popular works in sociology

106 - Sociobiology. The role of genetic inheritance in social behaviour. The argument that social behaviour is inborn, not learned. See WLM170 for psychological aspects, WL700 for physiological aspects

120 - Sociology in relation to other subjects e.g. sociology for nurses; sociology of religion. See W250 for sociology of health

Social groups and processes Sociological aspects only. See W for sociology of health and public health aspect. See also WLM800-895 for works on the psychology of social groups

200 - Social groups. Social roles. Socialisation. Sociology of organisations and groups. Include attitudes to each group specifically with the group

201 - Ethnology. Ethnography

202 - Comparisons between communities. Trans-cultural studies. Include multiculturalism but see HM 268 for racial and ethnic groups. See WLM820 for psychology of communities, groups and organisation

210 - Urban communities. Include transport, shopping, housing. See W144 for health issues in urban communities

215 - Rural communities. Include transport, decline of rural shops, etc. See W146 for health issues in rural communities

220 - Social class and income groups. See W260 for socioeconomic aspects of health and illness

222 - Socially disadvantaged or excluded, for example Gypsies, Roma and Traveller people, refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons. Include all aspects of poverty. See WA94 or WA96 for health issues. Put works on discrimination against these groups with HM268. See HV265 for welfare services

225 - Aspects of employment. Work. See WLM905 for psychological aspects; W 300-390 for occupational health

227 - Sociology of particular professions and occupations. Exclude health. See WA200 for sociology of the medical profession; WY22 for sociology of nursing

230 - Aspects of unemployment. Redundancy. See WLM910 for psychological aspects and W260 for socioeconomic aspects of health

235 - General works on prejudice and discrimination against groups seen as “others”. See also WLM850 for the psychology of prejudice

240 - Gender roles. Men and women. Include sexism and gender discrimination in general, but see WX422 for employment discrimination. See HQ300-320 for gender expression, sexuality and gender identity; WLM895 for psychological aspects

242 - Women. See WLM895 for psychological aspects

245 - Feminism

250 - Men. See WLM895 for psychological aspects. For men’s health see WA99

260 - Specific cultures and communities. General works and comparisons. Include attitudes to each group with the group. Peer groups. See WLM821-825 for psychology of particular social groups; WA90-96 for health aspects

262 - Religious groups. Include discrimination. See WLM892 for psychology of religion; WA92 for health aspects

265 - Age group cultures. Include discrimination except for the elderly which goes at WT321. See also WS for children and young people and WT for aged

267 - Others not specified, for example, political, social. See J12 for political aspects

268 - Racial and ethnic. Include discrimination against refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons and Gypsies, Roma and Traveller people. See WA90, WA94 and WA96 for health aspects

270 - Racial discrimination, racism. Include legislation. See WX422 for employment discrimination; WLM850 for social prejudices

275 - Informal social control. Social mores. See WLM839 for psychological aspects

280 - Civil disorder. Social dissent. Civil disobedience. Use for groups undertaking deliberate acts of unlawful behaviour to seek social change, for example anti-war protesters; animal rights activists

Leisure and recreation Sociological aspects only. For general works see GV. For health aspects see QT250-65; for health promotion aspects see W560-580

300 - Leisure and recreation. General works including games and cultural activities. Include works on leisure facilities. See QT250 for health aspects of recreation; WLM440 for psychology of play; WS255 for play in childhood

330 - Holidays

340 - Sport. Include martial arts. See QT260 for health aspects of sport; WD500 for sports medicine

Crime and Criminology Classify criminal aspects of drug abuse and alcoholism in WM. Classify criminal aspects of sexual behaviour where applicable in HQ, except rape and sexual assault at HM434 and child sexual abuse at WS362

400 - Crime and criminology. General works. Include legislation. For works on the justice system see J9

406 - Statistics on crime, penology and police work

410 - Causes of crime. See WM700 for forensic psychiatry

415 - Anti-social behaviour. See WS340-355 for children and young people. HM280 for civil dissent and disobedience

420 - Offenders. Criminals. General works. Classify types of criminal with the specific crime. See WM700-770 for mentally disordered offenders; WLM822 for psychology of Criminals. WS for young offenders and their crimes

422 - Women offenders

424 - Recidivists. Persistent offenders

426 - Victims of crime. General works. Include compensation. See WLM824 for psychology of crime victims. See WA355 for medico-legal aspects of compensation

430 - Crimes against the person, including physical violence, hate crimes and those not specified below. Include criminals and victims, both adults and children; include abuse and safeguarding of adults at risk of harm. See WS360 for child abuse; HQ660-680 for abuse within the family; WT321 for elder abuse. See WM700-770 for psychiatric aspects of criminality. See WX424 for workplace violence

432 - Murder. See WM762 for psychiatric aspects. See HM600 for terrorist murders

434 - Rape and sexual assault. Include sex offenders. See WS362 365 for child sexual abuse; WM764-766 for mentally disordered sex offenders. See HQ340 for paedophilia and HQ380 for incest

435 - Kidnapping. Include hostages. See WLM824 for psychology of hostage victims

436 - Stalkers

438 - People trafficking. Include trafficking for sex work but see HQ440 for sex work itself

440 - Crimes against property. Include all forms. For forensic psychiatric aspects see WM768, for example, firesetting

500 - Law enforcement and law enforcement agencies. General works on all aspects

510 - Police work. Include all aspects

520 - Penology. General works

525 - Non custodial punishment. Fines. Probation. Community work. Restorative justice

530 - Imprisonment as a punishment. Prisoners. See WLM160 for psychological aspects of imprisonment; WM740-745 for imprisonment of mentally disordered offenders. WA97 for the health of prisoners. See WA288 for prison doctors. Y274 for prison nursing

535 - Detention centres. Assessment centres. Remand prisons. Use for prisons intended for people awaiting trial, sentence or deportation. See WS346-355 for all aspects of juvenile crime, including young offender institutions; WM770 for mentally disordered juvenile offenders

540 - Parole. Aftercare. Rehabilitation of offenders. Social work with offenders

550 - Other forms of punishment. Include corporal punishment for criminal offences

560 - Capital punishment

590 - Penal reform. Include reforming legislation

Political crime, Terrorism and Crimes by state 600 - Politically related crime and its punishment. Acts of terrorism. War crimes. Acts of violence by the state against its own citizens. Genocide. See JD4 for anti-terrorist measures and JZ for general works on war

610 - Concentration camps. Imprisonment of political prisoners. Prisoners of war

620 - Torture. Include material on treatment for the victims of torture. For ethical aspects of torture use WA255

HQ - Sexuality. Relationships. Marriage. The Family

Sexuality. Relationships. Marriage. The Family Classify all aspects of sexual behaviour, marriage and the family in HQ except those concerned with health (for example. surgery), with children or where specifically instructed otherwise.

1 - Societies relating to sexuality, marriage and the family

11 - History covering all aspects of sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family

13 - Dictionaries, encyclopaedias, bibliographies of sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification. Nomenclature. Terminology

16 - Tables. Statistics. Relating to sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family

20 - Research. Research design. Relating to sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Sexology as a profession. Careers in sexology and marriage guidance and counselling

27 - Sexual health services. General works on all aspects. Works on sexual health clinics should go with WC141 or in WS if aimed at young people. Works on improving sexual technique should go in HQ134 or HQ390. Works for LGBTQ+ persons should go at HQ305 or HQ320. See WC141 for health services for sexually transmitted disease only

32 - Law and legislation on sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family. See WS32 for legislation relating to children

33 - Discussion of legislation on all aspects of the law relating to sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family, including civil partnerships and marriage for LGBTQ+ persons

100 - Sex and sexual behaviour. General works. Include social aspects, for example, courtship. See WS270 for sexuality in children and young people. See WQ 223 for teenage pregnancy

102 - Physiology of sexual activity, for example, Masters and Johnson

110 - History of sexual behaviour (traditions, culture etc.)

115 - Cross cultural comparisons

117 - Religious attitudes to sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family

120 - Psychology of sex. General works. See WM484 for psychoanalytic approach

Sex education and Sexual health promotion All numbers from HQ130-136 may be taken to include the "sexual health promotion" concept. See also W500-580 for general works on health promotion and WC144 for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

130 - Works concerning sex education and its teaching. Include specific health promotion campaigns

132 - School texts and health promotion material

134 - Popular works on sexuality and sexual intercourse, for example, Joy of sex

136 - Sex education as it relates to the medical profession and nursing. The teaching of sexual medicine to the medical profession

Family planning and Birth control 150 - Birth control and family planning. General works. Include discussions on family size. For works on population control see HA. For works on population characteristics and dynamics see HA10

152 - Education in birth control for the professional, for example, the family planning nurse

153 - History of birth control and family planning. Include history of abortion

155 - Ethics of birth control. Include staff attitudes

158 - Family planning services. Include family planning clinics. Include services for adolescents

160 - Methods of contraception. General works

162 - I.U.C.D. Intrauterine contraceptive devices. Include those with a chemical or hormonal component

164 - Oral contraception. Include induced menstruation, “morning after” pill, male pill etc. See QV177 for pharmacological aspects and appropriate place in main schedule for medical treatment of side effects. For depot or delayed action. See HQ169

166 - Barrier methods. Male and female

168 - Natural family planning. Rhythm method

169 - Other methods. Include injectable/long term/depot contraceptives

170 - Abortion. General works. Include legislation and statistics. Include legal establishment of the beginning of life. See QV175 for abortifacient agents. See WQ440 for surgical techniques

172 - Ethical aspects of abortion. Include staff attitudes.

174 - Methods of abortion other than surgical, for example, vacuum aspiration, early abortion “Morning after” pill goes at HQ164. See WQ440 for surgical techniques

176 - Facilities for abortion, for example, day centres and private facilities. Include charities, for example, British Pregnancy Advisory Service

178 - Psychological sequelae to abortion

180 - Sexual sterilisation. Include works on other countries. See WJ780 or WP690 for surgical aspects

Sexual problems and disorders Classify sexual problems as a symptom of a specific disease with the disease

200 - Sexual problems and disorders. Psychosexual problems. Works on all aspects including impotence, premature ejaculation, “frigidity”, dyspareunia

Gender identity and expression, Sexual orientation and sexuality Include lifestyle, psychology, and gender identity. See also gender roles at HM240.

300 - Gender identity and expression. Sexual orientation. Sexuality. LQBTQ+ persons. LGBTQ+ allyship and Pride. Romantic orientation such as aromantic and other emotional orientations. General works

305 - Sexual orientation. Sexual diversity. Includes homosexuality, bisexuality, pansexuality, polysexuality, and asexuality. LGBTQ+ allyship and Pride. Include works on health services and support services, including fertility services, childcare, fostering and adoption

315 - Crossdressing. Drag, including as art form or entertainment

320 - Gender identity and expression. Gender dysphoria. Transgender or non-binary persons. Trans and non-binary allyship and Pride. Include works on health services and support services, including fertility services, childcare, fostering and adoption. See WJ715 or WP180 for bottom (genital) surgery. See WP910 for top (chest) surgery. See WK900 for gender affirming hormone therapy. See WJ712 for intersex persons

350 - Fetishism (legal and consensual). Include BDSM, sadomasochism. See WM320 for non-legal or non-consensual fetishism

Aspects of sexual expression 410 - Pornography. See WM167 for pornography addiction in adults. See WS753 for pornography addiction in children. See WS753A for pornography addiction in adolescents. See WS362 for child abuse aspects of child pornography

430 - Sexual abstinence. Celibacy

440 - Sex work. Include support groups for sex workers and those brought in by people traffickers. For people trafficking for sex work see HM438. For child abuse aspects of child sexual exploitation or sexually exploited children see WS362

Marriage, Civil Partnerships, Relationships 500 - Marriage. Relationships. Cohabitation. Common law spouse. Civil partnerships. Include works covering both marriage and the family

510 - Historical treatment of marriage and sexual partnerships

515 - Cross cultural comparisons of sexual partnerships and marriage

518 - Polygamy and serial monogamy. Repeated divorce and remarriage

519 - Single persons

520 - Relationship and marital problems. General works. Include adultery. See HQ675 for spouse abuse

550 - Separation and divorce

560 - Widowhood

570 - Relationship counselling. Sex therapy. Distinguish between counselling and therapy by counsellors who are psychotherapist and those who are not. Include sex aids and prostheses. See WM546 for psychotherapeutic counselling. See WM500-675 for psychotherapy and counselling in mental health contexts

Family 600 - General works and concepts not included below e.g. communes. See WS for works about children, including adoption

611 - Historical treatment

615 - Cross cultural comparisons

618 - Childless couples. Include couples childless by choice. See WP143 for gynaecological aspects of infertility and infertility services. See WJ709 for male infertility

620 - One parent family. Single-parent families

625 - Nuclear family

630 - Extended family. Multigenerational households

650 - Family roles. Family relations. Include maternal role, maternal behaviour. See WS240 for sibling relationships

660 - Family problems. General works

675 - Spouse abuse

680 - Other family violence. See WS360 for child abuse; WT321 for elder abuse

690 - Family therapy. Family counselling. Include family therapy as a career. Use for non-psychotherapeutic family counselling. Use WM430 for family therapy as a psychotherapeutic technique

HV - Social Services

Social Services For comprehensive works covering both health and social services use WA

1 - Societies related to any aspect of social services

11 - History of any aspect of social services

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification. Nomenclature. Terminology used in all aspects of social services

16 - Tables. Statistics relating to all aspects of social services

18 - Education and training of social workers. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

18.5 - Education and training of other professional and non-professional social care staff, for example, Diploma/NVQ’s

20 - Research in all aspects of social services. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on specific subject with the subject

21 - Work in aspects of social services. Careers in social services, social work and social care

22 - Directories of organisations working with social care and support

32 - Laws. Legislation. Regulations relating to social services, social work and social care

33 - Discussion of legislation

36 - Ethics. Accountability in social services, social care and social work

50 - Popular guides to social services

55 - Consumer and public participation. Consumer views of services

90 - Social welfare provision outside the UK. Include comparative studies

Welfare provisions by statutory body Note the difference between Social Services (statutory and non-statutory bodies who provide social care services to clients); social care which is the service “given to clients in institutions or in their own homes to help people overcome difficulties related to physical, mental, environmental or lifestyle problems at any stage in their lives.

It includes staff in both professional and non-professional roles who support vulnerable people living in the community and in residential care.” (Definition from www.Prospects.ac.uk); and social work which is a specific profession. “A social worker works with people who have been socially excluded or who are experiencing crisis.

Their role is to provide support to enable service users to help themselves. They maintain professional relationships with service users, acting as guides, advocates or critical friends.” (Definition from www.Prospects.ac.uk).

100 - Social policy and social welfare services in the UK. General and comprehensive works on the planning and provision of services. Include relationships with voluntary, charitable and private sector services. See WA100 for comprehensive works covering both health and social services, including aspects of joint planning and contracting of services

104 - Central government provision of social services. Include social service aspect of the Department for Work and Pensions. See WX110 for Department of Health

106 - Local government. Social Services departments in local government

108 - Economic studies. Cost benefit analysis

110 - Planning. Surveys and assessment of client need. See HV111 for works on quality of services and of service provision

111 - Quality of care and services. Evaluation and inspection. Risk assessment Evidence based practice in welfare provision. Include work of Social Care Inspectorate, Social Care Institute of Excellence

112 - Counselling as a general technique. Include works on counselling for particular professions here. Include general works on both health and social care counselling. Classify counselling relating to a particular disorder with that disorder, for example, Counselling with breast cancer in WP940. Counselling as a psychotherapeutic technique should go in WM546

113 - Supervision of counselling and counsellors. Psychotherapeutic supervision should go in WM498, supervision of social workers at HV115 and in other aspects of social services and social care, at HV111

Social work 115 - Social work. Operational policies. Methods. Practice. General works. Include supervision of social workers

118 - Relationships with clients. Complaints. Advocacy. Violence to social workers by clients

119 - Malpractice in social work. Include works on competence

120 - Inter professional relationships in social work. Liaison with other professional groups within social services. See WA103 for works covering partnerships with the health sector

121 - Administrative and managerial aspects of social work

122 - Field work in social work

124 - Case work in social work

126 - Group and community work in social work

128 - Medical social work. Include GP social work

130 - Hospital social work

Welfare provision by non-statutory bodies and charities 160 - Voluntary agencies and organisations and private companies related to social welfare. Include pressure groups, lobbies, charities. Put directories of charities and other organisations at HV22. See WX590-596 for health-related voluntary organisations

165 - Financial aspects of non-statutory, charitable and private providers of social care

170 - Self help groups in social welfare, for example, Pensioners’ Forum. See W650 for medical and health related self help groups

180 - Volunteers and their characteristics. For health related volunteers use WX592

Welfare services and Community care Classify general works here and those for groups not specified elsewhere. Classify social welfare for particular client groups where applicable as follows:

For children and adolescents - WS300-380

For the chronically ill and physically disabled - WB635 698 (Children and adolescents - WS535-598)

For the elderly - WT340 398

For the hearing impaired - WV635 698

For those with learning disabilities - WM850 896 (Children and adolescents - WS635-698)

For the visually impaired - WW800 898

Financial assistance 242 - Social Security payments. General works on all forms of financial support from the state to disadvantaged individuals, for example, unemployed, elderly except pensions. Guides to benefits. See WB640 for disability pensions; WT345 for old age pensions; WX315 for superannuation; Z164 for library pensions. See HV110 for assessment of client need. See HM222 for sociological aspects of socially excluded and poverty; HM230 for sociological aspects of unemployment; HM265 for sociological aspects of age-group cultures

246 - Supplementary benefits. Family benefits, tax credits etc

248 - Other forms of financial aid, for example, Friendly Societies. For directories of charitable organisations use HV22

Other forms of assistance 250 - Material help. Services. General works and aspects not covered below

252 - Professional home care services. Include food provision, for example, meals on wheels, soup kitchens

258 - Transport, social welfare aspects, for example, concessionary bus fares

265 - Services to groups of people excluded from mainstream provision, for example, failed asylum seekers, travellers, migrant workers, beggars

280 - Residential accommodation. Include sheltered accommodation, warden schemes etc. See HV900s for hostels and housing; WB680 for physically disabled; WM29 for hostels for the mentally ill; WM864 for learning disabled; WT380 for nursing/residential homes and sheltered housing for the elderly; WX875 for private nursing homes

290 - Day care, Day Care Centres. Do not include health related day centres

291 - Welfare aspects of disaster relief, for example, for natural disasters, terrorist acts, large scale accidents, famine, the consequences of war etc. For public health planning aspects see W410-15. For medical aspects see WD411-497

(Note: Numbers 292 to 899 are not used)

Housing 900 - Housing. General works. Include legal aspect

910 - Homelessness, ill-housed people and the homeless. For health aspects see WA93. Include organisations working with the homeless, for example, Shelter

920 - Problems arising from special types of housing, for example, high rise, tied cottages. Include self-help groups relating to housing, for example, Tenants’ Associations

922 - Substandard housing

925 - Hostels. Lodgings. Temporary accommodation. Prefer with the client group where possible – see WM29 for hostels for the mentally ill; WT380 for residential care for the elderly

J-K - Politics and Law

J - Politics 4 - Political sciences. Politics. General works

6 - Political ethics. Standards in public life

7 - Freedom. Liberty. Privacy. Access to information. Include freedom of information legislation

8 - Rights. Civil and political. Social justice. Include human rights legislation and equal opportunities apart from those relating to work which go at WX422

9 - Justice. Use for the justice system but see also HM520-590 for penology

12 - Socio political movements and systems. See also HM267 for group sociological aspects and HM280 for social dissent

JB - National government 4 - National government. General works

50 - Parliament. Place here works on Parliament, its organisation and function. Place acts of Parliament with the subject involved. Include works on elections

60 - Administration of government. Place here works on the administrative structure and its organisation. For exampl, the work of departments

70 - Government commissions, corporations and agencies

80 - Civil service

JC- International relations 4 - International relations. General works. Include EU and UN

100 - Immigration and emigration. For health needs see WA96. For sociological aspects see HM222. For prejudice and discrimination see HM268. For welfare services to some categories of immigrant see HV265.

JD - Protection of the state 4 - Protection of the state. General works. Include anti-terrorist measures. See HM600 for terrorism as a crime. See W410-415 for disaster planning include planning against terrorist attack. See HM510 for police

10 - Armed services

30 - Fire services. See W470-80 for fire prevention and protection measures

40 - Customs and excise. Include works on taxation

JF - Local government 4 - Local and municipal government. General works.For social services departments in local government see HV106

K - Guides to law 4 - General guides to the law. Classify legislation on specific subjects with the subject concerned. This is generally at 32 or 33 of the relevant section

L - Education

Education Classify only general works here. Education relating to a specific profession or specialty should be classified with the profession or specialty, generally at 18 of the relevant section.

4 - Education. General works

6 - Yearbooks. Directories, Guides, for example, British Qualifications

11 - History of education and of specific schools, colleges and universities

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Legislation relating to education at any level

16 - Tables. Statistics

20 - Research in education. Research design and methodology. Use this number for works on research directed at students up to and including degree level and also for adult education, lifelong learning etc. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject. Put works on scientific research and methodology at Q20

27 - Educational systems, for example, Steiner schools, co-educational or single-sex education. General works

30 - Primary education. Use for systems of education, teaching methods in primary education and primary curriculum. For history of specific schools use L11

35 - Secondary education. Use for systems of education, teaching methods in secondary education and secondary curriculum. For history of specific schools use L11

40 - Further education. Tertiary education. Use for systems of education. For teaching methods in further education use L70-74. For professional education use the appropriate part of the schedule with no 20 or L47 for general works on professional education. For history of specific colleges use L11

42 - Higher education. Use for systems of education. For teaching methods in higher education use L70-74. Include foreign exchange education. For history of specific colleges and universities use L11

45 - Distance learning. Correspondence courses. Open University. As systems of education. Use for teaching methods specific to distance learning, otherwise for teaching methods use L70-74. For mentoring use WX432. For mentoring in nursing use WY55

46 - General works on NVQs (Diplomas). Put NVQs for a particular discipline with the discipline, for example, Nursing (WY42)

47 - Adult education. Include adult literacy and numeracy. Include general works on professional education or those which have no schedule. See WX432 for work-based and in-service training and mentoring. See L46 for general NVQs

50 - Educational theory and philosophy. For learning and study see L56 and L125

55 - Sociological aspects of education

56 - Learning styles and methods, for example, action learning, problem-based learning. For works on games both physical and intellectual use HM300

57 - Reflective practice. Experiential learning. Classify reflective practice in specific professions with the profession concerned, for example, reflective practice in nursing at WY54

Teaching 60 - Teaching and lecturing as a profession. Careers in education

62 - Training health care professionals to teach. See HQ136 for teaching sex education to health care professionals and HQ152 for teaching family planning to health care professionals

70 - Teaching methods. Pedagogy. General works, further and higher education. For teaching methods in primary and secondary education see L30-35

72 - Simulation methods. Role play

73 - Computer assisted learning, e-learning, web-based learning

74 - Interactive video

75 - Teaching aids

77 - Audio visual aids

80 - Curriculum development. General works and further and higher education, for primary and secondary curricula, see L30-35

100 - Educational measurement. Examinations. Tests. Educational needs assessment

105 - Examination techniques, for example, MCQs, OSCEs

Study 120 - Students. Guides to student life. Pastoral care. Financial support, loans, bursaries etc.

125 - Guides to learning and study. Classify here works for educational settings only. Classify guides to research methodology for professionals at no 20 of the specific profession or specialty, for example, study skills for nurses at WY20

128 - Guides to writing theses and dissertations. Include essays, profiles and portfolios and their use

130 - Counselling in education

150 - Educational psychology. Include practice and professional aspects

P-Q - Language. General Science

P - Language Classify here general language dictionaries and thesauri

P - Language and literature

PA - Latin language

PC - Romance languages

PD - Germanic and Scandinavian languages

PE - English language and literature. Include English for overseas staff

PM - Artificial language. See QA120 for computer program languages

PN - Biography and autobiography. Journalism. Narration. Anecdotes. Biographies or autobiographies that concern specific lived experiences, for example, autism, can be classified with the topic

PR - Poetry

PW - Children’s picture books and board books aimed at younger children

PX - Children’s books. Include picture books, fiction and non-fiction works aimed at independent readers

PY - Teenage and young adult books. Include fiction works. Non-fiction works can be classified here, or classify with the subject

PZ - Adult fiction

Q - General Science 4 - Science. General works. Cybernetics

11 - History of science

16 - Scientific tables

20 - Scientific research. Include all general works on scientific research and research methodology. Include scientific misconduct. Classify research in specific subjects with the subject, for example, medical research at WB20, health services research at WX20, social sciences research at HM20. See QV471 for clinical trials; W115 for epidemiological techniques

50 - Scientific writing and publishing. Include presentation of data, medical writing and publishing. See WX226 for management/business report writing

75 - Scientific instruments. Include microscopes and microscopy

QA - Mathematics. Computers

Mathematics. Computers 4 - Mathematics. General works

20 - Research in mathematics and computing

25 - Algebra

Statistics Classify theory and methodology within a specialty at 16 of that specialty. Classify compilations of general statistics (population, etc.) at HA and health statistics at W200-245.

27 - Statistics. General works on theory and methodology of statistical analysis. Classify data collection and associated tasks with research methodology. Classify works on health statistics theory and methodology at W150-155

28 - Specific methodological techniques, for example, cluster analysis

30 - Electronics. Include microprocessors

50 - Calculating machines

55 - Computer software for statistics, for example, SPSS

Computers and computing 100 - Computers. General works. Include works on IT training and qualifications, for example, ECDL. For software use QA125

103 - Dictionaries and encyclopaedias of computing

105 - Information technology. Automation. General works. Classify medical informatics in WX350

110 - Programming. General works

120 - Program languages, (for example, BASIC, Java)

123 - Operating systems (for example, DOS, Unix) and environments (for example, Windows NT)

125 - Software applications in general and suites, (for example, MS Office, Works). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

126 - Word processing and word processors, (for example, Word). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

127 - Presentation applications, (for example, Powerpoint). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

128 - Spreadsheets, (for example, Excel). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

129 - Databases, (for example, Access). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

130 - Desk top publishing (for example, Publisher)

131 - Personal and group organisers (for example, Outlook). See QA305 for email

132 - Project management software

139 - Other software application not listed above. Hypertext. Artificial Intelligence (AI). Virtual Reality

170 - Personal computers. Microcomputers. Laptops. Notepads. Include memory devices, docking stations and general peripherals such as keyboard, mouse etc

180 - Handhelds. PDAs. Mobile phone applications. WAP. Other portable devices

190 - Scanners. Printers, including 3D printers. Other peripherals. Classify works about 3D printing with the topic where appropriate for example, 3D printing in orthopaedic surgery at WE120

200 - Computer installation and set up

220 - Environmental aspects. Health and safety. Ergonomic assessment

250 - Security of information. Privacy. Data protection. Virus protection software. Classify here all works on data protection, whether computerised or in other formats. See WX365 for confidentiality aspects of information and J7 for access to information

300 - Telecommunication aspects of information technology. General works only on all aspects of telecommunication. Online systems. Include texts, twitter and similar applications. For works on email use QA305, for networks use QA310 but see note there for Internet. See WX755 for communication systems in hospitals and other health facilities. See WB35 for telemedicine, for example, electronic delivery of X-rays

305 - Email

310 - Networks. Include Intranets and Extranets. For Internet and World Wide Web in general see below QA315 and 317. Include servers

315 - Search engines and searching skills. Classify general information skills and information skills training in Z354.5

317 - Internet. Social media. Media literacy. Include works on the social and political impacts of the internet and social media for example, misinformation. See WM165 for mental health aspects of digital technology use

320 - Websites and their uses. Design and content of websites. E-commerce. Social networking

QB-QM - Science. Astronomy. Physics. Chemistry. Natural History, Ecology, Biology. Botany. Zoology. Agriculture.

QB - Astronomy 1 - General works on astronomy

460 - Astrophysics

500 - Solar system

QC - Physics 4 - Physics. General works

20 - Metric system. SI units

50 - Standards and specifications. General works. Include directories and yearbooks

120 - Mechanics

QD - Chemistry 4 - Chemistry. General works

10 - Inorganic chemistry

20 - Organic chemistry

30 - Physical chemistry

QH - Natural History. Ecology. Biology 10 - Natural history. General works

20 - Conservation of living beings. For environmental issues see GE

30 - Ecology. For human ecology and impact of humans on the environment see GF. Use for ecosystems

50 - Biology. General works

60 - Research in pure biology, not including medical aspects see Q20. Include bioethics not involving medicine

90 - Evolution

QK - Botany 4 - Botany. General works. For phytotherapy and medicinal plants see QV466

QL - Zoology 4 - Zoology. General works on animals and their anatomy and physiology. For domesticated animals see QM30

20 - Invertebrates

30 - Vertebrates

QM - Agriculture 10 - Agriculture. General works

15 - Health and safety

20 - Horticulture

30 - Husbandry. Include animal diseases, animal nutrition etc.

QS - Human anatomy

Human anatomy Classify works on anatomy of a part of the body with the part. Classify works on surgical anatomy in WO101.

4 - Human anatomy. Atlases. General works. Include regional anatomy and digital image data sets of human anatomy. See WO101 for anatomy for surgeons; QS124 for comparative anatomy. Classify works covering both anatomy and physiology at QT104

11 - History of the study of human anatomy

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspects where possible

15 - Classification. Terminology in human anatomy

16 - Tables. Statistics relating to human anatomy

18 - Education and training in human anatomy. Include educational materials for teaching and study

20 - Research. Research design in human anatomy. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific aspect with the aspect.

21 - Anatomy as a profession. Careers

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques in anatomy

39 - Handbooks and resource guides in anatomy

124 - Comparative anatomy of humans and animals

130 - Dissection manuals. Include animals

132 - Laws concerning dissection. Discussion of laws

Histology 504 - Histology. General works. Include atlases and history of histology

513 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias of histology

518 - Education and training in histology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

520 - Research. Research design in histology. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific aspect with the aspect

521 - Histology as a profession. Careers

523 - Tissue banks. Include tissue donors. Include works on research on tissue donation, psychology etc. For legal, ethical and religious aspects see WO315

525 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques in histology

526.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in histology

529 - Handbooks and resource guides in histology

530 - Experimental histology

531 - Histocytochemistry

532 - Tissue types. General works on normal tissue. See also with the subject concerned, for example, connective tissue in WD700-775; foetal tissue in WQ; ageing tissue in WT; lymphoid tissue in WH

Embryology Up to and including the 8th week after conception. Classify here works for the embryologist. Prefer WQ210-218 for works on foetus

604 - Embryology. General works. Include atlases

611 - History of embryology

618 - Education and training in embryology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

620 - Research in embryology. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

621 - Embryology as a profession. Careers

629 - Handbooks and resource guides in embryology

638 - Sex determination (Genetics) Sex preselection. Classify works on confirming the sex of the embryo by examination or genetic tests in WQ206

640 - Sex differentiation

642 - Twinning. Multiple embryo production. Include triplets, quads, etc. See WQ236 for multiple pregnancy

645 - Ovum/embryo implantation. Placentation. Foetal membranes. See WP618 for Ovum/Oocyte and ovum donors. See WQ205 for fertilisation and ovum development. See WQ208 IVF, GIFT; QS685 for in vitro use of embryo

675 - Congenital abnormalities. General or not indexed elsewhere, for example, Tuberous sclerosis. Classify works on specific abnormalities with anatomical part involved, for example, cleft palate WV440

677 - Chromosome abnormalities, including experimental works. Chromosome disorders. See QZ50 for genetic aspects and WQ216 for foetal abnormalities

679 - Drug-induced abnormalities, including experimental works

681 - Radiation-induced abnormalities, including experimental works. Classify works on specific abnormalities with the part involved

685 - In vitro fertilised embryos as experimental material

687 - Foetal research. For embryonic and foetal stem cell research use QU328

690 - Ethical implications

QT - Human physiology

Human physiology 4 - Comparative physiology between humans and animals

20 - Research. Research design in physiology. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Physiology as a profession. Ethics, peer review

23 - Laboratories. Institutes in physiology

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques in physiology

26 - Equipment and supplies relating to physiology

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in physiology

29 - Handbooks and resource guides in physiology

Physics. Mathematics. Engineering 34 - Biophysics. Ergonomics. See WN for Radiology and diagnostic imaging

36 - Biomedical engineering

36.5 - Nanotechnology

37 - Biomedical and biocompatible materials. Include ceramics and polymers. Put works on dental materials in WU. See WO350 for surgical applications

Human physiology 104 - Human physiology

107 - Popular works on human physiology

111 - History of the study of physiology

113 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies of physiology. Use for general works only. Classify with specific subjects where possible

118 - Education and training in physiology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

120 - Homeostasis

140 - Environmental exposure. Physiological adaptation

145 - Acclimatisation

150 - Hot climates. Desert climate. Tropical climate

160 - Cold climates. Arctic region. Antarctic region

162 - Other Environmental factors acting on human physiology

165 - Body temperature regulation

167 - Physiological periodicity. Circadian rhythms. Biorhythms. Biological clocks. Chronotype

172 - Exocrine glands

Healthy living 200 - Healthy living. Well-being. Self-care to retain and enhance health

230 - Lighting. Air. Sunlight. Living space

Health aspects of leisure activities and sports 250 - Recreation. Outdoor activities. See HM300 for sociological aspects of recreation

255 - Physical fitness. Physical education. See W570 for health promotion aspects of physical fitness

260 - Athletics. Sports. See HM 340 for sociological aspects of sports; W570 for health promotion aspects of sports; WD 500-510 for Sports medicine

265 - Relaxation. Rest. Sleep. Use also for lack of rest, sleep deprivation etc. For general works see WL720-6

QU - Biochemistry

Biochemistry 4 - Biochemistry. General works

11 - History

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific subjects where possible, for example, general dictionaries of nursing WY13, dictionaries of nursing research WY20. Add the suffix Z for bibliography, for example, bibliography of nursing research at WY20Z

15 - Classification. Nomenclature

16 - Tables. Statistics

18 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

20 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Biochemistry as a profession. Careers in biochemistry

22 - Directories

23 - Laboratories. Institutes

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques. Include electrophoresis, chromatography and cryopreservation

26 - Equipment and supplies

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

32 - Laws

33 - Discussion of laws

34 - Biochemical phenomena. General or not indexed elsewhere. Include binding sites, diffusion, energy transfer, osmosis etc. when related to biochemistry in general

39 - Handbooks. Resource guides in biochemistry

Biochemical compounds See WD40-80 for a chemistry of food substances.

54 - Nitrogen and related compounds. Classify works on nitrogen compounds that work primarily on a particular body system in QV

Proteins. Amino acids. Peptides Classify here works on proteins in general. Classify proteins in food at WD42.

Classify works on proteins that work primarily on a particular body system in QV; on those that are localised, classify by site, for example, eye proteins in WW101; on those that are enzymes or co-enzymes in QU135-141 or with the system acted upon; on blood proteins in WH or in clinical pathology QY450; on immunoglobulins in QW601; on other immunoproteins in the appropriate QW number.

55 - Proteins. Include carrier proteins, intracellular and intercellular signalling peptides and proteins; cytoskeletal and scleroproteins including collagen; glycoproteins; heat-shock proteins, molecular chaperones; membrane proteins; cell surface receptors; metalloproteins and protein phenomena. For dietary protein see WD42

56 - Nucleoproteins

57 - Nucleosides. Nucleotides

58 - Nucleic acids and derivatives. General or not indexed elsewhere classified. Classify works on derivatives acting on blood and blood formation in QV185

58.5 - DNA

58.7 - RNA

60 - Amino acids. General or not indexed elsewhere. Include methionine. Classify works on catecholamines in WK725; on amino alcohols in QV82. For nutritional aspects see WD44

61 - Amines. Amidines. General or not elsewhere classified. Classify works on catecholamines in WK725; on amino alcohols in QV82-4

62 - Amides. (General or not indexed elsewhere)

65 - Heterocyclic compounds associated with amino acid synthesis and metabolism, for example, Allantoin, Indoleacetic acids

68 - Peptides. General or not indexed elsewhere

70 - Nitrogen fixation

Carbohydrates. Lipids 75 - Carbohydrates. For blood chemistry see QY450. For dietary carbohydrates see WD49

83 - Polysaccharides and derivatives, for example, Dextrins. Glycogen. For dietary polysaccharides use WD51

84 - Sugar acids and their salts and esters. General or not indexed elsewhere. For dietary sugars use WD50

85 - Lipids. For blood chemistry see QY450. For dietary fats use WD53-7

86 - Fats. Oils. For dietary fats and oils use WD53-7

87 - Lipotropic agents. Classify works on methionine in QU60.

90 - Fatty acids. Use WD55 for dietary aspects of fatty acids, for example, omega 3

93 - Phospholipids, for example, Phosphatidylethanolamines

95 - Sterols, for example, Cholesterol. Use WD57 for dietary aspects of sterols and cholesterol

98 - Carboxylic acids and their salts and esters. General or not indexed elsewhere

99 - Aldehydes. General or not indexed elsewhere

Biochemistry of the human body 100 - Body composition

105 - Body fluids. Classify here works on acid-base equilibrium, hydrogen-ion concentration and water-electrolyte balance in body fluids. Classify imbalances at WD296

107 - Growth substances. Growth inhibitors. General or not elsewhere classified

110 - Biological pigments

120 - Metabolism. Classify works on metabolism of a particular substance with the substance, for example, metabolism of proteins in QU55. See WD250 for metabolic disorders

125 - Energy metabolism. Calorimetry

130 - Inorganic substances. Trace elements. Micronutrients. For blood chemistry aspects use QY450. For dietary aspects use WD80

131 - Organometallic compounds. Organophosphorus compounds

133 - Colloids

Enzymes 135 - Enzymes. Coenzymes. Enzymology

136 - Hydrolases General or not elsewhere classified

137 - Isomerases. General or not elsewhere classified

138 - Ligases. General or not elsewhere classified

139 - Lyases. General or not elsewhere classified

140 - Oxidoreductases. General or not elsewhere classified

141 - Transferases. General or not elsewhere classified

142 - Enzyme precursors

143 - Enzyme inhibitors

144 - Enzyme reactivators

Vitamins 145 - Biochemistry of vitamins. Put all works on nutritional aspects of vitamins in WD60-72

Cells and genetics 300 - General works on cells. Use QY95 for cytological techniques. Classify works on cells of a particular tissue or organ with the tissue or organ

325 - Stem cells. Include research. Classify here general works on stem cell transplantation. Classify works on transplantation of a specific stem cell with the cell

328 - Embryonic and foetal stem cells. Include transplantation

330 - Adult-derived stem cells

350 - Cellular structures

375 - Cell physiology

450 - General works on genetics. Include population genetics. Genetic or DNA profiling. Cloning. See QZ50-52 for clinical genetics and clinical aspects of cloning

470 - Genetic structures. The biological objects that contain genetic information and that are involved in transmitting genetically encoded traits from one organism to another

475 - Genetic processes. Those biological processes that are involved in the transmission of hereditary traits from one organism to another

477 - Pathologic genetic processes

500 - Genetic phenomena. The processes, properties and biological objects that are involved in maintaining, expressing, and transmitting from one organism to another, genetically encoded traits.

QV - Pharmacology

Pharmacology Classify here works on pharmacology in general or on the pharmacology of individual drugs or types of drugs grouped according to their specific action.

Classify works on an individual drug according to its principal action.

Classify works on the use of an individual drug in the treatment of a particular disease with the disease.

Classify works on vitamins in QU or WD.

Classify works on endocrine preparations in WJ, WK or WP.

Classify works on non-endocrine biologicals in QW.

Classify the abuse of a drug in the appropriate WM number.

4 - Drugs and pharmacology. General works

5 - Popular works on drugs and medicines. See QV40 for popular works on drug action and side effects

11 - History of pharmacology. See QV411 for history of pharmacy and pharmacists

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification of drugs. Nomenclature

16 - Tables. Statistics

18 - Education and training in pharmacology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study. See QV418 for education of pharmacists

19 - Schools and colleges of pharmacology.

20 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject. See QV471 for clinical trials and QV420 for research in pharmacy

21 - Pharmacology as a profession. Clinical pharmacology. Careers in pharmacology. See QV421 for pharmacy as a profession

22 - Directories of pharmacology and pharmacy. See QV605 for directories of poison control centres

23 - Laboratories. Institutes of pharmacology and pharmacy

25 - Laboratory manuals in pharmacology and pharmacy

26 - Equipment and supplies in pharmacology and pharmacy

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in pharmacology. See QV426 for use of computers in pharmacy

32 - Laws relating to pharmacology. See QV432 for laws relating to pharmacy

33 - Discussion of laws relating to pharmacology. See QV433 for discussion of laws relating to pharmacy

38 - Drug action. Adverse effects of drugs and side effects. Classify here works on absorption, distribution, excretion of drugs; mechanism of drug action; synergism, antagonism, tolerance; factors modifying drug action including genetic factors. Include pharmacological aspects of drug induced diseases but see QZ42 for iatrogenic diseases in general

39 - Handbooks and resource guides in pharmacology. See QV435 for handbooks in pharmacy and QV607 for handbooks in toxicology

40 - Popular works on drug action and adverse effects. See QV5 for general popular works on drugs and medicines

55 - Drug information services

Drugs Use for pharmacological composition.

Classify predominantly treatment based works, with the specialty or disease concerned. For drugs with several different applications classify with the most recognised application.

Dermatologic Agents. Gastroenterological Agents 60 - Dermatologic agents. Classify works on topical anti-inflammatory agents here. See QV247 for other anti-inflammatory agents. Classify works on local anti-infective agents in QV220

63 - Protectives, for example, adsorbents, emollients

65 - Irritants. Astringents

66 - Gastrointestinal agents. Include bitters, carminatives, adsorbents. Classify bile acids, salts etc in WI703

69 - Antacids. Anti-ulcer agents

71 - Antidiarrhoeals

73 - Emetics. Anti-emetics

75 - Cathartics. Laxatives

Central Nervous system Agents. Anaesthetics 76 - Antitussive agents

76.5 - Drugs acting on the nervous system. Neuropharmacology in general

77 - Psychopharmacology. See WM402-403 for drug therapy of mental disorders

77.2 - Psychotropic drugs. General works

77.5 - Antidepressive agents

77.7 - Hallucinogens

77.9 - Tranquillising agents

80 - Central nervous system depressants. Do not confuse with anti-depressants - QV77.5. Note that some of the agents classed n this group of numbers QV80-98, are here because of their relation to the depressant listed

81 - Agents of general anaesthesia. Use for pharmacological composition. Classify here works on anaesthetics in general also. See QV 110-113 for local anaesthetics. Classify works on the barbiturates (except hexobarbital) in QV88

82 - Alcohols

83 - Methanol

84 - Ethanol

85 - Hypnotics. Sedatives. Anticonvulsants. Classify tranquillising agents (general) in QV81. See WO580 for use of pre-anaesthetic sedation

87 - Bromides

88 - Barbiturates. Classify works on hexobarbital in QV81

89 - Opioid analgesics. Narcotics and narcotic antagonists. See QV95 for general works on anti-inflammatory analgesics

90 - Opium alkaloids

92 - Morphine and derivatives. Heroin. Include morphine substitutes, for example, meperidine etc.

95 - Anti inflammatory analgesics. Non-narcotic analgesics. Classify general works on analgesics here; include aspirin. See QV89 for opioid analgesics and narcotics. Use WO580 for pre-anaesthetic medication

98 - Gout supressants

100 - Central nervous system stimulants

102 - Amphetamines. See WM297 for misuse

103 - Convulsants

107 - Xanthines, for example, caffeine

110 - Local anaesthetics

113 - Cocaine and derivatives for example, procaine, novocaine

Autonomic Agents. Non-metallic Elements. Neuromuscular Agents. 120 - Autonomic agents. Classify general works on bronchodilator agents here. Classify works on theophylline in QV107. Classify works on autonomic agents that are also anti-inflammatory agents in QV247; that are also histamine antagonists in QV157; that are also symphathomimetics in QV129; that are also vasodilator agents in QV150

122 - Parasympathomimetics, for example, pilocarpine, choline and acetylcholine

124 - Cholinesterase inhibitors and reactivators

126 - Neurotransmitters. Include serotonin and 5-hydroxytriptamine. Classify works on epinephrine, norepinephrine and other catecholamines in WK725

129 - Sympathomimetics. For example, ephedrine, diet drugs. lassify works on amphetamines in QV102

132 - Sympatholytics. Parasympatholytics. Classify works on cholinesterase reactivators in QV124

134 - Atropine and allied compounds

137 - Nicotine

138 - Non metallic elements and their compounds for example, carbon, phosphorus, selenium. The substances classed here are used largely in experimental pharmacology, toxicology and/or biochemistry for various purposes. Classify by specific use where possible

140 - Neuromuscular agents, for example, curare. See QV77.9 for tranquillisers

Cardiovascular Agents. Renal Agents 150 - Cardiovascular agents. Cardiotonic agents. Anti-arrhythmia agents

153 - Digitalis glycosides. Cardiac glycosides

155 - Quinidine and related compounds

156 - Nitrates. Nitrites

157 - Histamine. Histamine antagonists and receptor blockaders

160 - Diuretics. Antidiuretics

Reproductive Control Agents 170 - Reproductive system agents. Classify here works on substances used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy

173 - Oxytocics

174 - Ergot alkaloids

175 - Abortifacient agents. See HQ170-178 for sociological aspects and WQ440 for surgery

177 - Contraceptives (including those with indirect action). See HQ164 for sociological aspects

Haematologic Agents 180 - Haematologic agents. Classify works on folic acid and vitamin B12 in WD73 and WD70 respectively

181 - Haematinics

183 - Iron. Iron salts

184 - Liver extracts

185 - Nucleic acid. Nucleotides. Nucleosides. See QU 58 for works on the biochemistry of nucleic acid derivatives

190 - Drugs affecting blood coagulation

193 - Anticoagulants, for example, coumarin, heparin

195 - Coagulants. Haemostatics

Local Anti-infective Agents. Dyes. Tars 220 - Disinfectants and biocides. Local anti-infective agents

223 - Phenols. Cresols

225 - Formaldehyde. Nitrofurazone

229 - Oxidising antiseptics, for example, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate

231 - Halogen antiseptics, for example, iodine

233 - Detergents and other surface-active agents

235 - Dyes. See QV240 for general works on the pharmacology of dyes

239 - Boron compounds

240 - Dyes and related compounds used in diagnosis or as reagents, indicators etc

241 - Tars. Balsams

243 - Urinary anti infective agents, for example, methenamine, mandelic acids

Anti-inflammatory Agents. Anti-infective Agents. Antineoplastic Agents 247 - Anti inflammatory agents. See QV95 for analgesics; QV60 for topical agents

250 - Anti infective agents. See QV350-360 for antibiotics; QV220-239 for local agents

252 - Antifungal agents and antifungal antibiotics

253 - Anthelmintics

254 - Antiprotozoal agents

255 - Amoebicides

256 - Antimalarials

257 - Cinchona and its derivatives. Quinine and quinidine

258 - Primaquine. Quinacrine

259 - Leprostatic agents, for example, chaulmoogra oil, Dapsone

261 - Antiteponemal agents, for example, mercury compounds, bismuth compounds, iodides

262 - Arsenicals

265 - Sulphonamides. Sulphur and sulphur compounds

268 - Antitubercular agents and antitubercular antibiotics. See WF360 for drug therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis; QV356 for streptomycin

268.5 - Antiviral agents

269 - Antineoplastic agents and antibiotics. See QZ710 for drug therapy of neoplasms. Classify works on azaserine in QV252 with antifungal antibiotics or in QW920 with immunosuppressive agents

Water. Electrolytes 270 - Water. Inorganic ions. Electrolytes. See QU105 for water-electrolyte balance; WD296 for water-electrolyte imbalance

273 - Water. Sodium salts

275 - Cations and their related compounds. Alkali and alkaline earth metals. Light metals. See QV290-298 for heavy metals and their compounds

276 - Calcium

277 - Potassium

278 - Magnesium

280 - Anions. Halogens. See QV231 for antiseptic halogens

282 - Fluorine. Fluorides. See WU170 for dental pharmacology

283 - Iodine. Iodides and related compounds. See QV231 for iodine as an antiseptic; QV261 for iodides as antisyphilitics

285 - Phosphates

Heavy Metals. Gases 290 - Heavy metal and compounds. Include works on rare earth metals. Include toxicology and chelating agents in general but classify specific agents with the specific metal

292 - Lead

293 - Mercury. Include mercury poisoning

294 - Arsenic

295 - Antimony

296 - Gold

297 - Silver

298 - Zinc

310 - Gases and their compounds

312 - Oxygen and its compounds

314 - Carbon dioxide

318 - Helium

325 - Antioxidants

Anti-bacterial Agents. Tissue Extracts 350 - Anti-bacterial agents. General works and those not classified elsewhere. See QV252 for anti-fungal agents; QV268 for anti-tubercular agents; QV269 for anti-neoplastic agents.

350.5 - Cephalosporins. Chloramphenicol. Erythromycin. Gentamycins.

354 - Penicillins

356 - Streptomycin

360 - Tetracyclines

370 - Tissue extracts. Classify therapy of a specific disease with the disease and works on liver extracts in QV184

Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics 404 - Pharmaceutics. General works

411 - History of pharmacy and pharmaceutics. See QV11 for history of pharmacology

418 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study. See QV18 for education and training in pharmacology

420 - Research in pharmaceutics. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject. See QV20 for research in pharmacology

421 - Pharmacy as a profession. Careers. Registration of pharmacists. Ethics in pharmacy. Pharmaceutical societies. See QV21 for pharmacology as a profession

426 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in pharmacy. See QV26 for use of computers in pharmacology

427 - Pharmaceutical services. Community pharmacy services. Pharmacies. Include both hospital and retail pharmacies. Include economic aspects. Include quality, audit etc

432 - Laws relating to pharmacy. See QV32 for laws relating to pharmacology

433 - Discussion of laws relating to pharmacy. See QV33 for discussion of laws relating to pharmacology

435 - Handbooks. Resource guides in pharmacy. See QV39 for handbooks in pharmacology.

Drug Standardisation. Pharmacognosy. Medicinal Plants 438 - Pharmacopoeias. Official i.e. one adopted by a government or other authoritative pharmaceutical body

440 - Dispensatories. Formularies etc. Unofficial

444 - Pharmaceutical chemistry. See QV25 for laboratory manuals and techniques of drug analysis

446 - Pharmaceutical aspects of drug incompatibility

448 - Dosage. Prescribing and prescription writing. Dosage calculations. Medication systems for drugs only. Include nurse prescribing, prescription drug misuse. Drug calculations should go with QA4 if predominantly a mathematical text

452 - Pharmacognosy. Drugs of plant and animal origin. Natural history of drugs. See WB 55-64 for use in traditional medicine; see WB840-45 for herbal medicine

454 - Collection and preservation of naturally occurring drugs

466 - Medicinal plants and herbs

470 - Drug industry. Pharmaceutical companies. General works. Include economics of pharmacy and advertising and top-up fees

471 - Clinical trials and testing. Drug development. Standardisation and evaluation of drugs. Placebos go in WB330 as there will not be works on their pharmacology

472 - Patent medicines. Commercial preparations. Non-prescription drugs. Includes over-the-counter drugs

Pharmaceutical Processes. Packaging. Labelling 473 - Fraud in the manufacture of drugs

474 - Drug contamination. Drug recall

475 - Ethics in the manufacture of drugs. Include advertising ethics.

478 - Pharmaceutical processes. Drug compounding

480 - Storage and handling of drugs. Include safety aspects. Classify specific drugs with the drug concerned

485 - Types of pharmaceutical preparations. Dosage forms

486 - Solutions

487 - Tablets. Include capsules

500 - Vehicles. Pharmaceutic aids

510 - Flavouring agents

520 - Pharmaceutical preservatives

525 - Packaging

535 - Labels and labelling

Toxicology 600 - Toxicology. General works

601 - Antidotes and other therapeutic measures

602 - Detection of poisons. Tests. Techniques. Laboratory manuals. Classify works on medicolegal aspects in WA320

605 - Directories of poison control centres

607 - Handbooks. Resource guides in toxicology

Inorganic Poisons 610 - Inorganic poisons

612 - Acids. Alkalies

618 - Irritant poisons. See QV664 for lung irritants; QV666 for irritant gases

Organic Poisons 627 - Organic poisons

628 - Alkaloids

632 - Non alkaloids

633 - Hydrocarbons. Volatile poisons. Solvents

Gas Poisons. Chemical Agents 662 - Gas poisons and poisoning. See QV81 for anaesthetic gases; QV310 for gases used in therapy

663 - Chemical agents. Classify here works on chemical agents that are toxic or otherwise harmful to humans including works that discuss the use of such agents in warfare

664 - Lung irritants, for example, chloropicrin, phosgene. See QV666 for irritant gases

665 - Tear gas. Toxic smoke

666 - Irritant gases. See QV664 for general works on lung irritants

667 - Systemic poisons. Paralysants

QW - Microbiology. Immunology

Microbiology 4 - Microbiology. General works

11 - History of microbiology

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspects where possible

15 - Classification. Terminology

16 - Tables. Statistics

18 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

20 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Microbiology and immunology as professions. Careers in microbiology and immunology

22 - Directories

23 - Laboratories. Institutes

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques. Include bacteriological techniques, microbial sensitivity tests and virus cultivation

26 - Apparatus. Equipment

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

32 - Laws

33 - Discussion of laws

39 - Handbooks. Resource guides

45 - Microbial drug resistance

51 - Morphology and variability of microorganisms. Microbial genetics. Classify works on fungi in QW180; on viruses in QW160 or with the specific fungi or virus group

52 - Physiology and chemistry of microorganisms. Metabolism. Classify works on fungi in QW180; on viruses in QW160 or with the specific fungi or virus groups

Environmental Microbiology 55 - Environmental microbiology

60 - Plant and soil microbiology. Classify works on specific microorganisms by subject

75 - Industrial microbiology

80 - Water and sewage microbiology

82 - Air microbiology

85 - Microbiology of food, milk and other beverages

90 - Biofilms

Bacteria 125 - Actinobacteria. Actinomycetales. Include Actinomycetaceae; Bifidobacterium; Brevibacterium; Corynebacterium; Mycobacteriaceae; Propionibacteriaceae; Streptomycetaceae

127 - Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria. Include Bacillaceae; Clostridium

128 - Bacteroidetes

131 - Gram negative bacteria. (General) Including gram negative aerobic bacteria (include cocci and rods). Cyanobacteria

133 - Gram negative anaerobic bacteria (include cocci and rods and leptothrix)

135 - Gram negative chemolithotrophic bacteria

137 - Gram negative facultatively anaerobic rods

138 - Enterobacteriaceae. Include Enterobacter; Escherichia; Klebsiella; Proteus; Salmonella; Serratia; Shigella; Yersinia

139 - Haemophilus

140 - Pasteurella

141 - Vibrionaceae

142 - Gram-positive bacteria. Include Asporogenous rods, Cocci

143 - Mollicutes

145 - Phototrophic bacteria

150 - Proteobacteria. Include Rickettsiaceae

152 - Chlamydiales

154 - Campylobacter. Helicobacter. Spirillaceae

155 - Spirochaetales

Viruses 160 - Virology. Viruses. (General) Include oncolytic viruses. Classify works about a virus disease with the disease. See WC500 for viral disease

161 - Bacteriophages. Include Coliphages; Mycobacteriophages; Staphylococcus phages

164 - Vertebrate viruses

165 - DNA viruses. Include Adenoviridae; Herpesviridae; Papillomaviridae; Parvoviridae; Poxviridae

166 - Oncogenic viruses

168 - RNA viruses. These include Arboviruses; Arenaviridae; Bunyaviridae; Coronaviridae; Flaviviridae; HIV; Influenza viruses; Othomyxoviridae; Paramyxoviridae; Picornaviridae; Reoviridae; Retroviridae; Rhabdoviridae; Rubivirus. Rubella virus

169 - Vertebrate viruses, unclassified

170 - Hepatitis viruses

Fungi. Bacterial spores 180 - Mycology. Pathogenic fungi. Include Ascomycota; Arthrodermataceae; Basidiomycota; Mitosporic fungi; Phycomyces; Yeasts. Classify specific yeasts under the appropriate number for the class. Classify general non-medical works on mycology and non-pathogenic fungi in QK

190 - Bacterial and fungal spores. Classify works on bacterial spores alone in QW51; on fungal spores alone in QW180

Biological Warfare 300 - Biological warfare. See W410 for disaster planning, WD450-458 for medical services and QV663 for chemical warfare agents

Immunology 504 - Immunology. General works. Use for immunologic theory. Classify clinically orientated works with the system or disease. See WD350 for immunologic disease

504.5 - Immunochemistry. Immunohistochemistry

511 - History of immunology

513 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias

515 - Classification. Terminology

516 - Tables. Statistics

518 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

520 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

525 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques. Include immunoassay; immunoblotting; immunoenzyme techniques; immunophenotyping; radioallergosorbent test; radioimmunoassay

526 - Equipment and supplies in immunology

539 - Handbooks. Resource guides in immunology

Immunity by type 540 - Immunity. General works or not elsewhere classified

541 - Natural immunity. Immunogenetics

545 - Autoimmunity

551 - Acquired immunity. Artificial immunity. Classify preparations producing artificial immunity in QW800-815

552 - Active immunity

553 - Maternally acquired immunity

563 - Local immunity

568 - Cellular immunity. Immunologic cytotoxicity. Immunocomptetence. Immunologic factors

Antigens and Antibodies. Toxins and Antitoxins 570 - Serology. Antigen-antibody reactions

573 - Antigens

573.5 - Histocompatibility antigens. HLA antigens

575 - Antibodies

575.5 - Monoclonal antibodies

601 - Immunoglobulins

630 - Toxins. Antitoxins. Include antivenins. Classify works on toxoids, antitoxins etc as preparations producing immunity in QW800-815

630.5 - Bacterial toxins; Cytotoxins; Endotoxins; Enterotoxins; Immunotoxins; Marine toxins; Mycotoxins; Neurotoxins; Ricin

Immune responses 640 - Agglutination. Precipitation. Classify works on immunologic tests at QY265

660 - Lysis and bacterial action

680 - Complement. Complement fixation

690 - Phagocytosis

700 - Infection. Mechanisms of infection and resistance. Disease carriers

730 - Virulence. Invasiveness

Immunotherapy and Hypersensitivity 800 - Biological products producing immunity. Interferons. Classify works on vaccines and vaccination for a specific disease with the disease.

805 - Vaccines. Antitoxins. Toxoids. Classify works on toxins or antitoxins formed in the body in QW630-630.5

806 - Vaccination. Technical works only. See W121 for immunisation programmes and policies; W124 for travel medicine and immunisation for travel purposes; WS130 for childhood immunisation

815 - Immune sera

900 - Anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity. Allergens. Classify works on diseases of hypersensitivity in general in WD 300-375. Classify specific allergic reactions with the system affected.

920 - Immunosuppression. Immunosuppressive agents. Classify transplantation immunology in WO305

940 - Immunotherapy. Classify works on therapy of a particular disease with the disease.

945 - Serotherapy

949 - Active immunotherapy

QY - Clinical Pathology

Clinical Pathology A subspecialty of pathology applied to the solution of clinical problems, especially the use of laboratory methods in clinical diagnosis.

Classify here works on general clinical pathology and diagnostics.

Classify works on tests for a particular disease or for diseases of a particular system with the disease or system, except for works on syphilis tests which are classified here.

1 - Societies for clinical pathology

4 - Clinical pathology. General works. Include histopathology

11 - History of clinical pathology

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias of clinical pathology. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification. Terminology in clinical pathology

16 - Tables. Statistics in clinical pathology

18 - Education and training in clinical pathology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19 - Schools. Colleges of clinical pathology

20 - Research. Research design in clinical pathology. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Medical laboratory technology as a profession. Ethics. Peer review. Careers in medical technology. Include laboratory technicians, medical technicians

22 - Directories of clinical laboratory technology. Classify directories of all pathologists in QZ22

23 - Laboratories. Institutes of clinical pathology. Health Protection Agency laboratories. Public Health. Laboratory Service

24 - Safety in laboratories

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques. Classify works on specific tests by type

26 - Equipment and supplies in clinical pathology

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology. Classify works on use for special subjects by subject

27 - Pathology laboratory services. Include audit, quality standards

32 - Laws

33 - Discussion of law

35 - Anatomic models. Moulages. Mannikins

39 - Handbooks. Resource guides

Laboratory animals 50 - Laboratory animals. General or not indexed elsewhere

52 - Acquisition and transportation

54 - Care and breeding

56 - Environment (for example, germ-free life)

58 - Experimental techniques. Vivisection

60 - Specific types of laboratory animal, (for example, mice)

Laboratory techniques 90 - Chemical techniques. Include chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry and clinical chemistry. See WB141 for works for a clinical setting, for example, how and when to take a sample

95 - Cytological techniques. Cytology

100 - Bacteriological techniques

110 - Methods in medical mycology

Diagnostic tests 120 - Sputum

125 - Saliva

130 - Gastric and duodenal contents

140 - Liver tests

143 - Bile pigments

147 - Liver function tests

160 - Faeces

175 - Kidney function tests

185 - Urinalysis

190 - Semen

210 - Puncture fluids. (Peritoneal. Pleural. Pericardial). See WB377 for diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of punctures

220 - Cerebrospinal fluid

250 - Immunodiagnostic tests

260 - Diagnostic skin tests

265 - Agglutination, precipitation, flocculation and complement fixation tests

275 - Serodiagnostic tests for syphilis

330 - Assay of hormones

335 - Pregnancy tests. See WQ204 for pregnancy diagnosis

350 - Assay of vitamins

Blood tests 400 - Blood tests. General works. Classify works on morphology, physiology and clinical aspects of diseases of blood in WH. See WG for works on the cardiovascular system

402 - Cellular elements

408 - Physical examination. (for example, sedimentation; volume index etc.)

410 - Coagulation. (for example, bleeding time, clotting time, etc.)

415 - Blood typing

450 - Blood chemistry

455 - Nitrogenous constituents of blood

465 - Lipids in blood

470 - Carbohydrates in blood

480 - Inorganic substance in blood

490 - Enzymes in blood

QZ - Pathology. Oncology

Pathology A specialty concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process.

1 - Societies relating to pathology

4 - Pathology. General works

11 - History of pathology

11.5 - Palaeopathology

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification. Terminology in pathology

16 - Tables. Statistics in pathology

18 - Education and training in pathology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19 - Schools, departments and faculties of pathology

20 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject for example, research on cancer at QZ206

21 - Pathology as a profession. Careers in pathology. Ethics. Peer review

22 - Directories

23 - Laboratories, institutes, etc

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques

26 - Equipment and supplies

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27 - Pathology museums

32 - Laws

33 - Discussion of laws

34 - Comparative pathology. Works on histopathology should now go at the general number for clinical pathology, QY4

35 - Post-mortem examination

39 - Handbooks. Resource guides in pathology

Pathogenesis. Aetiology of Disease 40 - Pathogenesis and aetiology of disease. Include causative factors and development. Classify diagnosis and therapy with the disease or system. Classify nutrition disorders in WD200-244

42 - Iatrogenic disease. Adverse effects of drugs. Medication errors. Overdose. See QV38 for pharmacological aspects of drug-induced diseases

45 - Development defects

50 - Heredity. Inherited disorders. Medical genetics, include general works on genetic counselling. For general works on genetics see QU450-500. For chromosome abnormalities see QS677. See WQ173 and WM843 for genetic counselling in those areas and QV38 for pharmacogenetics. For Oncogenes see QZ520 and for gene therapy of cancer see QZ790. For precision medicine see WB310

52 - Genetic techniques and therapy; include clinical aspects of genetic engineering and cloning. Classify general aspects of genetic engineering and cloning in QU450

53 - Age factors. Sex factors. Classify works on age or gender factors of a particular disease with the disease

55 - Trauma (physical) in the pathogenesis of disease

57 - Physical agents for example, light, vibration in the pathogenesis of disease. See QT162 for physiological effects

59 - Chemical agents of disease

65 - Bacteria, fungi, viruses, Rickettsia as agents of disease. Classify works on specific organisms in QW

Manifestations of Disease This section is for general manifestations, not for specific diseases, which should go with the part or disease.

140 - General manifestations of disease. Pathophysiology

150 - Local reaction to injury and disease, for example, inflammation

160 - General reaction to injury and disease, for example, shock, fever, stress. See also WD490

170 - Manifestations of circulatory disorders for example, oedema; thrombus; ischaemia. Put works on specific parts and specific diseases with the appropriate number

180 - Manifestations of degenerative processes. Disorders of metabolism. Necrosis

190 - Manifestations of local disorders of growth for example, hyperplasia

Oncology 201 - Popular works. Personal accounts of cancer patients and their families. Include patient information on cancer

202 - Cultural and anthropological aspects of cancer

205 - Classification and nomenclature. See also QZ300 380

206 - Research. Protocols. Clinical tests. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

207 - Institutes, for example, Imperial Cancer Research Fund

208 - Directories

210 - Oncology. Neoplasms. Cancer. General works. Include works on benign tumours. Include works on complications for example, infections. Classify with specific disease where possible, for example, WP870 for breast cancer. Chemotherapy

230 - Pre cancerous conditions. Include polyps

250 - Invasive malignant tumours. Include staging

260 - Metastases

Morphology of Cancer 300 - Morphology of cancer

305 - Histopathology of cancer

310 - Embryonal and mixed tumours

340 - Connective, muscle and vascular tissue tumours

345 - Sarcoma

350 - Leukaemia and lymphoma. See WH250 and WH525 for clinical aspects

365 - Glandular epithelial tissue. Carcinoma

380 - Nervous tissue; neuroma

Biology of Cancer 400 - Biology of cancer. Include cell growth

420 - Biochemistry. Tumour markers

440 - Immunology of cancer

460 - Endocrinology of cancer

Aetiology of Cancer 500 - Aetiology of cancer. General works

510 - Carcinogenesis

520 - Genetic aspects of aetiology. Oncogenes

530 - Viral aspects

540 - Chemical carcinogenesis

550 - Environmental aspects. Epidemiology, clusters etc

560 - Diet and nutrition as causes of cancer. Do not confuse with diet therapy in cancer QZ770

570 - Occupational hazards

590 - Other environmental causes

Epidemiology of Cancer 600 - Cancer registries. Statistics

610 - Morbidity and mortality

Cancer Services 615 - Cancer health services and facilities. Hospitals. Include health services policy and planning

620 - Prevention and control. Include legislation

625 - Health promotion. See W560-579 for specific health promotion campaigns, for example, healthy eating

630 - Screening. General works. Classify with the specific disease where possible, for example, screening for breast cancer WP815. See W128 for mass screening programmes in general

650 - Diagnosis. General works only. See WN for radiological aspects

660 - Early diagnosis

670 - Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scanner. See WN230 for general works on CAT scanning

Cancer Therapy 700 - Therapy. General works. Include eligibility criteria for treatment

710 - Drug therapy. Include platinum therapy

720 - Hormone therapy

730 - Immunotherapy. Include virus therapy

740 - Surgery, include minimally invasive surgery

743 - Laser surgery

746 - Cryosurgery

747 - Radiosurgery for example, gamma knife

750 - Radiotherapy. See WN for radiological aspects

753 - X rays, gamma rays and other external radiation

758 - Radioactive implants

760 - Adjuvant therapy

770 - Diet and nutrition in therapy. Include cachexia. Put works on diet as a cause of cancer at QZ560

780 - Other types of therapy, for example, cold therapy, hyperthermia, use of cannabis (to control vomiting)

785 - Complementary therapies. Include those of dubious value as well as of proven value

790 - Genetic therapy of cancer

Cancer Nursing 800 - Cancer nursing. Care of the cancer patient

810 - Counselling, communication skills

815 - Community nursing of cancer patients. For example, Macmillan nurses

Other aspects of Cancer 820 - Psychological and social effects of cancer

840 - Psychological support, include cosmetic therapy, beauty tips etc.

850 - Rehabilitation therapies, include art, music etc.

860 - Advanced cancer

865 - Palliative care in terminal cancer. Include symptom/pain control in terminal cancer. See WL830-836 for pain therapy in general; WT640 for pain relief in terminal care in general. WT603 for non-medical works on death

W - Public Health. Health Statistics. Occupational Health. Accident Prevention. Health Promotion

Public and Environmental Health 1 - Societies in public health

4 - Public and environmental health. General works. Include Environmental and Health Impact Assessments (EIA, HIA). See W208 for public health reports See W206-245 for public health statistics. Include Public Health England and local Public Health departments and policy statements

11 - History of public and environmental health

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification and terminology in public health

26 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27 - Public and environmental health services. Health Protection Agency. See QY23 for laboratory services; A164 for public health nursing; WD83 for food safety

32 - Law and legislation in public health. General works

33 - Discussion of laws and legislation

Environmental Control For general works on environmental control use W4.

35 - Water. Water supply. Water sources. Include works on sanitary aspects of ice and ice making here.

37 - Legislation on water standards

40 - Pollution. General works. Class pollution related diseases with the disease for example, Legionnaires’ disease at WF195

42 - Legislation on pollution

44 - Air pollution. Include problems associated with air conditioning systems; ventilation and heating. See W352 for air pollution in the workplace

46 - Water pollution

48 - Bathing beaches. Public baths. Swimming pools

50 - Noise. Put occupational noise pollution at W358

55 - Other specific types of pollution

57 - Pest control. Disinfestation. Include pest control in hospitals

60 - Waste and sewage disposal. Include toilet facilities; incineration; soil pollution. See WX747 for waste disposal systems in hospitals

64 - Industrial waste. Include public health aspects

67 - Hazardous materials. Include transportation and storage. COSHH. See WN645 for transportation, storage and disposal of radioactive waste. See W410-425 for disaster planning aspects. See W350 for occupational health aspects

70 - Clinical waste. Medical waste. See WX747 for waste disposal systems in hospitals

90 - Registration of notifiable diseases

93 - Registration and certification of the dead

95 - Mortuary practice. Cemeteries. Cremation. Include the hospital mortuary. See WT605 for customs associated with death

Public and Environmental Medicine See W500 for health promotion.

100 - Preventive medicine. Community medicine. Public health medicine. Environmental medicine

105 - Public health physician. Include careers

107 - Education in public and environmental health for physicians

Epidemiology 110 - Epidemiology. General works

115 - Epidemiological techniques

Preventive Medicine 120 - Control of communicable diseases

121 - Immunisation. Include immunisation / vaccination programmes and policies, including mass immunisation against disease outbreaks after disasters. Classify works on public health aspects here and works on immunological aspects in QW800-815; See WS130 for immunisation in childhood

122 - Port health services. Include quarantine

124 - Travel medicine. Include immunisation for travel purposes only and popular works on healthy travel. See QW806 for technical aspects of vaccination

128 - Diagnostic services. Screening. Mass screening programmes. General works. See W310 for occupational health screening. Classify screening for a particular disease with the disease

130 - Epidemics. Pandemics, including pandemic preparedness. Disease reservoirs. See W121 for mass immunisation

140 - Health problems of developed countries

142 - Health problems of developing countries

144 - Urban health. See HM210 for urban communities in general

146 - Rural health. See HM215 for rural communities in general

Health and Medical Statistics Where possible classify with the specialty at 16 or with subject. Classify here works on statistical analysis only. Works on data collection should be classified with research methodology. Classify general population statistics, for example, birth and mortality statistics at HA130-134

150 - Theory and methodology of health and medical statistics. Classify general works on statistical theory in QA27. Classify theory and methodology within a specialty at XX16 of that specialty, for example, ‘Statistics for the Psychologist’ at WLM16

155 - Specific methodological techniques in health and medical statistics. Classify general works on statistical techniques, for example, cluster analysis at QA28. Classify specific methodologies within a specialty at XX16 of that specialty

200 - Guides to sources

202 - International and comparative

UK Health Statistics Include statistics for individual home countries.

206 - Morbidity. General works. Use for statistics on disease or illness. Classify specific morbidity statistics with the speciality

208 - General health issues, for example, On the State of the Public Health. Include local health surveillance reports

210 - Environmental health

214 - Occupational health

Non UK Health Statistics 218 - Europe

220 - European Union

240 - United States. Canada

245 - Other countries

Sociology of Health 250 - Health and medical sociology. General and comprehensive works. Include social/public attitudes to health and illness in general. See WA7 for the patient or ill person’s experience

260 - Socioeconomic aspects of health and disease, for example, Black Report. Include health inequalities

270 - Measurement of health. Health measurement scales. Health gain. Include Quality Adjusted Life Years. QALYS. Use only for the impact of treatment. See WA5 for quality of life; WM70 for quality of life in mental illness. See W115 for epidemiological techniques; WX140 for assessment of need. Classify assessment of client group need with the client group, for example, WT310 for the elderly. See WLM145 for psychological assessment and measurement

Occupational and Vocational Health the Working Environment 300 - Occupational health, hygiene and disease. General works. Classify with a particular disease, illness or hazard where possible, for example, WN610 for radiation injury. See W210 and W214 for statistics; WLM228 or occupational stress; WLM900-910 for occupational psychology. WM31 for mental illness aspects

310 - Occupational health services. Include health surveillance, pre employment and routine health checks. For mental health aspects see WM31

315 - Student health services

320 - NHS occupational health services

325 - Occupational health nursing

332 - Health and safety at work legislation. General works. Classify with the specific hazard where possible, for example, QA220 for VDU use and Eyesight. See W352-358 for common non-chemical hazards

333 - Discussion of legislation. See W375 for medico-legal aspects of occupational health

345 - Organisation of safety committees, representatives, Factory Inspectorate etc.

350 - Hazards. General works. Include lists of chemicals and other materials, for example, sharps. Classify with the specific hazard where possible, or add first 3 letters of hazard to this number, for example, asbestos W350ASB. For radiation hazards use WN620. See W67 for hazardous substances

352 - Air quality in the workplace. See W44 for general works on air pollution

355 - Industrial fatigue and its prevention. Shift work

358 - Illumination. Noise. Vibration

360 - Occupational absenteeism. See also WX424 for personnel aspects and WY175 for absenteeism in nursing

370 - Occupational accidents. Include risk assessment and management. For accounts of major occupational accidents for example, Bhopal; Buncefield use W425; for medico-legal aspects of compensation see WA370

372 - Occupational health aspects of lifting. Manual handling. Use for teaching health care staff, the public etc 'how to lift'. Include lifting techniques. See WE475 for back injuries

375 - Medico legal aspects of occupational disease and injury. See W332-3 for legislation and discussion of legislation

380 - Compensation for occupational injury and disease. See WA370 for medico-legal aspects of compensation

385 - Women’s occupational health

390 - Safety equipment. Protective clothing. Protective devices

Accidents. Accident Prevention See W370 for occupational accidents. See WD411 497 for emergency medicine. Classify accidents and injuries by body part where possible

400 - Accident prevention. General works

410 - Disasters and disaster planning. General works. Include works on natural and man-made disasters, for example, earthquakes, famine and the after-effects of war. Classify here comprehensive works and works on strategy and planning. Classify scientific/clinical works with the subject as follows: HM600 for acts of terrorism; QV663 for chemical warfare; QW300 for biological warfare and bioterrorism; W67 for chemical incidents; W130 for disease epidemics; WD452 for disaster medicine/relief; WLM824 for psychology of survivors; WM174 for post traumatic stress disorders; WN645 for radiation incidents; WN670 for nuclear warfare; WX820-25 for health services during war

415 - Major disaster plans include plans against terrorist attacks

425 - Accounts of major accidents and disasters, for example, Moorgate, Flixborough, Hillsborough, Bhopal; Buncefield; 2006 Tsunami. For acts of terrorism use HM600

440 - Transport and transport safety. General works and aspects not mentioned elsewhere. See W67 for transportation of hazardous material; WN645 for transportation of radioactive waste. See WX548-585 for hospital transport and ambulance services

450 - Road traffic accidents

460 - Prevention of traffic accidents and protective measures, for example, seat belts

470 - Fire. See JD30 for the fire service

475 - Fire in institutions. Include evacuation plans

480 - Prevention of fires and protective measures, for example, extinguishers, smoke detectors

490 - Accidents in the home. Include works on household items as causative agents

495 - Prevention and protective measures

497 - Other accidents, for example, water-related

Health Promotion and Education Classify here works that deal with the education of the public, individuals or groups in better health and the prevention of disease. See also W600-650 for patient education. See also with each disease for works on prevention intended for the public.

500 - Health promotion and education. General works. See QT200 for general works on health and well-being

505 - Health professionals as health educators

510 - Organisations, for example, Health Development Agency

520 - Teaching techniques. Teaching manuals for the health education professional

521 - Health promotion as a profession. Careers

545 - Education and training of health educators and health promotion personnel

Health Promotion in Operation 550 - General works. Include popular works on staying healthy. Include Healthy Living Centres. Classify works on a specific subject with the subject

555 - School texts. Include only works aimed at school children, see W520 for teachers’ manuals. See WS for works on children’s health in general

560 - Specific health promotion campaigns

565 - Personal hygiene

570 - Physical fitness. Exercise

580 - General works on the evaluation of health promotion campaigns. Classify works on specific campaigns with the subject

590 - Social prescribing. General works on the activity of social prescribing and social prescribing link workers. Classify works on specific activities prescribed (for example, exercise, art therapy) with the activity

592 - Arts in health and wellbeing. Arts on prescription. Include works about the Creative Health programme. See also WB563 for art therapy in occupational therapy. See also WM610 for art therapy as a therapeutic technique in mental health

Patient Education Classify here works that deal with the education of patients and their families to help them cope with the effects of a disease or disability. See also health promotion at W500 580. See also with each disease for popular works intended for the patient.

600 - Patient education. General works

620 - Teaching techniques for the patient educator. Evaluation of patient education

640 - Patient education as a profession

645 - Education and training of patient education personnel

650 - Associations and organisations. Include self help groups, medical and general. Classify material on specific organisations with the disease or disability. Concerned. See HV170 for self help groups in social welfare

WA - Patients. Primary Care. Medical Professions. Forensic Medicine

Patients and Patient care Use for the patient in community settings, the outpatient and the hospital patient.

Classify works on particular groups of patients with the specialty concerned where possible, for example, hospitalised child in WS, psychiatric patient in WM

4 - Patients. Hospitalisation. General works. Include overseas visitors seeking health care. For patient safety see WA55

5 - Social consequences of being ill. Include cost of illness (to the patient) and quality of life but see WM70 for quality of life in mental illness

7 - Psychology of illness. Attitudes to health/illness. Illness behaviour. Malingering. This number is for the individual’s attitude. See WLM 925 for psychology in relation to medicine. WM97 for hypochondria; W250 for social attitudes to health and illness

9 - Psychological aspects of hospitalisation

10 - Admission. Reception. Discharge procedures. See WY110 for nursing aspects of patient discharge. WX360 for documentation and medical records

12 - Organisation of the patient's day. See WX520 for administration of clinic waiting times

14 - Patients' property

15 - Clothing

20 - Environmental factors for patients, for example, noise, privacy, mixed wards etc.

30 - Visiting of patients in hospital

40 - Spiritual care. Work of the hospital chaplain

50 - Recreation, education and amenities for patients. Education is for continuation of the formal educational process in hospital. See W600-650 for education of patients in health matters

55 - Patient safety. Accidents to patients in hospital. Human factors. See WA229 for malpractice

60 - Violent patients. See WM38 for psychiatric patients

70 - Patient and public participation. Patient and public involvement (PPI). Compliance, satisfaction, professional-patient relations. Include public participation and consultation in health planning and research. Include patient drop-outs, non-compliance and non-attendance.

For advance decisions relating to resuscitation, living wills etc use WA260. For mental competence use WLM33. For consent to treatment, including involvement in decisions on treatment use WA77. For self-help groups see W650. For physician-patient relations see WA270; for nurse-patient relations see WY150; for dentist-patient relations see WU61. See WM65 for this concept in mentally ill people

75 - Patient rights. Include general guides to NHS for consumers and patients. Patients Charter, PALS. See WX365 for access to medical records

77 - Consent to treatment. Informed consent. Include parental consent for treatment of children. Involvement of patients in decisions relating to their treatment. Include treatment refusal. For living wills, advance decisions related to resuscitation etc use WA260. Use WM33 for committal or “sectioning” of the mentally ill

80 - Patient advocacy. Include legal guardianship. See WM65 for mental illness; WM835 for learning disability. HV118 for social work

82 - Patient choice. Consumer/client choice. Include the ‘informed patient’, the ‘expert patient’. Patient-centred diagnosis. For self-help groups see W650

83 - Medical tourism. Health tourism

84 - Complaints. Complaints procedures

85 - Parliamentary and Health Services Ombudsman. Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman. Work and reports

Health and Health problems of specific groups Classify works on specific diseases with the specialty

90 - Ethnic groups. Include communication with non English speaking patients

92 - Religious groups, for example, Jehovah's Witnesses

93 - People experiencing homelessness and ill-housing. See HV910 for social aspects of homelessness

94 - Gypsy, Roma and Traveller people. See HM222 for sociological aspects

96 - Immigrants. Refugees. Asylum seekers. Internally displaced persons. Migrant workers

97 - Health of prisoners. See HM530-90 for sociological aspects of prisoners and penology. See WA288 for prison doctors. See WY274 for prison nursing. See WM31 for prison psychiatry

99 - Men’s health. For health promotion campaigns see W560. Classify diseases only suffered by men with the disease, for example, testicular cancer at WJ858

Primary and Community care Community care

100 - Community care. Community Health Services. Use for works that deal with both health and social services. See HV for social services only

101 - Community care and community health services legislation

102 - Community care plans

103 - Multi-professional working between health and social care only. See HV120 for multi-professional working within social services only. Do not use for other aspects of multi-professional working; see relevant profession; WA150 for the primary care team or WA460 for general multi-professional teams

105 - Community hospitals. GP beds in hospitals

108 - Family practitioner committees. FHSAs

Primary Health Care. General Practice Classify works on Primary Care Trusts and Primary Care Groups in WX116 and NHS England and Clinical Commissioning Groups at WX145

111 - History. Include history of primary care and general practice

113 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias

120 - Research in Primary Care and General Practice. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice, including works for general practitioners

125 - Legislation in primary care

126 - NHS Walk-in Centres. NHS Direct. Emergency hotlines

127 - Health services. Health centres. Group practices. Surgeries. Clinics

128 - Service planning. List size. Health needs assessment in primary care. See WA140 for duty rotas; WA 142 for locum and agency work. See WX140 for general works on health needs assessment

129 - Design and use of primary care facilities

130 - Management and administration. Practice management. General works

131 - Clinical governance. Quality assurance. Audit in primary care. See WA155 for audit in general practice, WA217 for other medical audit, WX176 for clinical audit

132 - Financial aspects in primary care. Include GP remuneration and contracts. Practice budgets. Capitation fees. GP fund-holding. See WX145 for Clinical Commissioning Groups

133 - Personnel management in primary care

134 - Practice administrators. Receptionists. Secretaries

135 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in primary care

136 - Medical records in primary care. Include age sex registers. Include use of patient data for research

138 - Appointment systems in primary care. Include non-attenders. See WX212 for general works; see WX520 for outpatient departments; see WA70 for non-attenders in general

140 - Duty rotas. Include unsocial hours, night calls, out of hours services, etc. See WA241 for conditions of service in general medicine

142 - Locum and agency work in primary care

150 - Primary health care. The primary health care team. Include skill mix, multidisciplinary teams, shared care, etc. See WA103 for multi-professional working with social care. See also specific profession and WA460 for general multi-professional teams

151 - General multidisciplinary works aimed at the primary health care team as a whole, for example, ‘Textbook of Primary Care’, but prefer to classify with subject where possible. See WB75 for popular medical works

General Practitioners 152 - General practice. General practitioners. See WB100 for clinical medicine, diagnosis and therapeutics in general. See WA130-142 for administrative and financial aspects, including GP contract. Classify works on specific diseases with the specialty. See HV128 for general practice social work. Use HV112 for counselling in general practice

154 - Education and training. Include MRCGP and multiple choice papers

155 - Continuing Professional Development (CPD). Include GP audit, for example, Significant Event Audit (SEA). Include appraisal of GPs. For primary care audit see WA131

156 - GP patient relations. Consultation. Communication skills. See WA270 for doctor-patient relationships in general

158 - Referral. Liaison with hospitals

160 - GP liaison with other bodies, for example, social services departments

Nursing in Community and Primary Care 161 - Primary health nursing. General works. Include nurse practitioners in primary health care

162 - GP Practice nursing. Do not use for works on nurse practitioners, use WY240.

164 - Community nursing. District nursing. Include public health nursing

166 - Education and training

168 - Health visitor. Health visiting

170 - Education and training

180 - Other community nursing services. Continuity of patient care. Include liaison nursing. After care. Hospital at home. Community rehabilitation services

Informal carers 190 - Informal care and carers. Relatives. Child carers etc. See WY118 for Orem's self-care model of nursing. Classify specific group with its group for example WB690 for physical disability, WT180 for elderly. See also WB327 for self care; see WB340 for self-administration of drugs

Medicine as a Profession 200 - Medicine as a profession. General works. See WB for the practice of medicine. See W250-70 for medical sociology

201 - Interviewing techniques for the medical profession in their careers (candidate perspective). For works on interviewing in the NHS from the interviewer’s perspective see WX420; for works on employment interviews in general (not in the NHS) see HM225

202 - Careers in medicine. Classify with the specialty where possible

203 - Careers in medicine outside the UK

205 - Medical manpower planning. Include locums in hospitals. See WX400-480 for workforce in general. See WX162 for strategic workforce planning in the NHS and WY64 for nursing workforce. Use WA142 for locums in primary care

206 - Medical education. General works only. Classify with a specialty where possible. Classify educational materials for teaching and study of general medicine (for example, MRCP) in WB18

208 - Undergraduate education. Include premedical education i.e. courses undertaken in order to enter a medical degree course

210 - Medical schools. University Departments

212 - Postgraduate education

214 - Postgraduate institutes. Postgraduate teaching hospitals

216 - Postgraduate medical centres. Include design and administration. See WX549 for multidisciplinary education centres

217 - Continuing Professional Development (CPD). In-service training. Include medical audit. Include appraisal See WA155 for CPD and appraisal in general practice; WA227 for professional competence; WX176 for clinical audit. WX131 for audit in primary care - classify audit of a specialty with the specialty

218 - Legislation on medical practice only. See WA300 for forensic medicine

220 - Discussion of laws on medical practice

222 - Moderation of the profession. Registration and deregistration. General Medical Council

225 - Registers. Directories, for example, Medical Register

227 - Liability and responsibility. Include the Medical Defence Union. Include professional competence and official enquiries into adverse incidents arising from the incompetence of individual doctors. Incompetence is a lack of the necessary skill, ability or qualifications to carry out a duty or procedure. For GP appraisal use WA217. See WM34 for adverse incidents in mental health

228 - Physician impairment. Medical fitness to practice. For works on illness, disability or addiction etc in physicians

229 - Malpractice. Negligence in the medical profession. Malpractice is improper, careless, illegal or unethical practice. See WX180 for whistle-blowing and WA227 for incompetence

230 - Associations, for example, British Medical Association

233 - Physician associates

235 - Resident doctors. Registrars. Approval of training posts. Rotations. Accreditation

237 - Senior doctors and consultants

239 - Management functions of hospital doctors. Non clinical work of doctors. Role as clinical director. Classify clinical directorates at WX135

241 - Recruitment and selection of medical staff. Conditions of service. Income. Hours of work. Pensions. See WX420 for personnel recruitment and selection in general; WY68 for recruitment and selection of nurses. See WA140-142 for hours of work in general practice

242 - Special payments, for example, merit awards, perquisites

Medical Ethics and Philosophy 245 - Medical philosophy

247 - Medical humanities

250 - Religion and medicine. See WA92 for patients from particular religious groups

255 - Medical ethics. General works. Classify with the subject where possible, for example, embryo research at QS690

260 - Assisted dying. Euthanasia. Passive euthanasia. Right to die. Advance directives. Living wills. Resuscitation orders. Withholding treatment. See WD456 and WO595 for resuscitation methods. See WD190 for enteral, parenteral and tube feeding

Professional Relationships of Doctors 265 - Professional relationships. Include doctor doctor relationships and doctor other professional relationships. Put Local Medical Committees at WX116. See WA400-50 for other aspects of multi-professional teams

270 - Doctor patient relationships. Include works on communication skills for doctors. See WA156 for GP-patient relationships

275 - Social relations of the doctor. Include family relations, doctors’ wives etc.

Special Categories of Doctors 284 - Military doctors. See also WB105 for military medicine

288 - Prison doctors. See also WA97 for health of prisoners. See HM530 for sociological works on prisoners. See WY274 for prison nursing. See WM31 for prison psychiatry

292 - International doctors in the UK. International medical graduates. Clinical attachments

Forensic Sciences The branches of science and medicine concerned with the production of evidence in order to determine the cause of a death, the identity of a criminal etc. (Chambers Concise Dictionary)

300 - Forensic medicine. General works. See WA220 for discussion of laws. See WM700-70 for forensic psychiatry

301 - Societies in forensic sciences

302 - Medico legal dentistry. Forensic dentistry

310 - Medical testimony. Expert testimony

311 - History of forensic sciences

313 - Dictionaries and encyclopaedias in forensic sciences

315 - Coroners Courts. Duties of coroners

318 - Education in forensic sciences

320 - Medico legal examination. Forensic pathology. Include examination of evidential material and environment. Include examination of living suspects and victims. See WN270 for forensic radiography

325 - Legal establishment of death. Time of death. For legal establishment of beginning of life see HQ170

328 - Determination of cause of death. Sudden death. Medico-legal autopsy. See WS822 for sudden infant death; see QZ35 for post-mortems

350 - Other forensic sciences. Include here works on forensic chemistry, forensic anthropology, forensic toxicology, forensic genetics

Disability Evaluation. Compensation 355 - Medico-legal aspects of compensation to victims of criminal violence. See HM426 for general works on compensation for victims

370 - Medico-legal aspects of occupational disease and injury. See W370 for general works on occupational accidents; see W380 for general works on compensation for occupational disease

Multi-professional Relationships 400 - General works on multi-professional relations. Include works on more than 2 professions at once. See also specific numbers for doctors’ relationships WA265-75; nurse-patient relations WY150; dentist-patient relations WU61

420 - Multi-professional undergraduate education. Works on education of different health professionals in the same group

440 - Multi-professional postgraduate education

450 - Continuing professional education of different health professions in the same group

460 - Multi-professional and team working. General works. See WA103 for the health and social care team; WA150 for the primary care team and specific specialties for team working in the specialty

WB - Practice of Medicine

Practice of Medicine 1 - Societies

11 - History of the practice of medicine. Classify general works on history of medicine at WZ40

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification of disease. Medical terminology. Include dictionaries of medical acronyms and abbreviations

18 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study. General exam texts. If preferred exam texts can be further subdivided as follows. Default to exam type first so Cases for PACES would go under PACE not cases

18.1 - Undergraduate exams - general

18.11 - Undergraduate exams - basic sciences

18.12 - Undergraduate exams - Clinical specialties including surgery

18.13 - Undergraduate exams - Cases

18.14 - Undergraduate exams - OSCEs

18.15 - Undergraduate exams - Memory and learning guides

18.16 - Undergraduate exams - Finals

18.2 - SJT (Situational Judgement Test)

18.3 - MRCP

18.31 - MRCP Part 1

18.32 - MRCP Part 2

18.33 - MRCP PACES

18.4 - PLAB (Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board)

18.5 - PANCE, PANRE, PA (Physician Associate and Physician Assistant)

18.6 - PSA (Prescribing Safety Assessment)

18.7 - USMLE/USML United States Medical Licensing Examination

20 - Medical / health research. Evidence based practice. General works. Include general works on evidence-based practice, evidence-based health care, and evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal. Classify with the subject where possible, for example, health services research at WX20; nursing research at WY20. See Q20 for research in general; WB25 for research methodology and design

21 - Internal medicine and medical research as a profession. Careers. Classify medicine as a profession at WA200-203

22 - Ethics in medical / health research

23 - Research institutes

24 - History of medical / health research

25 - Research methodology. Specific methodological techniques

35 - Medical equipment and supplies

36 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology, for example, telemedicine, e-health initiatives. See WX20 for managerial/financial aspects of health technology assessment. Classify specific applications with the specialty concerned

39 - Handbooks and resource guides in internal medicine

Traditional Medicine 55 - Traditional medicine. General works covering all forms and those not specified below. Classify traditional pharmaceutical substances at QV452. Classify herbal remedies at QV466

56 - African traditional medicine. Classify African traditional pharmaceutical substances at QV452. African herbal remedies at QV466

57 - Arabic medicine

58 - Ayurvedic medicine

59 - Chinese traditional medicine. Classify Chinese traditional pharmaceutical substances at QV452. Chinese herbal remedies at QV466

60 - East Asian traditional medicine

61 - Kampo medicine, traditional medicine based on Chinese but practiced in Japan

62 - Korean traditional medicine

63 - Tibetan traditional medicine

64 - Unani medicine, practiced in India and Pakistan as a form of herbal medicine

66 - South East Asian traditional medicine

General Works 75 - Popular medical works. Include works covering general health and medical issues, for example, Encyclopaedia of Family Health’

100 - Medicine. Diseases. General works. Use for description of disease and medical practice in general. Include clinical medicine for general practitioners. See WA200-242 for medicine as a career. See WD421 for emergency medicine. See WY100 for nursing care. Classify works on diagnosis only in WB141

101 - Outpatient care. Ambulatory care. See WA127 for ambulatory care facilities. Use HQ176 for abortion clinics; HQ158 for family planning clinics; WO67 for outpatient surgical procedures; WX520 for hospital outpatient clinics; WA4 for outpatients as a category of patients

105 - Military medicine. See WM110 for military psychiatry; WX800-825 for military health services; WN670 for medical aspects of nuclear war

107 - Wilderness medicine

110 - Practical procedures in medicine. General works

Diagnosis 141 - Diagnosis. Diagnostic tests. General works and those not mentioned below. Include differential diagnosis; early diagnosis. See QY23 for laboratory techniques. See W270 for health status

142 - Prognosis

143 - Signs and symptoms. Include cachexia. See QS4 for surface anatomy; WL800-38 for pain; WL734 for syncope; WL732 for coma. See also QZ140-90 for general manifestations of disease

150 - Medical history taking and assessment. See WA156 for the GP consultation

200 - Physical examination. General works and those techniques not specified below. See WY110 for nursing aspects

205 - Techniques of physical examination

240 - Biopsy. Use for methodology of biopsy. See QY for analytical aspects

250 - Catheterisation. General works. Classify with the disease or part of the body where possible

260 - Endoscopy. General works. Classify with the disease or part of the body where possible

270 - Body temperature

280 - Blood pressure

282 - Pulse

284 - Respiration. Lung volume measurements

286 - Body weights and measures. Include body mass index. See WD110 for obesity and WD292 metabolic obesity

290 - Venepuncture. Phlebotomy. See QY400-450 for blood tests

295 - Monitoring. Clinical measurement. General works. Classify with the disease where possible

Therpeutics 300 - Therapeutics. General works. Symptom control. Include eligibility criteria. For palliative care use WT640. For aftercare see WA180

305 - Instructions or non-drug prescriptions for devices or therapy. Classify specific devices or therapies by subject for example, “prescriptions” for gym membership; prescriptions for braces, wheelchairs etc.

310 - Precision medicine. Personalised medicine

327 - Self care in the sense of providing care normally performed by professional health care providers. See QT200 for self care in the sense of maintaining and enhancing health; see WB340 for self administration of drugs; see WA190 for informal carers

330 - Drug therapy. Include general works on drug resistance, for particular drugs classify with the drug at QV. Include drug monitoring and placebos. See QV for pharmacological aspects. See QV480 for management of medicines on the ward or in the primary care environment as well as in the pharmacy

340 - Administration of drugs. Include self administration. Do not use for administrative aspects in the sense of organisation and administration. See also WB327 for self care other than through drug medication

342 - Inhalation and intranasal modes of drug administration

344 - Rectal drug administration

350 - Oral and enteral drug administration

354 - Injections and infusions. Intravenous drug therapy

356 - Blood transfusion. Include haemodilution

360 - Blood bank procedures. Blood donation

365 - Various other therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Include historical therapies for example, Cupping, counter-irritation, phlebotomy (in the sense of bloodletting), trepanning

370 - Plasmapheresis as a therapeutic technique

377 - Punctures, spinal, cisternal and ventricular. See QY210 for clinical pathology of puncture fluids

380 - Health resorts. Include sanatoria. Include balneology and thalassotherapy (bathing in sea water). See WB520 for hydrotherapy (use of the temperature and motion of natural water)

390 - Climatotherapy. Therapy by finding a better climate for health

Intensive care 400 - Intensive therapy. Intensive care. Critical care. General works. See WG225 for cardiac care units; WS816 for intensive care baby units (ICBUs) and special care baby units (SCBUs). See WO500-755 for anaesthesia and anaesthetists

418 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

410 - Services. Units. Staffing in intensive therapy. Rapid response team

420 - Equipment. Environment in intensive therapy

430 - Critical care nursing. Intensive care nursing. Care of the critically ill patient

Rehabilitation Classify with the specific disorder, region or client group where possible for example, WS418 for physiotherapy with children

450 - Rehabilitation. Physical and rehabilitation medicine. General works and those not specified below

455 - Rehabilitation nursing

Allied Therapeutic Professions Physiotherapy

460 - Physiotherapy. General works. Classify with the specific region or disease where possible

464 - Physiotherapy as a profession. Include education and training; physiotherapy assistants

467 - Services. Staffing levels. Standards, quality, audit. Include community physiotherapy services

469 - Heat therapy. Use for heat applied to injuries, strains etc. See WT144 for heat as therapy for hypothermia in the aged. See WB510 for diathermy in physiotherapy

473 - Cryotherapy. Therapeutic use of cold

480 - Phototherapy. Ultraviolet therapy. Use of sunlight. Lasers in physiotherapy. See WN478 for science

495 - Electrotherapy. Electric stimulation therapy

510 - Diathermy in physiotherapy

515 - Ultrasonic therapy (ultrasound diathermy) in physiotherapy

520 - Hydrotherapy. Use for therapy with natural water only. Include whirlpool baths. See WB380 for balneology (use of mineral and spa waters) and thalassotherapy (sea bathing)

537 - Massage

541 - Exercise therapy. Remedial gymnastics. See QT255 for physical education

543 - Alexander technique. See WQ185 for Alexander technique in childbirth

545 - Musculoskeletal manipulations. General works or not included below. See WE175-90 for osteopathy

Occupational Therapy 550 - Occupational therapy. General works

552 - Occupational therapy as a profession. Include education and training

555 - Services. Staffing levels. Standards, quality, audit

560 - Arts therapy. The use of the arts and culture in general in the therapeutic environment. Include work with the physically disabled. See W592 for arts in health and wellbeing outside the therapeutic context. See WB590 for other specific arts and leisure therapies not mentioned below

563 - Art therapy. The use of visual and plastic arts (for example, painting, drawing, modelling, sculpture) in the therapeutic environment. See WM880 for work with the learning disabled; WS780 for children; WM610 for mental health settings; W592 for arts in health and wellbeing outside the therapeutic context
565 - Music therapy. The use of music in the therapeutic environment. Include work with the physically disabled. See WM880 for work with the learning disabled; WM620 for mental health settings; and WS780 for children

Speech and Language Therapies 570 - Speech therapy. General works and aspects not covered below. Classify with specific disability where possible. See WL750-758 for neurological aspects; WS725/780 for children

575 - Speech therapy as a profession. Include education and training

580 - Aids and communication systems for the speech impaired. General works for speech therapists only. See also WV, WM and WL

585 - Language therapy

Other Artistic and Leisure Therapies 590 - Other artistic and leisure therapies including drama, creative writing etc. See WM600-660 for use in mental health settings; see QT250-265 for health aspects of leisure activities and sports

Physical Disability and Chronic Disease Classify with the specific disability or illness where possible. Classify here works covering both health and social services. Classify here general works covering both physical and learning disabilities

600 - Physically disabled and chronically ill. General works

602 - Directories. Guides for the physically disabled and chronically ill

604 - Information and advisory service. Advocacy. Legal services

605 - Legislation relating to disability and chronic illness

608 - Biographical accounts and popular works. Include historical accounts of institutions, etc

610 - Surveys. Assessment of need Registers. Case management

612 - Medical aspects. Illness in disabled persons. Include hospital care. Medical complications for the chronically sick should go in WB600. Works on particular disabilities or illnesses should go with the problem for example, multiple sclerosis in WL365-8

613 - Care services for the physically disabled and chronically ill. Long-term care services. Include all forms of professional care. Include education and training of professional carers

615 - Rehabilitation for physical disabilities and chronic illness

618 - Education and training for the physically disabled and chronically ill

620 - Independent living for the physically disabled

621 - Attitudes to disabled persons. Include abuse and discrimination

622 - Environmental aspects, for example, access to buildings

625 - Psychological and spiritual aspects

628 - Social or economic aspects. Include employment

630 - Personal relationships. Include sexual aspects

Welfare Services for the Physically Disabled and Chronically Ill 635 - Social welfare and social work for the physically disabled and chronically ill. General works and those not specified below. Include counselling. Works on the learning disabled go at WM875-93

640 - Financial services. Social security. Disability pensions.

650 - Aids. Equipment. Clothing. Include general works on assistive technology for the physically disabled. See WE122-138 for medical aspects of prostheses

660 - Professional home help services. Include meal provision

675 - Transport and mobility

680 - Residential care. Accommodation

685 - Day care. Day centres

690 - Home care by the family. Informal support. Include problems for the family. See WA190 for informal care and carers generally; WT180 for care by the family in old age. Use WB660 for home care helpers and other professional or trained assistance in the home

695 - Recreation, leisure and sports facilities. Include holiday schemes, etc. See Z260 for library services to the housebound

Complementary Medicine 800 - Complementary medicine. General works and those not mentioned below. See WE590-596 for chiropractic; WE175-190 for osteopathy

810 - Integrative medicine combining complementary and mainstream medicine

825 - Holistic medicine. Mind-body therapies

830 - Homeopathy

840 - Herbal therapy. Phytotherapy. Use of medicinal plants. See Traditional Medicine WB55-64 for use of herbs in that sector; see QV452 for pharmacological aspects

845 - Aromatherapy

850 - Acupuncture. General works. Include moxibustion. See WL834 for use in pain management and WO700 for use in anaesthesia

852 - Acupressure. Include Shiatzu

855 - Faith healing. Use for Christian faith only. Other religions’ faith healing should go with the appropriate traditional section

860 - Reflexology

865 - Naturopathy

WC - Communicable Diseases

Communicable Diseases For preventive measures against disease already prevalent in the community (other than infections already catered for in this section) see W120-W146; for measures to prevent outbreaks of disease, see relevant sections in W under Public health, Occupational health, and Health promotion; for Epidemiology, see W110-115.

1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only.
       Classify with specific aspect where possible.

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, Faculties and departments

20   Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Communicable or infectious disease medicine as a profession and career

22   Directories

23   Laboratories. Institutes

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques

26   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Health services. Specialist clinics and hospitals. Include health service policy and planning.
       See WC141 for health services for venereal disease.

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

Communicable and Infectious Diseases 100   Communicable and infectious diseases. General works

120   Isolation of patients in hospitals

130   Nursing care. Care of the patient with infectious disease in general

135       Barrier nursing

Sexually Transmitted Infections 140   Sexually transmitted infections. Venereal diseases. General and not specified
   elsewhere
       See WC571 for herpes virus infections; WC470 for moniliasis; WP257 for
       Candida; WP258 for gynaecological aspects of trichomonas vaginalis

141   Services. Special clinics
       See HQ27 for sexual health services in general

142   Control measures.    Include contact tracing

144       Prevention. Include health promotion
           See HQ130-136 for general works on sex education

150   Gonorrhoea

160   Syphilis

170   AIDS. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. General works and those not
indexed elsewhere. For works about the infected blood scandal see WC195.


171       Services for AIDS patients

172       Popular works. Include works on non-conventional therapies

173       Complications of AIDS. AIDS related complex; AIDS-related opportunistic infections

174       HIV positivity. HIV seroposivity

178       Nursing care, care of the patient

180       Medical care. Include conventional therapy and terminal care

185       Drug therapy

190       Health and safety aspects of AIDS and HIV. Prevention and control. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV.

Infection Control 195   Infection. Cross infection. Infection control. General works.   Include laboratory infection, hospital infection, opportunistic infections, handwashing
       Classify only infection control works here. Classify works on an infection itself
       with the infection, e.g. MRSA at WC250. Clostridium difficile at WC368
       Classify works about the NHS infected blood scandal here.

198       Disinfection and disinfectants. Sterilisation. Include hand hygiene

Bacterial Infections 200   Bacterial infections. General and those not indexed elsewhere
       See QW127-155 for microbiology of bacteria

210   Streptococcal infections. General and those not indexed elsewhere
       See QW52 for microbial drug resistance and WB330 for drug resistance in
       Therapeutics

217       Pneumococcal infections

220       Rheumatic fever. Chorea in rheumatic fever

234       Erysipelas

240   Bacteraemia. Septicaemia. Toxaemias
       See WQ232 for toxaemia in pregnancy

245   Meningococcal infections

250   Staphylococcal infections. Include MRSA

260   Enterobacteriaceae and other enteric infections

262       Cholera

266       Paratyphoid fevers

268   Bacterial food poisoning. Include listeria and botulism

269       Salmonella infections

270       Typhoid

280       Dysentery

290       Escherichia coli infections

302   Actinomycetales infections. Mycobacterium infections
See WC335 for leprosy; WR300 for maduromycosis WF200-365 for pulmonary tuberculosis

305   Anthrax

310   Brucellosis

318   Corynebacterium infections. Diptheria

330   Pseudomonas infections. Glanders

335   Leprosy

340   Bordetella infections. Whooping cough. Pertussis

350   Yersinia infections. Plague

368   Clostridium infections. Lockjaw. Tetanus. Gas gangrene.
       See WC268 for botulism; WJ344 for haemoglobinuria

380   Tularaemia.    Include rat bite fever, deer fly fever, tick fever and Francis disease.

400   Spirochaete infections

406       Borrelia infections

410           Relapsing fever

420       Leptospirosis. Weil's disease

422       Treponemal infections. Yaws
           See WC160 for syphilis

Fungal Infections 450   Mycoses. General or those not indexed elsewhere
       See WR300 for dermatomycosis; WF652 for fungal lung disease

460       Coccidioidomycosis. Paracoccidioidomycosis

465       Histoplasmosis

470       Moniliasis. Include thrush and candidiasis
           See WP257 for gynaecological aspects of vaginal thrush and candida

Viral Infections 500   Virus diseases. General and those not indexed elsewhere
       See QW160-170 for microbiology of viruses

505   Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME). Post viral Fatigue Syndrome. Chronic Fatigue
   Syndrome
       For chronic fatigue related to Long COVID, see WC517.5

512   Othomyxoviridae infections

515       Influenza

516   Coronaviridae infections

517       Coronavirus infections. COVID-19; SARS; MERS

517.5           Long COVID. Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome. Post-COVID syndrome

518   Paramyxovirus infections

520       Mumps

522   Glandular fever. Infectious mononucleosis

524   Arbovirus infections. Pappataci fever.

526       Phlebotomus fever

528       Dengue

530       Yellow fever

534   Viral haemorrhagic fevers. Lassa fever

536   Human viral hepatitis.
       For works about the infected blood scandal see WC195.

540   Neurotropic virus diseases. Epidemic encephalitis
       See WL332 for meningitis

550       Rabies

552           Prevention and control of rabies

555   Poliomyelitis

556       Prevention and control of poliomyelitis

571   Herpes virus infections. General and those not indexed elsewhere
       See WL336 for Herpes zoster

572       Chickenpox

578       Herpes simplex
           See WL336 for herpes zoster

580   Measles

582   Rubella

584   Poxvirus infections. General and those not indexed elsewhere

585       Smallpox

588           Prevention and control of smallpox

593   Cat scratch disease

600   Rickettsial infections. General and those not indexed elsewhere. Include chlamydia, typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever and bartonellaceae infections

Tropical Medicine 680   Tropical diseases. General works
       See WR370 for tropical diseases of the skin

685       Child health in the tropics

Parasitology. Parasitic Infections 690   Parasitology. General works

695   Parasitic diseases
       Classify general works on localised infections by site, e.g. WR360 for parasitic
       skin diseases; WW160 for eye diseases

698       Parasitic intestinal diseases. General and those not indexed elsewhere

700   Protozoan infections

715       Leishmaniasis

725       Toxoplasmosis

750       Malaria

800   Helminthiasis. General and those not indexed elsewhere

810       Trematode infections. Schistosomiasis

830       Cestode infections. General and those not indexed elsewhere

838           Cysticercosis. Taeniasis

840           Echinococcosis

850   Nematode infections. General and those not indexed elsewhere

855       Trichinosis

860       Trichuriasis. Oxyuriasis

865       Strongyloidiasis

870       Ascariasis

880       Filariasis and related conditions

885           Onchocerciasis

WD - Systemic Diseases. Connective Tissue Disorders. Rheumatology

WD 10-244 Food, nutrition and dietetics

250-299 Metabolic diseases and disorders
300-330 Hypersensitivity, allergy
350 Immunologic diseases
411-497 Emergency and traumatic medicine
500-510 Sports medicine
540-548 Smoking and smoking related diseases
550-575 Animal related and plant related diseases
600-660 Aviation, space and submarine medicine
700-775 Systemic diseases, connective tissue disorders
811-988 Rheumatology

Food. Nutrition. Dietetics 10   Nutrition (why you eat and what happens to food after you eat it) and dietetics (the
   study and regulation of the diet). Principles of nutrition applied to feeding persons
   or groups of persons. General works
       Include socioeconomic aspects
       See WD100 for diet (what you eat, when, how much, etc) and diet therapy
       (dietary and nutritional management of a disease)

12   Popular works
       See WD105 for popular works on diet

14   Surveys

16   Statistics

17   History of food and diet

18   Education in nutrition and diet for health professionals. Education and training for
   dietetics.    Include educational materials for both teaching and study

20   Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Dietetics as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Health promotion aspects of nutrition and diet
       Include healthy eating campaigns and nutrition policy
       See WD105 for popular works on healthy eating

30   Nutritional requirements. General works

35       Energy and food values. Calories. Glycaemic index
           Include food labelling
           See QU125 for energy metabolism

Food Substances See WD83-99 for food and food processing

40   Biochemistry of food substances. General works only
       See QU for specific works on biochemistry of these substances

42   Proteins – both meat and vegetable
       See QU55 for biochemistry of proteins

44       Amino acids. Amines. Amides. Peptides
           See QU60 for biochemistry of amino acids

49   Carbohydrates.
       See QU75 for biochemistry of carbohydrates

50       Sucrose. Sugar. Include honey
           See QU84 for biochemistry of sugar acids and esters

51       Complex sugars
           Include polysaccharides. See QU83 for biochemistry of polysaccharides

52   Cellulose. Fibre. Roughage

53   Lipids. Fats. Fat substitutes. Oils
       Use QU85 for biochemistry of lipids. Use QU86 for biochemistry of fats and oils
       Classify works on foodstuffs in WD85-9

55       Fatty acids
           Use QU90 for biochemistry of fatty acids

57       Sterols. Cholesterol
           Use QU95 for biochemistry of sterols and cholesterol

60   Vitamins. Vitamin requirement
       See WD215 244 for deficiencies
       Use QU145 for Vitamin biochemistry

64       Fat soluble vitamins. Include vitamins A, D, E, K

70       Water soluble vitamins. Include vitamin B Complex, folic acid, thiamine,
       riboflavin, nicotinic acid, vitamin B12

75       Vitamin C. Ascorbic acid
           See WD230 for vitamin deficiencies

77       Other vitamins

80   Inorganic substances. Trace elements. Micronutrients
       Use QU130 for biochemistry of inorganic substances

Food and Food Processing FOOD AND FOOD PROCESSING
Include manufacture, handling, inspection and contamination. Classify works on
Specific foodstuffs at the appropriate number below

83   Foodstuffs in general. Food manufacture, processing, preparation and cookery
       Include genetically modified foodstuffs. Include legislation on food safety (hygiene, contamination and inspection) See WC268 for bacterial food poisoning

84   Cereals. Grains. Seeds. Bran

85   Dairy Products
       Include milk supply, pasteurisation etc, but see QW85 for microbiology of milk

86   Non dairy fats, oils and margarines and milk substitutes

87   Meat and meat products
       Include abattoirs, butchers, etc.

88   Poultry and eggs

89   Fish and fish products. Seafood. Include shellfish

90   Fruit, vegetables and nuts
       Include dried fruit

91   Preserved foods not included above. The process and hazards of food
   preservation, canned, dried, frozen, salted and smoked. Include packaging methods.

92   Beverages. General works

93       Coffee. Tea. Chocolate

95       Water. Mineral water. Soft drinks

96       Alcoholic beverages. Beer, spirits, wine
           See WM274 for alcohol abuse; W578 for health education aspects

97   Miscellaneous food preparations

98   Preservatives and additives, food colouring and flavouring agents, nutritional supplements e.g probiotics, spices

99   Convenience foods. Junk foods. Confectionery

Diet and Diet Therapy What, when and how much you eat and the use of diet to prevent and treat disease.
Classify diet-related disorders at WD200-244

100   Diet. Diet therapy. General works
       Classify works on therapy of specific diseases with the disease

105   Popular works on diet. Works on how to have a healthy diet
       See WS115 for works on feeding children; WQ600-625 for infants; WT125 for
       nutrition in old age
       See WD22 for health promotion in diet and nutrition

107   Recipe books. Menu planning

110   Obesity. Bariatric medicine/drug therapy. Slimming and reducing diets. General works
       See WD292 for obesity as a metabolic disorder; WM175 for appetite
   disorders and hyperphagia; WI160 for Bariatric surgery

112   Fasting

115   Salt free and low-salt diets

120   Fat control. Cholesterol control

125   Protein control

128   Carbohydrate control

140   Milk diets and milk and dairy-produce free diets

150   Fruit and vegetable diets

154       Vegetarian diets

158       Vegan diets. Plant-based diets

160   High fibre diets

165   Diet of special groups, e.g. ethnic minorities

170   Other specific diets
       See WK818-819 for diets for diabetes sufferers and WD261 for gluten free
       Diet

175   Sociology and psychology of eating, dieting and diet fads. Food habits and
   Customs Food preferences

180   Food hypersensitivity. Food allergy

185   Nutrition in illness, hospital dietetics

190       Special methods of feeding, e.g. parenteral, enteral and tube-feeding

Nutrition Disorders and Diet-related Disease See WS428 for nutrition disorders in childhood

200   Nutrition disorders. General works on diet related disease
       See WD40-80 for foods that cause specific diseases

205   Malnutrition. Starvation

207   Deficiency diseases
       Include general works on vitamin deficiency that cover more than one vitamin

210       Protein deficiency. Marasmus
           Include kwashiorkor

215       Vitamin A deficiency e.g. night blindness

218       Vitamin B deficiency

220           Thiamine deficiency. Beriberi

225           Riboflavin deficiency

227           Pellagra

230       Vitamin C deficiency. Scurvy
           See WD75 for general works on Vitamin C

234       Vitamin D deficiency. Ricketts

238       Vitamin E deficiency

244   Vitamin K deficiency

Metabolic Diseases and Disorders 250   Metabolic disorders. General works

254   Calcium metabolism disorders

258   Lipid metabolism disorders. Hyperlipidaemias

260   Malabsorption syndromes

261       Sprue. Coeliac disease. Gluten free diet

263   Phosphorus metabolism disorders

265   Others metabolic disorders. Include mitochondrial diseases

270   Inborn errors of metabolism

272       Amino acid metabolism, inborn errors Phenylketonuria

278       Carbohydrate metabolism, inborn errors

280       Lipid metabolism, inborn errors
           Include xanthomatosis

282       Metal metabolism, inborn errors

284           Porphyria

286       Purine pyrimidine metabolism

289       Other inborn errors of metabolism

292   Obesity due to metabolic causes

294   Adiposis dolorosa. Lipomatosis. Lipodystrophy

296   Water electrolyte imbalance. Acid base imbalance

298       Acidosis

299       Alkalosis

Hypersensitivity. Allergy Classify with the specific subject where possible, e.g. WF553 for asthma, WV335 for
hay fever, WD180 for food allergy; WR160 for skin allergy

300   Hypersensitivity. Allergy. Environmental illness. Multiple sensitivity syndrome. General works

305   Allergens

310   Popular works

315   Anaphylaxis. Anaphylactic shock

320   Therapy. General works
       Include drugs

325   Drug hypersensitivity
       See QV38 for pharmacological aspects

330   Serum sickness

Immunologic Diseases
350   Autoimmune diseases. Immune complex diseases. Immunologic deficiency
   syndromes. General works
       See WC170 190 for AIDS and HIV infections

Emergency and Traumatic Medicine See WX550 585 for ambulance services. See WB105 for military context

411   History

416   Tables. Statistics

418   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

420   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

421   Emergency medicine as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

426   Equipment and supplies used in emergency medicine and surgery

428   Accident and emergency departments. Emergency services. Medical
   Assessment Units. Casualty departments
       See WX550-585 for ambulance and other paramedical services

432   Laws

433       Discussion of laws

450   Emergency medicine. Emergency paramedicine. General works
       See WB400-430 for intensive care; WM401 for emergency psychiatric care and
       WS370-380 for emergency medicine in childhood

452   Disaster healthcare and relief. Famine. Earthquake etc., Wars.
       See W410 for Disasters and disaster planning

455   First aid
       Include manuals

456   Cardio pulmonary resuscitation

457   Accident and emergency surgery

458   Accident and emergency nursing. Care of the A & E patient

Trauma and Injuries Caused by Physical Agents 459   Trauma pathology. General works

460   Burns and scalds

465   Gunshot wounds

470   Blast injuries

475   Lacerations and contusions

478   Chemical agents.
       See also QV663 for chemistry of agents

480   Electric injuries

485   Non ionizing radiation injuries. Sunstroke. Heatstroke

490   Traumatic shock. General works

495   Cold. Exposure. Hypothermia.
       See WT144 for hypothermia in the aged; WG530 for frostbite and chilblains

497   Immersion. Near drowning. Effects of water

Sports Medicine 500   Sports medicine. General works.
       Include sports injuries and exercise physiology
       Classify with specific injuries and parts of the body where possible
       See HM300-340 for sociological aspects of sport and leisure

505   Doping in sport

510   Extreme sports, altitude, survival etc.

Smoking and Smoking Related Diseases 540   Smoking and smoking related diseases. General works
       Include tobacco and nicotine addiction

542   Physiological aspects
       See also with organ and system affected. Include passive smoking

543   Psycho social aspects


544   Therapy. Methods to quit smoking.
       Include tobacco substitutes, e.g. patches and gums

548   Health promotion. Tobacco control
       Include specific anti-smoking campaigns

Animal Related and Plant Related Diseases 550   Animal related injuries and diseases. Bites and stings. General works and those
   not specified below
       Include zoonoses
       See WC550-552 for rabies

555   Aquatic animals

560   Insects
       Include spiders, bees, wasps

565   Reptiles
       Include snakes

570   Plant poisoning. General works
       See WR175 for contact dermatitis

575       Fungal poisoning
           Include ergotism, mushroom poisoning

Aviation, Space and Submarine Medicine 600   Aviation medicine. General works

605   Personnel selection and fitness. Physical standards

610   Altitude effects
       See QT140 for physiology of acclimatisation

612   Decompression sickness.

615   Anoxia. Inert gas narcosis

620   Speed. Acceleration. Deceleration. Gravitation. Rotation

630   Fatigue. Jet lag

640   Aviation accidents. Protective devices

650   Space medicine. General works

652       Physiological aspects

654       Psychological aspects

656   Sealed cabin ecology

658   Extra terrestrial environment

660   Submarine medicine. General works
       See WD612 for decompression sickness

Systemic Diseases. Connective Tissue Disorders 700   Connective tissue. General works

720   Diseases of connective tissue. Systemic diseases. Collagen diseases. General
   works

725       Systemic scleroderma

730       Polymyositis. Dermatomyositis

735       Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

740       Polyarteritis nodosa

745       Sarcoidosis

750       Polymyalgia rheumatica. Temporal arteritis. Giant cell arteritis

755       Granuloma

760       Behcet's syndrome

765       Sjogren's disease

770       Vasculitis

775       Amyloidosis

Rheumatology 811   History

813   Dictionaries

815   Classification. Nomenclature

816   Statistics

818   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

819       Schools. Departments and faculties

820   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

821   Rheumatology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

823   Epidemiology

827   Health services. Hospitals. Clinics
       Include health service policy and planning

830   Aids and equipment

900   Rheumatology. Rheumatic diseases. General works
Include general works covering both arthritis and rheumatism. Include adult onset of Still’s disease
See WD960-988 for individual diseases; WE480 for spondylitis; WS432 for rheumatology in childhood

920   Diagnosis
       Include radiology and atlases

925   Nursing care. Care of the patient

930   Popular general works
       See also with specific diseases

940   Therapy. General works

942       Drug therapy

944       Surgery

946       Diet

950   Rehabilitation. Physiotherapy

955   Social and psychological effects of rheumatologic disease

960   Soft tissue rheumatism. Non articular rheumatism. Fibromyalgia. Bursitis.
   Tenosynovitis. Psoriatic arthritis

965   Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthrosis. Degenerative joint disease.
       See WE750 for hip replacement; WE800 for knee replacement

970   Rheumatoid arthritis

972       Felty syndrome

984   Infective arthritis. Reiter's syndrome

988   Metabolic and endocrine rheumatic disease. Gout

WE - Musculoskeletal system. Orthopaedics

Musculoskeletal system. Orthopaedics For all paediatric orthopaedics see WS430

1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible.

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments and faculties of orthopaedics

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Orthopaedics as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Directories

23   Laboratories. Institutes

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Health services. Hospitals. Clinics. Dispensaries
       Include health service policy and planning



32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

Musculoskeletal System 50   Musculoskeletal system. General works
       For paediatric growth and development see WS105

51       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology

52       Physiology. Biochemistry

60   Movement. Locomotion. Gait.
Normal aspects. For use in diagnosis see appropriate number in relevant section.   See also WL for neurological aspects

70   Biomechanics

80   Kinetics. Kinesis.

Orthopaedics 100   Orthopaedics. General works covering the specialty and diseases and disorders.
       Classify here works that include surgery. Classify specific manuals of surgical
       techniques at WE120
       See WS430 for paediatric orthopaedics

105       Examination. Diagnosis. Diagnostic methods. Radiography. Include atlases.           Classify material on a single part of the body with the part
           See WS802 for examination of newborn

112   Orthopaedic nursing. Care of the orthopaedic patient

120   Orthopaedic surgery. Manuals of techniques

122       Implants. General works
           Include works on bone cement and antibiotic beads

130   Amputation of upper and lower extremities
      See WL815 for phantom limb

132       Nursing care of the amputee

134       Rehabilitation of the amputee

136   Artificial limbs. General works
       See also with the part of the body

138   Arthroplasty. Prostheses. General works.
       See also with the part of the body

140   Orthotics. General works
       See also with the part of the body

145   Trauma of bones and joints
       See WD459-497 for emergency care of trauma injuries

150       Fractures. Dislocations.
       Classify with part of the body where possible
       See WS430 for fractures and dislocations in children e.g greenstick
       For sprains see WE325; RSI tendon sheath WE350

162           Fracture fixation, non surgical e.g. splints, plaster (surgical) casts, traction

164           Fracture fixation, surgical. Internal and external

170   Reconstructive orthopaedics. Bone graft/transplant. Bone lengthening

172   Rehabilitation. General works
       Classify with part of the body where possible
       See WE134 for rehabilitation of the amputee

175   Osteopathy. General works

180       Osteopathy as a profession
           Include education training and directories

Bones and Joints 200 Bones and joints. General works

205 Diseases of bones and joints. General works

Bones 210   Bones. General works
       Include works on structure and function of bones in general. Classify works on
       specific bones with the part or system involved

215       Bone diseases and disorders. General works and those not specified below


217           Diagnosis
               Include radiography

218           Therapy. General works not specified below
               Include drug therapy
               See WE260for therapy related to neoplasms

220           Congenital abnormalities. Disorders of metabolism, growth or development
               Classify with specific bones or regions where possible
Classify works on systemic metabolic disorders involving the bones in WD200s e.g. rickets

225               Sclerosing bone dysplasias

228               Dwarfism
See WK550 for pituitary dwarfism; WK252 for congenital hypothyroidism

230               Osteogenesis imperfecta. Brittle bones

235               Osteochondroses. Osteochondritis

240           Degenerative bone diseases. General works

242               Osteoporosis

245               Paget's disease. (Osteitis deformans)

250           Infectious bone diseases. General works

252               Osteomyelitis


256           Tuberculosis of bones and joints
               See also with the specific site

258           Cysts. Benign tumors


260           Bone Neoplasms e.g. Osteosarcoma
               Include diagnosis, therapy and surgery

Joints 275   Joints. General works
       Include works on structure and function of joints in general. Classify works on
       specific joints with the part or system involved
       See WE138 for arthroplasty in general

278       Diagnosis. Include arthroscopy

280       Injuries

284       Diseases
           See WD965 for osteoarthritis

288       Ligaments

289           Sprains. Cruciate ligament injuries

290       Cartilage

295       Synovial membrane and fluid

Muscles 300   Muscles. Fascia. General works. Include works on structure and function

305       Muscle diseases, neoplasms, abnormalities and injuries. General works and those not specified below. Include congenital abnormalities; sarcopenia
           See WD960 for connective tissue fibrosis

310           Contracture

315           Diagnosis. Include biopsy

325           Therapy

340           Muscular dystrophy

344           Myasthenia gravis

346           Myotonia. Dystonia
               Include Torticollis

350   Tendons. Tendon sheaths
       Include tendon injuries e.g. Achilles; tendinopathy, repetitive strain injury
       See WD960 for tenosynovitis

Skull, head, face and neck 400   Skull, head, face and neck. General works. Include cervical spine
       Use for works on the musculoskeletal system only, but see WU610 for jaw and
       WV530 for temporal bone.
See also WL, WU, WW, WV as appropriate for organs and systems within the head and neck


403       Disease, disorders, injuries and abnormalities. General works and those not specified below
           Include congenital abnormalities, neck pain
See WL510-536 for brain injury; WL820 for facial pain; WU610 for maxillofacial injury; WW300 for orbit


405           Diagnosis and examination
               Include radiography

409           Therapy. Include surgery

420           Neoplasms.   Include therapy and surgery
See WL350 for brain neoplasms; WK100 for endocrine neoplasms; WR500 for skin neoplasms
See also WL, WU, WW, WV as appropriate for organs and systems within the head and neck

Thorax and Ribs 440   Thorax and ribs. General works. Include sternum
       Classify works on anatomy and physiology here as well as that on bone
       disorders and malformation. Classify material on diseases of organs or
       systems within the thoracic cavity, as well as thoracic surgery in WF900-985

Back 450   Back. General works on the whole back, muscles and bones.
       Include works on posture
       See WE610 for shoulder only

455   Injuries.     Injuries to the whole back
See WE475 for spinal injuries

458       Back pain. General works
           See WE548 549 for low back pain

Spine 460   Spine. Vertebrae. Intervertebral discs. General works and those not specified below
       See WS105 for development of the spine in childhood and adolescence, normal and abnormal
       See WL for works on the spinal cord

470       Diagnosis
           Include radiography

475       Injuries
           See WL540 for injuries to the spinal cord

480       Diseases and congenital abnormalities
Include curvature of the spine; spondylitis; spinal dysraphism /spina bifida
           See WL540 for neural tube defects e.g.spina bifida cystica
           See WS430 for children

485       Therapy
           Include physical therapy, drug therapy, radiotherapy, surgery, vertebroplasty
           See WE458 for back pain in general; WE548-549 for low back pain

490       Neoplasms
           Include diagnosis and therapy

548       Low back pain. General works
           Include sciatica; lumbago

549           Popular works

590       Chiropractic. General works

592       Chiropractic as a profession.
           Include education, training and directories

Extremeties 600 Extremities. General works
Include congenital abnormalities potentially affecting all limbs e.g. thalidomide-induced

Arm See WE130-134 for general works on amputation and WE138 for
general works on arthroplasty and prostheses

602   Upper extremities. Arm. Include diseases, injuries and abnormalities. General works and those not specified below
       Include diagnosis and therapy and surgery

610       Shoulder. Include clavicle
           Include diagnosis and therapy and surgery

630       Elbow
           Include diagnosis and therapy and surgery

645       Wrist
           Include diagnosis and therapy and surgery
           See WE350 for repetitive strain injury

Hand 660   Hand and fingers Include diseases, injuries and abnormalities
       See WE350 for repetitive strain injury
       See WR475 for nails and fingerprints

662       Diagnosis
           Include radiography

680       Therapy including surgery, transplantation and rehabilitation
           Include arthroplasty and prostheses

Pelvis 700 Pelvis. Groin. Buttock. Include diseases, injuries and abnormalities

Leg See WE130-134 for general works on amputation and WE138 for general
works on arthroplasty and protheses

715   Lower extremities. Leg. General works and those not specified below
       Include injuries, diagnosis and therapy, surgery and amputation

720       Hip joint. General works
           See WD965 for osteoarthritis; WS105/141/430 for newborn and child

725           Diagnosis
           Include radiography

750           Therapy, surgery and rehabilitation                               Include arthroplasty. Total hip replacement

760       Upper leg. Thigh. Femur
           Include diagnosis and therapy and surgery

800       Knee joint
           Include diagnosis and therapy and surgery

840           Lower leg. Calf. Shin.
           Include diagnosis and therapy and surgery

850       Ankle joint.
           Include diagnosis and therapy and surgery

Foot 900       Foot and toes General works. Include diseases, injuries, abnormalities
       Include diagnosis and therapy and surgery
See WE950 for chiropody; WK837 for diabetic foot; WR300 for fungal disease; WR475 for nails, WS105/430for foot in childhood

950   Chiropody and podiatry. General works
       See WT142 for chiropody in old age

960       Chiropody and podiatry as professions.
           Include education training and directories

970       Chiropody and podiatry services

WF - Respiratory System. Respiratory Medicine

Respiratory System. Respiratory Medicine 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics. Epidemiology

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Colleges

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Pneumology/pneumonology/respirology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Directories

23   Institutes. Laboratories

25   Laboratory manuals

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Health services. Hospitals. Chest clinics
       Include health service policy and planning

100   Respiratory system and respiratory medicine. General works
       Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases. See WF140 for
       respiratory diseases only
       Classify works covering both respiratory and cardiovascular systems in
       WG100

101       Anatomy

102       Physiology of respiration. Breathing. Respiratory sounds
           See WF620 for lung sounds

110       Biochemistry of respiration

115       Immunology of the respiratory tract

130   Respiratory disease in the elderly

140   Diseases of the respiratory system. General works and those not specified below

141   Diagnosis. Sputum. Lung volume measurements. Plethysmography.
       See WF102 for respiratory sounds, WF620 for lung sounds

142       Radiology
           See WF975 for radiology of the thorax only

143   Symptomatology. Manifestations e.g. cough

145   Therapy. General works
       Include drug therapy

146       Exercises. Physiotherapy. Include breathing exercises.

148   Respiratory nursing. Care of the respiratory patient

160   Respiratory insufficiency
       Include dyspnoea, respiratory symptoms of sleep apnoea
       See WL724 for sleep disorders

165   Respiratory failure. Emergencies. Apnoea. Airway management
       See WF496 for artificial ventilation

170   Intensive care of respiratory failure
       Include nursing

175   Inhaled foreign bodies including smoke. Airways obstruction

180   Infections of the respiratory system as a whole.
   Include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), Covid-19

190       Pneumonia, include all forms. Pleuropneumonia.

195       Legionnaires' disease

200       Tuberculosis
           Include TB of the whole respiratory system
           Classify TB of other organs with the appropriate system

202           History

205           Epidemiology

220           Diagnosis. Include Tuberculin test

225           Screening

250           Tuberculosis vaccines, BCG vaccine

360           Drug therapy

365           Nursing

450   Respiratory system neoplasms. General works
       Classify neoplasms with the specific organ or system where possible

Parts of the system Classify with the specific part or disease where possible.

Upper Respiratory Tract 470   Upper respiratory tract. Pharynx in respiration. General works
       See WV410 for works on the pharynx in general

480   Infections. Upper respiratory tract infection. Common cold
       See WC515 for influenza

490   Trachea

492       Infections. Tracheitis

496       Tracheostomy. Artificial ventilation

500   Bronchi. General works and diseases not named below

544       Bronchiectasis. Bronchoscopy

546       Bronchitis
           Include chronic bronchitis

547           Popular works

549           Social effects

550           Therapy. Drugs. Exercise

553   Asthma

555       Popular works

560       Asthma in childhood

565       Therapy and prevention

570       Social and psychological aspects

Lower Respiratory Tract 600   Lungs. General works
       See WF630 for lung diseases

605       Immunology

610       Circulation

620   Diagnosis, including lung sounds

625       Lung function tests. Spirometry
630   Diseases of the lung
       Include injuries to the lung
       See WF190 for pneumonia; WC695 for parasitic diseases; WG420 for
       pulmonary embolism; WD745 for sarcoidosis; WI820 for cystic fibrosis

635   Pulmonary oedema

648   Emphysema. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

651   Lung abscess

652   Fungal lung diseases

658   Lung neoplasms

659       Aetiology and epidemiology

660       Popular works

661       Therapy

663   Occupational lung disease

665       Asbestosis, including mesothelioma (benign)
           See also QZ340 for malignant mesothelioma

667       Other pneumoconioses e.g. black lung, farmer’s lung, byssinosis

668   Surgery of the lung. Include pneumonectomy

670       Transplantation
           See WG435 for heart-lung transplantation

700   Pleura. Pleural cavity

744       Pleurisy

745       Empyema

746       Pneumothorax. Haemothorax

768       Artificial pneumothorax

Diaphragm 800   Diaphragm. General works
       See WI952 for hiatus hernia

805   Functional disturbances, e.g. hiccups

900   Mediastinum

Thorax 970   Thorax. General works
       See WE440 for orthopaedic aspects

975       Diagnosis. Radiology
           See WF142 for general works on radiology in respiratory medicine

980       Surgery of the thorax

985       Injuries and trauma of the thorax

WG - Cardiovascular System. Cardiology

Cardiovascular System. Cardiology 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational material for both teaching and study

19       Schools and colleges

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Directories

23   Institutes. Laboratories

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Health services. Hospitals. Clinics
       Include health service policy and planning

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

40    Popular works. Include patient education

100   Cardiovascular system. General works
       Classify here works covering both respiratory and cardiovascular systems
       See WG150 for cardiovascular diseases only

101       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology

102       Physiology. Biochemistry

103       Circulation.
           Classify with parts of the system where possible

104           Microcirculation

106           Haemodynamics. Blood volume, velocity etc
               See WB280 for blood pressure measurement

110   Experimental studies

140   Electrocardiography. ECG. Vectorcardiography. Monitoring. General works

141   Examination. Diagnosis. Diagnostic methods. Cardiac imaging. Include general works and those specifically on the heart. Include plethysmography

142       Angiocardiography
           See WG500 for angiography

144       Heart auscultation. Heart sounds and murmurs

146       Cardiac catheterisation

148       Echocardiography

149       Radiography and nuclear cardiology

150   Cardiovascular diseases. Pathology. General works.
       See WG210 for works on heart disease only; WG215 for prevention of
       cardiovascular diseases

166   Therapeutics

168       Cardiovascular surgery. General works
           Classify with the specific organ or part where possible
           See WG630 for vascular surgery

172   Cardiovascular nursing. Care of the cardiovascular patient

Heart. Cardiology 200   Heart. Cardiology. General works on the heart only
       Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases. See WG210
       for heart diseases only

201       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology. General works only
       Classify with the specific organ or part where possible

202       Physiology. Mechanism of the heart beat

210   Heart disease. Cardiac pathology. General works
       Classify with the specific part where possible

212       Aetiology. Epidemiology. Include works on heart disease prevalence in particular communities

214       Psychological aspects of heart disease

215       Prevention
           Include here works on cardiovascular disease prevention including health education

216           Diet

217           Exercise

219       Rehabilitation

220   Cardiac emergencies
           See WD456 for cardio pulmonary resuscitation

222       Sudden cardiac death

225   Cardiac care units. Coronary care units

230   Congenital heart disease. Abnormalities of the heart and cardiovascular system.
   Septal defects. General works

235   Neoplasms of the heart

240   Rheumatic heart disease

260   Valves and valve diseases


262       Mitral

265       Aortic

268       Tricuspid

269       Pulmonary

275   Pericardium

280   Myocardium
       See WG300 for myocardial infarction

285   Endocardium

298   Angina pectoris

300   Coronary vessels. Coronary disease
       Include myocardial infarction, coronary infarction, coronary insufficiency
       ischaemic heart disease
       See WG550 for arteriosclerosis

310       Coronary bypass surgery

320   Functional heart disease

330   Disorders of the heart beat. Arrythmias
       See WG144 for heart auscultation

335       Heart pacing. Pacemakers
           See WG440 for heart assist devices

340   Hypertension. Hypotension. Hypertensive heart disease

345           Prevention of hypertension
           Include diet

370   Heart failure. Congestive heart failure

410   Aorta

420   Pulmonary embolism and related disorders. Pulmonary heart disease.
   Corpulmonale

430   Heart surgery

435       Transplantation
           Include heart-lung transplantation

436           Cardiac stem cell transplantation

440       Artificial heart. Include heart-assist devices
           See WG335 for pacemakers

445       Care of the surgical patient. Postoperative care
           Include nursing care but see WG172 for cardiovascular nursing in general

460   Special cardiac problems in anaesthesia, dentistry, surgery

470   Cardio-oncology

Blood Vessels 500   Blood vessels. General works covering diseases of both arteries and veins
       Include radiography, angiography

502   Angiogenesis

505   Interventional radiology in vascular disease

Arteries 510   Arteries. Arterial diseases. General works
       See WK837 for diabetic foot

515       Inflammation

530   Trench foot. Frostbite. Immersion foot

535   Gangrene
       See WC368 for gas gangrene

540   Arterial embolism. Arterial thrombosis

550   Arteriosclerosis and related disorders
       See WG300 for coronary arteries only

560   Vasomotor regulation and disorders

570   Raynaud's disease

578   Vasodilator disorders
       Include whitefinger

580   Aneurysms

590   Arteriovenous anastomosis. Arteriovenous fistula

Veins 600   Veins. Vein diseases. General works

610   Thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Phlebothrombosis. Thrombophlebitis
   and related disorders

620   Varicose veins
       Include leg ulcers e.g. varicose ulcers
       See WR595 for other skin ulcers and pressure ulcers; WE920 for foot ulcers

630   Vascular surgery
       Include arterial surgery

635       Care of the surgical patient. Postoperative care
           Include nursing care but see WG172 for cardiovascular nursing in general

700   Capillaries

WH - Haemic and Lymphatic Systems. Haematology

Haemic and Lymphatic Systems. Haematology 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments and faculties of haematology

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Haematology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Directories

23   Institutes. Laboratories. Blood banks (as institutions)
       See WB360 for blood bank procedures

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Health services. Hospitals. Clinics
       Include health service policy and planning
32   Laws

33       Discussions of laws

35   Nursing care. Haematologic nursing. Care of the patient in general

Haemic System 100   Blood. Haematology. General works Include works on both blood and lymphatic systems
       Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases. See WH140 for
       clinical haematology/ works on diseases only
       Include atlases
       See WS440 for paediatric haematology

101   Blood structure, function and composition
       Include haemopoiesis
       See QY400 for blood tests

140   Blood disorders and diseases. General works
       See QY400 for blood tests

141   Diagnosis

145   Haematologic manifestations of disease

147   Iatrogenic disorders

149   Malignant diseases. General works on both the haemic and lymphatic systems
       See WH500 for lymphatic system only

150   Red corpuscles. Erythrocytes

155   Anaemia. General works

160       Iron deficiency and hypochromic anaemia

165       Macrocytic anaemia. Pernicious anaemia

170       Haemolytic anaemia. Thalassaemia
           Include sickle cell anaemia

175       Anaemias of bone marrow dysfunction
           Include aplastic anaemia

180       Polycythaemia. Polycythaemia Vera

190   Haemoglobin and other haemoproteins. Porphyrins
       See WD284 for porphyria

200   White blood corpuscles. Leucocytes. Lymphocytes. Monocytes
Include B and T cells but see QW504-QW940 for immunology. See WH500 for lymphatic system.

250   Leukaemia

255       Popular works

300   Blood platelets. Thrombocytes

310   Mechanism of blood coagulation. Haemostasis

312   Bleeding disorders. General works
       Include haemorrhagic diathesis and purpura

322   Blood coagulation disorders. Haemostatic disorders. General works

325       Haemophilia. Haemarthrosis

330           Popular works

380   Bone marrow. Bone marrow diseases

385       Bone marrow transplantation

400   Blood fluids. Plasma. Serum. Blood protein disorders

420   Blood groups. Blood group incompatibility
       See WB360 for blood bank procedures

425       Rh Hr blood group system
           See WS805 for neonatal jaundice

450   Whole blood. Blood derivatives. Plasma substitutes. Blood expanders

Lymphatic System 500   Lymphatic system. General works

525   Tumours of lymphoid tissue. Lymphomas

530   Hodgkin's disease

540   Multiple myeloma

600   Spleen

650   Reticuloendothelial system. Mononuclear phagocyte system

WI - Digestive system. Gastroenterology

Digestive system. Gastroenterology
1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible.

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics. Epidemiology

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments and faculties of gastroenterology

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Gastroenterology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability etc.

22   Directories

23   Laboratories. Institutes

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Health services. Hospitals. Clinics
       Include health services policy and planning
32   Laws

33       Discussions of laws

75   Popular works

100   Digestive system. Gastroenterology. General works covering more than one area of the digestive tract.
       Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases.
       See WI140 for diseases only
       Include general works on the abdomen

101       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology of the foregut

102       Physiology. Biochemistry. Digestion
           See WD260 for malabsorption

105       Immunology

130   Diet and nutrition in gastrointestinal disease

140   Gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. General works
       Include gastroenteritis

141   Examination. Diagnosis

141.5       Laparoscopy

142       Ultrasonography

142.5       Radiology

143   Symptomatology. Manifestations of disease

145       Dyspepsia and related conditions

146       Nausea. Vomiting

147       Abdominal pain. Colic
           Include acute abdomen

148   Emergencies

149   Neoplasms. General works
       Classify with specific organs where possible

150   Psychosomatic disorders. Functional disorders

155   Therapy. General works

160       Surgery of the gastrointestinal tract and abdomen. Include bariatric surgery
           See WD110 for bariatric medicine


165       Drug therapy

170   Gastrointestinal nursing. Care of the patient in general

Parts of the System Classify with the specific part or disease where possible

200   Lips. Mouth
       See WE400 for facial muscles. Not for dental aspects nor facial nerves

210   Tongue. Taste buds. Diseases and therapy. Glossectomy. Include speech therapy after glossectomy

230   Salivary glands. Diseases and therapy

250   Oesophagus. Diseases and therapy. Include dysphagia, gastro-oesophageal reflux, swallowing disorders.

Stomach Classify works on stomach AND intestines at WI100

300   Stomach and stomach diseases. General works

301       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology. Congenital abnormalities.

302       Physiology

308   Gastric acid. Gastric juice. Include achlorhydria

310       Gastritis

320   Neoplasms

350   Peptic ulcer

360       Gastric ulcer. Stomach ulcer

370       Duodenal ulcer

380   Surgery. Postgastrectomy syndrome.

387   Pylorus. Pyloric antrum. Pyloric stenosis

Intestines Classify works on stomach AND intestines at WI100

400   Intestines and intestinal diseases. General works. Include colorectal disease here   See WI435 for neoplasms


401   Anatomy of the intestines.

402       Physiology

405   Symptomatology. Diagnosis
       Include bowel sounds

407       Diarrhoea

409       Constipation. Faecal impaction

412   Congenital malformations

415   Vascular diseases of the intestines

420   Inflammation of the intestines

422       Crohn's disease

425   Diverticulitis. Diverticulosis

430   Polyps. Polyposis

435   Neoplasms of the intestines in general, including colorectal.
       See WI610 for works dealing with rectum and anus only

450   Intussusception

460   Intestinal obstruction. Ileus

480   Intestinal surgery. General works
       See WI512 520 for stoma surgery

500   Small intestine. Mesentery

505   Duodenum

510   Jejunum

512   Ileum. Ileostomy
       Include general works on stoma care

520   Colon. Colonoscopy. Colostomy

522       Inflammation. Colitis. Ulcerative colitis. Irritable bowel syndrome

528       Megacolon, e.g. Hirschsprung's disease

530   Caecum

535   Appendix. Appendectomy

560   Sigmoid

575   Peritoneum. Omentum. Peritoneal cavity. Retroperitoneal space.

600   Anus and rectum and diseases. General works

602   Faecal incontinence
       See WJ146 for urinary incontinence and works that cover both urinary and faecal incontinence
       See WT148 for incontinence in the elderly

605   Haemorrhoids. Fissure in ano. Rectal fistula

610   Neoplasms of rectum and anus
       See WI435 for works dealing with colorectal neoplasms

620   Proctoscopy. Sigmoidoscopy

650   Proctological surgery

Liver and Biliary Tract 700   Liver and biliary tract. General works
       See WI712 for liver diseases only

701       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology. Congenital malformations

702       Physiology. Liver circulation

703   Bile. Bile acids, alcohols and salts. Jaundice

704   Liver function in food metabolism

705   Immunology

706   Effects of drugs on the liver

711   Diagnosis
       Include biopsy
       See QY140 for liver tests

712   Liver and biliary tract diseases and disorders. Pathology. General works

714   Injuries. Trauma

715   Hepatic failure

716   Hepatitis

720   Circulatory disturbances. Portal system. Portal hypertension

725   Cirrhosis of the liver and biliary system

730   Abscess. Biliary fistula

735   Neoplasms of the liver. General works

740   Degenerative diseases. Hepatolenticular degeneration

750   Gallbladder. Bile ducts. Vater's ampulla. Cholecystography

755       Cholecystitis. Cholelithiasis. Gallstones
           Include cholecystectomy

765       Neoplasms of the biliary system

770   Liver and billiary tract surgery. General works
       Include transplantation

Pancreas 800   Pancreas and pancreatic diseases. General works
       Include surgery

802       Physiology. Secretions, hormones
           See WK800 for Islets of Langerhans

805   Pancreatitis

810   Neoplasms. Cysts

820   Cystic fibrosis.

Hernia 950   Hernia. General works

952   Hiatus hernia

955   Ventral

960   Inguinal

965   Femoral

WJ - Urogenital System. Urology

Urogenital System. Urology 1   Societies

11   History
       Include all aspects

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments and faculties of urology

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Urology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Directories

23   Laboratories. Institutes. Include sperm banks

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Health services. Hospitals. Clinics for urology and nephrology
       Include health services policy and planning

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

100   Urogenital system. Urology. General works
       Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases. See WJ140 for
       diseases only

101       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology. Abnormalities

102       Physiology. Biochemistry

140   Urological and urogenital diseases and disorders. General works

141   Urological examination and monitoring. Diagnosis. General works
       Include urodynamics
       See also with specific organs

145   Urination and urination disorders

146   Incontinence. General works
       Classify here comprehensive works covering both urinary and faecal incontinence
           See WI602 for works on faecal incontinence only
           See WT148 for incontinence in the elderly

148       Aids, equipment, clothing

151   Urinary tract infections
       See WC140 for sexually transmitted infections

155       Cystitis
           Include works on self-help

160   Neoplasms of the genitourinary system. General works
       Classify with the specific organ where possible

166   Urological therapeutics. Catheterisation. Lithotripsy
       Include drug therapy

168       Urological surgery

190   Gynaecological urology

195   Urological nursing. Include care of the patient in general

Parts of the System Classify with the specific part or disease where possible.

Kidney. Nephrology 300   Kidney. Nephrology. General works
       See WJ310 for kidney diseases only

301       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology. Physiology. Abnormalities. Immunology

302   Diagnosis. Radiography. Pyelography. Monitoring. Biopsy
       See QY175 for kidney function tests

303   Urinary secretion. Anuria

310   Kidney diseases. General works

315   Renal manifestations of other diseases

320   Nursing care. Care of the renal patient in general

330   Nephrosis
       Include nephrotic syndrome

340   Kidney failure

341       Acute kidney failure
           Include Crush syndrome

342       Chronic kidney failure

343   Proteinuria. Albuminuria. Renal aminioaciduria

344   Haemoglobinuria. Haematuria. Myoglobinuria

348   Uraemia

351   Infections. Pyelitis. Pyelonephritis

353   Glomerular disease
       Include glomerular nephritis

356   Kidney calculi. Nephrocalcinosis

357   Cystic kidney. Polycystic kidney diseases

358   Neoplasms

360   Renal therapy. General works

368       Renal surgery. Kidney transplantation

378   Artificial kidney. Haemodialysis. Home dialysis

380   Peritoneal dialysis

385       Diet for dialysis patients

Ureter 400 Ureter. Include diseases and therapy

Bladder 500   Bladder. Include diseases. General works
       Include cystoscopy; cystoscopic surgery; urinary calculi; urilithiasis

504       Neoplasms

Urethra 600 Urethra. Include diseases and therapy

Male Genitalia 700   Male genitalia and genital diseases. General works. Classify here also works which include both male and female genitalia
       See WC140-190 for sexually transmitted diseases

701       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology

702       Physiology

709   Fertility. Sterility. Impotence. Erectile dysfunction
       See WP143 for gynaecological aspects; HQ200 for sexual problems in general

712   Disorders of sex development. Intersex
   See QS640 for physiology; HQ320 for gender identity; HM240 for gender roles; HQ120 for psychology of sex

715   Gender affirming surgery (bottom surgery, male-to-female). Classify works that cover both male-to-female and female-to-male gender affirming surgery (bottom surgery) at WP180

720   Surgery of male genitalia. General works

750   Prostate. Seminal vesicles. Ejaculatory ducts

752       Prostate diseases. Neoplasms

768       Surgery of prostate

780   Vas deferens. Spermatic cord. Vasectomy
       See HQ180 for general aspects of sexual sterilisation and WP690 for surgical
       sterilisation of women

790   Penis. Foreskin. Circumcision

800   Scrotum. Scrotal contents. Epididymis. Tunica vaginalis

830   Testis

834       Spermatogenesis. Spermatozoa

840       Cryptorchism. Cryptorchidism. Eunuchism and related disorders

858       Neoplasms of the testes

868           Surgery. Orchidectomy. Castration

875       Testicular hormones and antagonists

WK - Endocrine System. Endocrinology

Endocrine System. Endocrinology 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible.

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, faculties and departments

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Endocrinology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability etc

22   Directories

23   Laboratories. Institutes

25   Laboratory manuals

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunication technology

27   Health services. Hospitals. Clinics
       Include health services policy and planning




32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

100   Endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology. General works

101       Physiology. Anatomy, Biochemistry. Hormones, antihormones and antagonists

140   Diseases of endocrine glands in general. See below for specific glands

141       Diagnosis

150   Steroid hormones. General works

170   Gastrointestinal hormones

180   Renal hormones

185   Other hormones e.g. peptide hormones

187   Synthetic hormones. General works

190   Hormone therapy. General works
       Classify with specific diseases where possible

Parts of the System Classify with the specific part or disease where possible.

Thyroid Gland 200   Thyroid gland and its disorders. General works

201       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology. Abnormalities

202       Physiology. Biochemistry. Thyroid hormones and antagonists
           Include iodine metabolism, calcitonin

240   Thyroiditis

250   Hypothyroidism and related disorders

252       Congenital hypothyroidism. Myxoedema

259       Goitre

265   Hyperthyroidism. Exophthalmic goitre. Thyrotoxicosis. Graves’ Disease

270   Neoplasms. Cysts

275   Medical therapy of thyroid gland diseases and disorders

280       Surgery of the thyroid

Parathyroid Glands 300   Parathyroid glands. Include diseases and disorders and their therapy

302       Physiology and biochemistry
           Include hormones

Pineal Body 350 Pineal body. Include diseases and disorders and their therapy. Epiphysis cerebri.

355 Melatonin

Thymus Gland 400 Thymus gland. Include diseases and disorders and their therapy

Pituitary Gland 500   Pituitary gland. General works
       See WK550 for diseases

501       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology

502       Physiology. Biochemistry

506   Neuroendocrinology. Hypothalamo hypophyseal system

510   Adenohypophysis. Anterior pituitary gland

515   Hormones and antagonists, e.g. thyrotrophin simulating hormone, follicle simulating
   hormone, corticotropins. Growth hormones

520   Neurohypophysis. Posterior pituitary gland
       Include hormones and antagonists

550   Pituitary gland diseases and disorders. General works

560   Hypopituitarism

565   Diabetes insipidus

570   Hyperpituitarism

575   Acromegaly

585   Neoplasms

590   Therapy of diseases and disorders of the pituitary gland not mentioned above
       Include surgery

Adrenal Glands 700   Adrenal glands. General works
       See WK760 for diseases only

701       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology. Abnormalities

702       Physiology. Biochemistry

725   Adrenal medulla. Adrenaline. Noradrenaline. Catecholamines
       Include dopa and dopamine

750   Adrenal cortex

755   Corticosteroid. ACTH. Cortisone. Aldosterone

757       Synthetic substitutes

760   Diseases of the adrenal gland

765       Adrenal gland hypofunction

770       Adrenal gland hyperfunction. Include Cushing's syndrome

780       Neoplasms

Islets of Langerhans. Diabetes Mellitus 800   Islets of Langerhans. General works
       See WI800 for pancreas

801       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology. Physiology
           Include insulin as a natural product


810   Diabetes mellitus. General works.

810.2       Type 1 diabetes

810.5       Type 2 diabetes

812   Diabetic nursing. Care of the diabetic patient

815   Therapy. General works

818       Diet

819           Diet lists. Diabetic cookery

820       Insulin and its modifications in therapy. Include insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome x

825       Other hypoglycaemic agents in therapy

830   Diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetic coma

835   Complications of diabetes
       See WW550 for diabetic retinopathy

837       Diabetic foot

840   Diabetes as a complication of other conditions
       See WQ248 for diabetes in pregnancy

845   Diabetes in children

850   Popular works. Patients' manuals
       Include patient education

870   Non diabetic glycosuria

880   Hyperinsulinism. Hyperglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia

885   Insulinoma

Gonads 900   Gonads. Sex hormones. Gender-affirming hormone therapy (see WQ238 for complications of use during pregnancy). General works
       See also specific organs in WJ and WP

910   Gonadotrophin

920   Placental hormones. Include chorionic gonadotrophin. HCG treatment

WL - Nervous System. Neurology

Nervous System. Neurology 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible.

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments, faculties

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Neurology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability etc

22   Directories

23   Laboratories. Institutes

25   Laboratory manuals

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Neurological services. Health services. Hospitals and clinics
       Include health service policy and planning


32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

75   Popular works on any aspect of the nervous system except specific diseases    mentioned below

100   Neurology. Nervous system. General works
       Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases. See WL300 for
       diseases only

102   Neurology for other disciplines

105   Neuroanatomy. Anatomy and histology of the nervous system. General works
       For neurophysiology see WL200

107   Embryology and development of the nervous system

Anatomy and Physiology of Parts of the Nervous System 110   Neurons. Nerve cells and fibres. Axons and dendrites
       Include myelin sheath, neuroglia and ganglia

120   Central nervous system. Anatomy. General works
       See WL105 for general works on anatomy of the nervous system

122   Meninges
       Include dura membrane, arachnoid membrane, pia membrane, subarachnoid space, subdural space.

125   Cerebrospinal fluid

127   Blood supply of the central nervous system. Anatomy and physiology

130   Brain. General works on the anatomy and physiology of the brain as a whole

132       Higher centres
           Cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres. Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes, basal ganglia, limbic system, corpus striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus

135       Brain stem
           Include mesencephalon, hindbrain, medulla oblongata, reticular formation, substantia nigra, pons, cerebellum

140   Spinal cord
Include anatomy and physiology of nerve roots, spinal nerves and ganglia, musculocutaneous nerves

150   Peripheral nervous system. Anatomy. General works

160       Motor system. Pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems or tracts

170       Sensory systems
           Include only pain, touch, temperature, position and vibration
           See also WW for vision, WV for hearing, smell and taste

180       Cranial nerves
           Include facial and trigeminal nerves

190   Autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic and sympathetic. Heat regulation

195       Vagus nerve
           See WI380 for vagotomy

200   Neurophysiology. Physiology of the nervous system. General works
       Include synapses, reflex arc, neuronal plasticity, neuroimmunomodulation
       Classify physiology of a specific part with the anatomy of that part
       See WL700 for psychoneuroimmunology

210   Neurochemistry

215       Mechanism of drug action

220       Neurotransmitters.

230   Neuroimmunology

250   Neurological examination and diagnosis.

252       Neuroradiology. Cranial tomography. Angiograms. Brain mapping

254       Electroencephalography. EEG. Evoked potential

256       Ultrasound. Echoencephalography

258       Verbal tests, etc.

260       Lumbar puncture

265       Reflex tests

270   Neurologic manifestations and complications of other diseases, e.g. numbness, nausea


280   Paralysis. General works
       See WB600 for general works on physical impairment and chronic illness

282       Popular works

284       Paraplegia. Hemiplegia. Quadriplegia

285           Therapy

286           Nursing care and home care

288           Rehabilitation

Diseases and Disorders of the Nervous System 300   Diseases of nervous system as a whole. Neurological diseases. Neuropathology.
       Include all diseases not specified elsewhere

310   Congenital and degenerative diseases. Include ataxia, neuropathy, syringomyelia, neurofibromatosis

311       Friedreich's ataxia

312       Hydrocephalus

314       Motor neurone disease

315       Parkinson disease; Parkinsonism. General works.
           Include postencephalitic Parkinsonism

317           Popular works

318           Therapy
               Include drug therapy, L-Dopa and surgery

320       Huntington's disease. Huntington's chorea. General works

322           Popular works

330   Infections and inflammations of the nervous system
       See WC335 for leprosy; WC555 poliomyelitis; WC368 tetanus
       See WD720 for collagen diseases

332       Meningitis

334       Encephalitis

335       Abscess

336       Herpes zoster

338       Viral or prion diseases not specified elsewhere
   Include Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

340   Metabolic disorders

345       Polyneuritis. Polyneuropathy

350   Neoplasms of the nervous system

355       Therapy of neoplasms

360   Demyelinating diseases. General works
       See WW386 for optic neuritis

365       Multiple sclerosis. Disseminated sclerosis

367           Popular works

368           Therapy of multiple sclerosis
               Include diet

370   Poisoning and the nervous system. Iatrogenic disease

375   Drug-induced dyskinesia
       See also WM403 for psychiatric aspects

380   Movement disorders. Psychomotor disorders/agitation

Diseases of Parts of the Nervous System 400   Diseases of the brain. General works

405   Cerebrovascular disorders. General works

408   Aneurysms. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. Angioma

Cerebrovascular Accidents 410   Cerebrovascular accidents. Stroke. Thrombosis. Embolism. Brain haemorrhage

412       Popular works

415       Drug therapy

417       Surgery

420       Nursing care

421       Rehabilitation. General works

422           Physiotherapy

424           Speech therapy

426           Occupational therapy

432       Home nursing

435   Social and psychological consequences of cerebrovascular accidents

Cerebral Palsy 440   Cerebral palsy. General works

441       Prevention

442       Cerebral palsy in childhood

446       Popular works

450       Therapy and rehabilitation

452       Nursing and home care

456       Social and psychological effects. Effects on the family

Epilepsy 460   Epilepsy. General works

462       Popular works

465       Historical treatment

468       Epidemiology and aetiology

470       Epilepsy in childhood

475       Drug therapy

477       Other therapies, e.g. biofeedback

480       Psychiatric effects

485       Social and psychological effects. Effects on the family

Trauma 500   Trauma of the nervous system. General works

510   Brain injury

512       Concussion

514       Skull fracture

516       Chronic injury, e.g. caused by boxing

518       Missile and penetrating wounds

520       Therapy and management

524           Surgery

526       Nursing care

530       Chronic effects

532           Comatose patients. Include nursing care
               Include ethical considerations
               See WL732 for general works on coma

534           Social and psychological effects. Effects on the family

536       Rehabilitation
           Include physiotherapy and speech therapy

538   Brain death. Persistent vegetative state
       Include ethical, legal and practical aspects

540   Spinal cord injury and diseases. Include neural tube defects
       See WE475 for injuries to the spine; WL284 288 for paraplegia
       See WE480 for orthopaedic aspects of spina bifida

542       Crush injury

544       Penetrating injury

546       Concussion and contusion. Whiplash injuries

550       Management and therapy

552           Surgery

554       Nursing care

556       Chronic effects. Include social and psychological effects and effect on the family
           See WD280 for lipid metabolism and WB600 for physical impairment and chronic illness

558           Rehabilitation. Physiotherapy

560   Peripheral nerve injury and diseases

562       Acute trauma

564       Compression injury, e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome

568       Management, therapy and rehabilitation

Nerve Diseases 570   Cranial nerve diseases. General works
       See WL820 for trigeminal neuralgia

572       Tic

574       Bell's palsy

579       Bulbar palsy

590   Autonomic nerve diseases and disorders. General works

Neurological Therapy General works only. Classify with the specific disease where possible

600   Neurological therapy. General works

610       Drug therapy. Neuropharmacology

615       Rehabilitation. General works

620           Physiotherapy

622           Stimulation of the nerve pathways

624           Occupational therapy

630       Neurological surgery. Include neurological radiosurgery e.g gamma knife
           See QZ747 for radiosurgery in cancer

632           Microsurgery

634           Reattachment of nerves

640           Psychosurgery. Leucotomy. Lobotomy.
               Include ethical aspects

650   Neurological and neurosurgical nursing

Neuropsychology 700   Neuropsychology. Psychophysiology. Psychoneuroimmunology. Behavioural neuroscience. Psychobiology. Physiological psychology. Include neurological aspects and works written for the neurologist only
       See WLM 170 for psychological aspects; WK506 for neuroendocrinology; WL200 for neuroimmunomodulation; WL210-20 for neurochemistry


702   Neurological aspects of emotion and motivation

704   Neurological aspects of transmission of information, learning and decision making. Cognition disorders assessment (see WLM for cognition)
       Include apraxia / dyspraxia and prosopagnosia (face blindness)

706   Neurological aspects of memory

708       Amnesia

710   Neurological aspects of the aesthetic senses, e.g. music, art

712   Regulation and control of food intake. Hunger. Thirst. Appetite

714   Biofeedback. Control of autonomic functions

716   Laterality. Left and right handedness

Sleep 720   Sleep. Nature and function. General works

722       Dreams and dreaming
           See WM461 for psychoanalytical approach

724       Disturbances and disorders of sleep, e.g. sleepwalking, narcolepsy, sleep paralysis. Include sleep monitoring e.g. polysomnography
           See WS732 and WJ146 for enuresis
           See WF160 for respiratory aspect of sleep apnoea

726       Effects of drugs on sleep
           Include hypnotic drugs

Consciousness 730   Consciousness. General works

732   Coma and stupor
       See WL532 for comatose patients following brain injury

734   Blackouts and fainting. Syncope

736   Delirium (short on-set only)
       See WM221 for other forms of delirium

738   Other disorders of the normal conscious state, e.g. trance

740   Hypnosis. General works

742       Popular works

748       Hypnotic therapy
           Use for all subjects with hypnotherapy

Speech, Language and Reading Disorders Classify with the specific condition where possible, e.g. WL410 for stroke

750   Speech. Physiology. General works

752   Disorders of speech. Speech delay. Neurological aspects only
       Include assessment tests and diagnosis
See WV200 for general works on the larynx; WB570 for speech and language therapy; WS725/780 for speech therapy for children

       WI210 after glossectomy; WL424 in stroke

754       Voice disorders. Resonance
           See also WV200s for vocal cords and science of voice production

755       Rhythm disorders. Stuttering. Stammering

757       Articulation disorders. Dysarthria

758   Language disorders. Aphasia. Dysphasia

760   Reading. Neurophysiology. Agraphia. Alexia. Acquired dyslexia. General works. See WW850 for reading aids for visual impairment; WLN410 for dyslexia as a specific learning difficulty; WLN415 for education and dyslexia; WLN430 for dysgraphia.

Pain 800       Pain. General works and acute pain. Include pain perception; pain measurement; pain self assessment scales
See WL170 for sensory system anatomy; WL810 for chronic pain; WLM192 for psychological effects and modification of pain; WO192 for post-operative pain; WS416 for paediatric pain

805   Psychological aspects of pain. Psychological modification of pain

810   Persistent, chronic and intractable pain

815   Phantom limb syndrome
       See WE130 for amputation

820   Facial pain and neuralgia. Tic douloureux. Trigeminal neuralgia

825       Paraesthesia

830   Pain therapy. General works. Analgesia. Pain management. Include pain clinics
       See QZ865 and WT640 for pain relief in cancer and terminal care respectively
       See WO192 for post-operative pain

832       Drug therapy

834       Electrical stimulation and other physical methods. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
           Include acupuncture for pain relief, but see WB850 for general works

836       Surgical relief

840   Headache, include therapy

845       Popular works

850   Migraine, include therapy

852       Popular works

WLM - Psychology

Psychology 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible.

15   Classification. Nomenclature. Terminology

16   Tables. Statistics.

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a particular subject with the subject

21   Careers in psychology
       See WLM900 for occupational psychology; WLM920 for clinical psychology

22   Directories

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

35   Professional problems

36   Ethics

37   Psychologist client relations

100   Psychology. General works
       See WS200 for child development

105   Popular works

120   Psychology in relation to other disciplines
       See WLM925 for psychology and medicine, psychological treatments

125   Comparative psychology
       Include studies in animal psychology carried out to illuminate aspects
       of human psychological processes

128   Cross cultural studies

130   Experimental psychology. Equipment. General works

145   Tests. Measurements. Assessment scales
       Classify works concerned with measurement of a particular attribute with
       the attribute, e.g. intelligence tests at WLM420
       Classify assessment scales for mental disorders with the disorder in WM
       See WLM325 for personality tests

Human Psychological Processes
150   Human behaviour. Human psychological processes. General works
       Include influencing factors and determinants

160   Environmental, physical and social factors
       Include instinct, imprinting
       Include harmful factors, e.g. imprisonment, solitary confinement, punishment

165       Effects of war.
See also PTSD at WM174
For military psychiatry and combat disorder see WM110

170   Biological and physiological factors. Psychobiology.
       Include only works concerned with humans, e.g. effects of damage and illness
       See WL700 for neurological aspects

175       Genetics. Heredity. Genetic determinism
           Include twin studies, works on social behaviour and comparative studies
           with animals
           See HM106 for sociological aspects

180   Mind body relationships. Psychophysiological assessment and measurement

Sensation. Perception. Sensory Processes Use only for psychological aspects. Physiological studies should be placed with
the sense or organ concerned

190   Sensation. Perception. General works

191   Stimulus and response
       See WL805 for psychological aspects of pain

194   Perceptual processes. General works
       See WW110 for visual perception; WV574 for psychology of hearing; WL805 for
       psychology of pain; WL752 for speech; WI210 for taste

197       Touch

198       Sensory deprivation

199   Psychomotor processes. Sensory motor processes. Skill. Co ordination.
   Modification of motor processes

Emotions. Motivation. Feelings 200   Emotions. Motivation. General works
       See WL702 for neurological aspects. For sexual aspects see HQ

205   Biological basis of emotion

210   Social aspects of emotion. Emotional intelligence
       Include manifestations e.g. crying

215   Depression
       See WM171 for depressive illness

220   Grief. Bereavement. Mourning. Loss
       See WT600-610 for works covering death and bereavement and works for
       health professionals in helping roles; HQ560 for general works on widowhood

222   Anger, including anger management. Irritability. Rage

224   Hatred. Hostility

225   Loneliness. Shyness

226   Jealousy

227   Fear. Include suspicious and paranoid ideation.

228   Stress. Frustration. Anxiety. Conflict. Include occupational stress. Include resilience. Workplace trauma.
       See WM172 for anxiety as a mental illness
       See WA228 for stress in the medical profession

229   Relaxation. Meditation
       Include relaxation therapy and techniques

230   Aggression. Violence. Bullying
       See WM38 for violent psychiatric patients and WA60 for violent patients in
       general; WX424 for bullying in the workplace, WS342 for bullying amongst
       children

232   Guilt. Shame. Embarrassment. Regret

250   Love

255   Pleasure. Happiness. Positive psychology

260   Humour. Laughter

270   Sociability. Friendship. Attachment as adults. Include pets
See also WLM812 for interpersonal interaction
See WM468 for object attachment in psychoanalysis, WS245 for attachment in child psychology

272   Empathy. Sympathy

Personality. Character. Temperament 300   Personality. General works
       See WM469 for psychoanalytic aspects of personality; WM190-WM196 for
       personality disorders

305   Popular works
       Include works on success and achievement, e.g. self improvement and self
       development

310   Psyche. Self concept. Personal identity

325   Personality measures, tests and inventories
       See WX405 for psychometric testing in the work environment
       See WLM145 for psychological tests in general



340   Personal construct theory. Repertory grid technique
       See WM530 for therapy based on these techniques

350   Personality traits and characteristics, e.g. introversion

Cognitive Processes. Cognition. Intellect 400   Cognition. Intellect, Problem solving skills. Neurolinguistic programming (NLP).
       Classify with subject where appropriate e.g WM520 for NLP in psychotherapy, WX224 for NLP in business, WX405 for NLP in management, WX432 for NLP in coaching

405   Popular works

410   Ability. Intelligence

415       Aptitude testing

420       Intelligence tests and scales

440   Imagination. Creativity. Fantasy. Play. Intuition.
       See WS255 for imagination and play in childhood

450   Thinking. Thought. Reasoning. Knowledge

452   Will. Decision making

453       Habit formation. Include purposeful habits; imitative behaviour; obsessive behaviour; compulsive behaviour
           See WL572 for tics; WM172.5 for obsessive compulsive disorder

454       Training of the will. Self discipline
           See WLM229 for meditation

455   Moral judgment. Personal autonomy
       Include deception, lying

460   Memory

470   Learning
       See L150 for educational psychology

475       Comprehension. Understanding

477       Attention

480       Learning methods
           See L56 for learning styles and methods in education

485       Conditioning

487       Reinforcement

488       Rewards. Punishment

Parapsychology 500 Parapsychology

Lifespan Psychology 700 Lifespan psychology. Life change events. General works

Social Psychology See also HM for sociological aspects

800   Social psychology. General works

805   Popular works

810   Socialisation. Social interaction. Social learning. Social skills training, general
   works
       See WM675, WM876 and WS230 for specific groups

812   Interpersonal interaction. Include personal space
       See WLM270 for friendship, adult attachment
       See WM490 for transactional analysis (TA) as a psychoanalytic technique;
       WX405 for applications in human resource management

814       Assertiveness. Psychological power
           See WLM839 for social control

816       Communication skills

820   Group psychology. Social groups. Organisations. Communities. Group
   dynamics and processes. Include peer pressure

Psychology of Particular Social Groups 821   Social nonconformists
       Include those who are perceived as ‘misfits' as well as those who deliberately
       choose an unconventional lifestyle
       See HM260 for sociology of sub-cultures and communities

822   Criminals
       See HM420 for social aspects of criminality; WM700-770 for psychiatric
       aspects

824   Others, e.g. hostages, survivors, victims
       See WM174 for post traumatic stress disorders; W410 for disasters and
       disaster planning; HM426 for sociological aspects of victims of crime; HM435
       for kidnapping

825   Crowd psychology

Social Roles. Social Attitudes 835   Social roles

839   Informal methods of social control, e.g. propaganda, social mores. Include psychological warfare; persuasive communication.
       See HM275 for sociological aspects

850   Attitudes. Opinions. Prejudices

855       Moral values

870   Language and communication

872       Psycholinguistics

875       Nonverbal communication. Include lie detection

880       Mass media

892   Psychology and religion
       Include superstition

895   Psychology and women. Psychology and men
       Include critiques of psychology from a gender-based viewpoint
       Classify gender issues in mental illness at WM31
       See HM240-250 for gender roles in general

Applied Psychology 900   Occupational and industrial psychology. General works
       W300 for occupational health

905       Psychology of work
           See also WX405 for behavioural science in management

910       Psychological aspects of redundancy and unemployment
           See HM230 for sociological aspects

920   Clinical psychology as a profession

925   Psychology in relation to medicine and illness
       Include psychology for psychiatrists
       See also WA7 for individual’s attitude to health and health behaviour

WLN - Neurodiversity. Autism. ADHD. Specific Learning Difficulties

Neurodiversity. Autism. ADHD. Specific Learning Difficulties 11 History of neurodiversity. Include histories of health services and hospitals, and non-current legislation

20 Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice.
Classify research on a particular subject with the subject. For research in learning disabilities see WM828.

33 Discussion of laws. Include the committal procedure and guardianship and mental capacity

Neurodiversity Neurodiversity is an umbrella term describing a variation in neuro-cognition and represents diversity of brain function where each individual has a unique nervous system with a unique combination of abilities and needs.
A neurodivergent person is any person whose brain patterns are different and distinct from common workings in the general population. This can affect social, emotional, and learning needs. It may present as autism and ADHD. Other conditions are sometimes considered neurodivergences, for example dyslexia.
Unless otherwise specified at WLN140-155, classify works on children and adolescents with the specific topic.
For autism see WLN200-290. For ADHD see WLN300-350. For specific learning difficulties (SpLD) see WLN400-440. For learning disabilities see WM800-893. For obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) see WM172.5. For Tourette Syndrome see WS720.

100   General works about neurodiversity and topics not specified below. Include works covering co-occuring neurodiversities. For works about children and adolescents, see WLN140. Classify works covering both neurodiversity and learning disabilities at WM800-893.
       See WLN285 for co-occuring ADHD and autism (AuADHD)

105   Popular works, biographical accounts and lived experience, including works about children and adolescents.

110    Self-care for neurodivergent people. Includes works on self-advocacy.

115   Interpersonal communication and relationships, including works for neurodivergent people.

120   Sensory processing disorder. Sensory integration difficulties. Sensory integration therapy.
       See WLN260 for works specific to autism

130   Professional care of neurodivergent people, including psychological therapies. Include assessment and diagnosis. Patient advocacy. Include education and training of professional carers.

140   Neurodiversity in children and adolescents. General works and topics not specified elsewhere.

145       Professional care of neurodivergent children and adolescents.

150       Parenting and informal care of neurodivergent children and adolescents.

155   Self-care for neurodivergent children and adolescents. Interpersonal communication and relationships in neurodivergent children and adolescents.

165   Education, learning and study skills for neurodivergent people, including children and adolescents. Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SENDS)
       See WLN275 for autistic people
       See WLN330 for ADHD
       See WLN415 for dyslexia
       See WS518 for education of disabled and chronically ill children

170   Neurodiversity in the workplace including management and support of neurodivergent employees. Include works aimed at neurodivergent employees. Include discrimination against neurodivergent persons in the workplace
       See WLN280 for autism in the workplace
       See WX422 for equality, diversity and inclusion in the workplace in general

175   Sociological aspects. Attitudes to neurodivergent people. Include discrimination and all forms of abuse.
       See WLN170 for discrimination in the workplace. See WLN240 for discrimination against autistic people. See WM821 for discrimination against people with learning disabilities.

180   Mental health conditions in neurodivergent people. Physical health conditions and disabilities in neurodivergent people.
       See WLN285 for mental and physical health conditions in autistic people
       See WLN350 for mental health conditions in ADHD

Autism Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition affecting the way you see and interact with the world. The condition is a spectrum which affects individuals differently, including those who can live and work independently. Some autistic people experience learning difficulties/disabilities or co-occurring health conditions that require specialist support.
Unless otherwise specified at WLN215-230, classify works on children and adolescents with the specific topic. Classify works covering both autism and learning disabilities at WM800-893.

200   Autism. General works and topics not specified below.
Include works on causation and specific types of autism.

205   Popular works, biographical accounts and lived experience.

210   Self-care for autistic people. Includes works on self-advocacy.

215    Autism in children and adolescents. General works and topics not specified below.

220   Professional care of autistic children and adolescents

225     Parenting and informal care of autistic children and adolescents

230   Self-care for autistic children and adolescents. Interpersonal communication and relationships in autistic children and adolescents.

240   Attitudes to autistic people. Include discrimination and all forms of abuse.
   See WLM280 for works on discrimination in the workplace.

245   Assessment and diagnosis

250     Professional care of autistic people, including nursing, psychology and management of distressed behaviour. Include specific therapeutic models. Include education and training of professional carers. Include patient advocacy. Health, community and social care services for autistic people.

255   Communication and interpersonal interaction. Include social camouflaging and masking. Social skills training in autism. Independent living skills. Mutism. Echolalia. Alexithymia. Include works for autistic people.
See WB570-585 for general works on speech and language therapy.

260    Sensory processing disorder in autism. Sensory integration therapy in autism. Sensory stimulation, including self-stimulation and ‘stimming’.
See WLN120 for sensory processing disorder or sensory integration therapy in neurodiversity in general

265     Personal relationships. Marriage. Sexuality and gender identity. Sexual health.

270    Pregnancy and childbirth. Parenthood and parenting skills (by autistic adults).
   For parenting of autistic children, see WLN225

275   Education, learning and study skills for autistic people. Special educational needs and disabilities (SENDS).
See WS518 for education of disabled and chronically ill children

280   Training and employment, including support for autistic people in the workplace. Include works on discrimination in the workplace
       See WX422 for equality, diversity and inclusion in the workplace in general

285   Mental health conditions in autistic people. Co-occuring ADHD and autism (AuADHD). Physical health conditions and disabilities in autistic people.
   See WLN180 for mental and physical health conditions in neurodivergent people in general

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), related to attention deficit disorder (ADD), is described as a behavioural condition and sometimes considered a specific learning difficulty (SpLD). ADHD can present as inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness, which can impact day-to-day functioning and/or development. Symptoms of ADHD may improve as individuals get older or with prescribed medication.
Unless otherwise specified at WLN320-325, classify works on children and adolescents with the specific topic.

300   Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). General works and topics not specified below. Include works on attention deficit disorder (ADD).
       For co-occuring autism and ADHD (AuADHD) see WLN285.

305   Popular works, biographical accounts and lived experience.

310   Self-care for people with ADHD. Includes works on self-advocacy and interpersonal relationships

320   In children and adolescents. Include works on professional care of children and adolescents.

325       Parenting and informal care of children and adolescents with ADHD

330   Education, learning support and study skills for people with ADHD

350   Mental health conditions in people with ADHD. Physical health conditions and disabilities in people with ADHD.

Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLD) A specific learning difficulty (SpLD), affects the way information is received, processed and recalled, and is a difference or difficulty with particular aspects of learning. They are neurological rather than psychological and occur independently of intelligence. Some people may exhibit signs of more than one specific learning difficulty. A person with a specific learning difficulty may require information to be presented differently to the traditional way, to support their learning.

Do not confuse with learning disability, which is a reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities. Note that internationally, terminology differs and the term ‘learning disability’ is often used for specific learning difficulty, while ‘intellectual disability’ is used for learning disability. For learning disabilities see WM800-893.

Classify popular works, biographical accounts, lived experiences and self-help works with the topic. Classify works about children and adolescents with the topic.

400   Specific learning difficulties (SpLD). General works and works covering more than one specific learning difficulty.

410   Dyslexia.
           For Alexia and Acquired Dyslexia see WL760

415       Education, learning support and study skills for people with dyslexia

420   Dyscalculia

430   Dysgraphia

440   Dyspraxia. Developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD)

WM - Psychiatry. Mental Health

Psychiatry. Mental Health See WS700-785 for child psychiatry and WT200-250 for mental health in old age

1   Societies

11   History of psychiatry. Include histories of mental hospitals

12   Non current legislation and discussions of legislation. Use for 19th century and superseded 20th century legislation and later acts which have been repealed.
       See WM32 for current legislation

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only.
       Classify with specific aspect where possible

15   Classification. Nomenclature, e.g. DSM, ICD-10

16   Tables. Statistics. Epidemiology of mental illness

18   Education and training in psychiatry. Include educational materials for both teaching and study for undergraduate and postgraduate training.

19       Schools and colleges

19.5       Continuing education in psychiatry

20   Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice.
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Mental health careers and professions. Psychiatry as a profession
       See WLM920 for clinical psychology

22   Directories relating to psychiatry

23   Institutes, e.g. Institute of Psychiatry. Research institutes

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Mental health services. Include health service policy and planning
27.5   Liaison psychiatry. Involvement of mental health professionals in care of patients
   in general hospitals and other non-psychiatric settings. Liaison psychiatric nursing

28   Hospitals, psychiatric wards. Include descriptive accounts of hospital life. Include move to community-based services and the closure of hospitals, the impact on patients and delivery of service.
       See WM11 for the history of psychiatric hospitals

29   Halfway houses. Hostels
See WM670 for rehabilitation facilities; HV280 for residential accommodation; HV900s for housing; WB680 for residential care for disabled and chronically ill; WL860-64 for learning disabled; WT380 for nursing/residential homes

Community and Primary Care Services 30   Community mental health services. Multidisciplinary mental health teams. Include support systems for the family. Include early intervention, home treatment.
       See WM35 for community psychiatric nursing. See WM748 for community care for offenders. See WM401 for crisis intervention

30.2       Assertive outreach programmes

30.5       Mental health in primary care

30.6       Psychiatric outpatients and services

Causative Factors in Mental Illness 31   Socioeconomic and environmental factors in mental illness. Include institutional neurosis. Include social support, life events and gender issues in mental illness. Prison psychiatry. Include works on prison-induced psychosis and the prevalence and treatment of psychiatric conditions in the general prison population. Include occupational health aspects of mental illness e.g. mental illness brought on by the working environment, stress at work etc.
       See WLM895 for gender issues in psychology; WM700-770 for forensic
psychiatry; WM743 for prison psychiatry for mentally disordered offenders; WM110 for military psychiatry

31.1       Ethnic and cross-cultural psychiatry
           For religious aspects see WM51

31.2       Biological and biochemical factors in mental illness. Include biological psychiatry as a specialty

31.3       Genetic factors in mental illness

Aspects of Provision for Mental Illness 31.5   Preventive measures in psychiatry. Include mental health status in the population

32   Laws and regulations. Use only for the Acts and Regulations themselves. Commentaries go in WM33
See WM12 for 19th and superseded 20th century legislation. See WM732 for legislation on mentally ill offenders; WM272.5 for legislation on drug abuse; WM274.8 for legislation on alcohol use and abuse; WM805 for legislation relating to learning disability

33       Discussion of laws
           Include the committal procedure and guardianship and mental capacity

34       Failures in service provision and practice. Malpractice. Committees of Inquiry and tribunals. Include occurrences related to forensic psychiatry.
           See WM834 for malpractice and Committees of Inquiry relating to learning disability

35   Psychiatric nursing. Mental health nursing.    Include community psychiatric nursing. Use for general textbooks

36       Nursing process in psychiatric nursing. Include care planning, psychiatric assessment and nursing technique

37       Nurse patient relations
           See WM34 for malpractice by nurses of mentally ill patients and WM834 for malpractice relating to the learning disabled

38   Violent psychiatric patients
       See WA60 for violent patients in general

40   Psychiatric case histories, personal stories, biographies and autobiographies

49   Art and literature related to psychiatry. Symbolic case histories (e.g. Electra, Hamlet, Oedipus, Don Juan etc.) Use for the works created by the artists and writers, poets etc which describe or relate to mental illness

51   Religion and psychiatry. Include works on spirituality and mysticism, effect of religious faith on mental health
       For writings by psychotherapists on religion, see the particular psychotherapist, e.g. Freud

55   Long stay patients
       See WT380 for nursing/residential homes

60   Psychiatric social work
       See also WM30 for mental health teams including health and social personnel

61   Pastoral care by a chaplain or other acknowledged religious leader.
       For spiritual therapy as a healing technique see WM600

62   Psychiatrist patient relations. Ethics, attitudes
       See WM34 for malpractice

64   Referral and consultation. Include communication skills

65   Patient satisfaction. Attitude and compliance. Include patient advocacy and participation
       See WA70-85 for these concepts in general medicine; WM835 for advocacy for the learning disabled

70   Social effects of mental illness on patients, families and public attitudes.    Include quality of life
       See WM670 for rehabilitation of the patient; WM203.6 for social effects of schizophrenia

75   Popular works on mental health problems

80   Physical health of the mentally ill. Include physical illnesses which impact on their mental health, treatments which may have an impact on their mental health and other works on the effect of physical illness in the mentally ill

Mental Disorders 90   Somatoform disorders. Psychosomatic disorders. General or not listed
   elsewhere. Psychophysiologic disorders. Include psychological factors affecting physical condition e.g. in obesity

95   Functional neurological disorder. Conversion disorder. Alteration or loss of physical function through psychological pressures

97   Hypochondria. Somatisation disorder. The unintentional production of symptoms
   for an organic illness which is not present. Somatoform pain disorder

98   Factitious disorder imposed on self. Fabricated or induced illness by carers. Where the patient is intentionally producing the symptoms they display but cannot control their behaviour, or where a carer is fabricating or inducing illness in the person in their care. Previously known as Munchausen syndrome or Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Fabricated or induced illness by carers is also considered child abuse, see WS360

100   Mental disorders and psychiatric illness. General works. Include psychopathy and abnormal psychology
For works on psychiatry as a profession see WM21. See WL724 for sleep disorders; HQ200-390 for sexual problems; WS700-785 for child psychiatry and WT200-240 for mental health in old age

110   Military psychiatry. Include combat disorder.
See WB105 for military medicine in general; WX800-825 for military health services; WLM165 for psychological effects of war; WM174 for general works on post-traumatic stress disorder

120   Conditions first diagnosed in childhood manifesting in adulthood. General works
   and those not listed below.
See WS700-785 for works covering childhood only; for dyslexia see WLM410; for ADHD see WLN300-350.

Diagnosis and Symptoms 141   Psychiatric diagnosis. Include history taking, outcome measures, etc
       See WM15 for classification of diagnosis and WLM145 for psychological tests

145       Psychiatric rating scales, assessment tools etc. Include Bender-Gestalt test; Cattell personality factor questionnaire; MMPI; neuropsychological tests; projective techniques; Rorschach test; word association tests

148       Behavioural symptomatology. Works on all symptoms of psychological disturbance including those where mental illness might not be implicated. Include hearing voices etc, but see WM200-207 for works on psychosis only.
           Classify specific symptoms with related disorders e.g. anxiety, depression

Neuroses and Impulse Control Disorders 150   Neuroses. Adjustment disorders. General works

160   Impulse control disorders. Addictive behaviour. General and not specified. Include kleptomania.
       Do not confuse with obsessive-compulsive disorder, see WM172.5. See HM447 for shoplifting as a crime; WM270 for substance related addiction

162       Compulsive gambling

165        Digital technology addiction, excessive or problem use. Effects of digital technology use on mental health. Include use of the internet, AI, social media, smartphones, wearable technology, gaming and binge-watching. Include works on reducing digital technology use (e.g. digital detox) and the psychology of digital technology use.
See WS752 in children and adolescents; QA317 for social and political aspects of internet and social media use
See specific conditions where appropriate e.g. body dysmorphia and social media use at WM179

167       Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder. Sex addiction. Pornography addiction.
               See HQ410 for pornography in general
See WS753 for pornography addiction in children
               See WS753A for pornography addiction in adolescents
               See WS362 for child abuse aspects of child pornography

Affective Disorders
170   Affective disorders. Mood disorders. General works or not specified for non-
   psychotic disorders
       See WM207 for bipolar disorder

171   Depressive disorders. Dysthymia
   See WLM215 for depression as a normal reaction; WM207 for bipolar syndrome

172   Anxiety disorders. Panic attacks. Generalised anxiety disorders
       See WLM228 for anxiety as an emotion

172.5       Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hoarding disorder.
           Do not confuse with impulse control disorders; see WM160-162. See WM193 for obsessive compulsive personality; WLM453 for compulsive and obsessive behaviour

173       Phobias, e.g. agoraphobia, claustrophobia, animal phobias etc

174   Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Include Complex PTSD.
       See WM110 for combat stress disorder. See also WB105 for general aspects of military medicine

175   Eating disorders. Appetite disorders. General and not specified
       See WS738 for childhood eating disorders

177       Anorexia nervosa

178       Bulimia nervosa

179   Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Body dysmorphia. Muscle dysmorphia and ‘bigorexia’.

Dissociative Disorders 180   Dissociative disorders. (Sudden temporary alterations in the normally integrative functions of consciousness).
       Include psychogenic fugue and psychogenic amnesia
       See WL708 for neurological aspects of amnesia; WM220 for amnesia in
       organic mental disorder

184       Depersonalisation disorder. (State in which an individual perceives or experiences a sensation of unreality concerning the self or the environment)

186       Dissociative identity disorder. (A dissociative disorder in which the individual adopts two or more distinct personalities)

190   Personality disorders. (Chronic mental disorders in which there has been an insidious development of a permanent and unshakeable delusional system (persecutory delusions or delusions of jealousy), accompanied by preservation of clear and orderly thinking). General or not specified
       See WM205 for paranoid personality; WM203 for schizoid personality

193       C cluster. Avoidant. Dependent. Obsessive-compulsive. Passive-aggressive

196       B cluster. Antisocial. Borderline. Histrionic. Narcissistic

Psychoses 200   Psychoses. General or not specified

203   Schizophrenia. Schizoid personality. General works and areas not specified
   below

203.1       Biological and biochemical factors in aetiology

203.2       Genetic factors in aetiology

203.3       Epidemiology and other factors in aetiology

203.4       Therapy. General works. Include services and nursing

203.5           Drug therapy

203.6       Social effects of schizophrenia. Rehabilitation

203.7       Effects on the family

204   Cognition and perceptual disorders associated with psychoses

205   Delusional (paranoid) disorders
       See WM200 for organic delusional disorder

207   Bipolar disorder. Manic depressive syndrome
       See WM171 for depressive disorders; WLM215 for depression as a normal reaction

Mental Disorders with a Medical Cause (Previously Organic Mental Disorders)

220   Mental disorders with a medical cause. General works and those not specified
See WL338 for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and variants; WL510 for brain injury; WL736 for delirium; WL708 for neurological aspects of amnesia; WM274.2 for delirium tremens; WS700-785 for disorders with a childhood onset

221   Dementia (all forms and all age groups; include Alzheimer’s disease). General works and those not specified

224   Professional and informal caregiving in dementia/Alzheimer’s disease. General works and those not specified

225   Experience of dementia/Alzheimer’s disease: descriptions, patient accounts, popular works.


230   Communication disorders. Speech language pathology.
For neurologic aspects (including acquired dyslexia) see WL760; for dyslexia see WLN410; for aphasia see WL758

Self Harm and Suicide 245   Self harm. Self mutilation. Include stereotypic behaviour
       See WM837 for stereotypic behaviour in learning disability

250   Suicide and attempted suicide
       Include suicide prevention

Substance Misuse 265   Popular works on substance misuse

268   Dual diagnosis of substance abuse and mental disorder

270   Substance misuse and dependence. For works covering drug misuse only and general works covering all substances. General works and substances not mentioned below. Include detection and screening. Include drug users.
       See WM403 for problems associated with psychotropic drugs

270.5       Physiological aspects. Withdrawal symptoms. Include substance-induced psychoses

271       Psychological aspects of substance misuse

271.5       Social aspects of substance misuse

272       Societies, agencies and organisations related to substance misuse. Include policies and plans on substance misuse reduction

272.5       Legislation and criminology

273       Therapy, include rehabilitation. Include health promotion aspects, e.g. needle exchange schemes

Alcohol Misuse 274   Alcohol dependence and abuse
       See WM270 for works which cover both drug and alcohol abuse

274.2       Physiological aspects, withdrawal symptoms. Delirium tremens

274.4       Psychological aspects of alcohol misuse

274.5       Social aspects of alcohol misuse

274.6       Societies, agencies and organisations relating to alcohol misuse. Include policies and plans on reduction of alcohol misuse

274.8       Legislation and criminology.

275       Therapy and rehabilitation. Include health promotion aspects

Misuse of Particular Substances 276   Cannabis

280   Cocaine. Crack cocaine

286   Opium and opioids in general

288   Heroin

294   The use of natural plant products for mind-altering experiences; e.g. fungi, khat

297   LSD and other synthetic hallucinogens

298   Designer drugs and abuse of drugs intended for another purpose e.g. ecstasy, amphetamines, crystal meth, ketamine, Miaow Miaow

299   Abuse of substances legal in other contexts e.g. glue and solvent abuse

Sexual Dysfunctions 300   Paedophilia. Include incestuous paedophilia.
       See WS 362-5 for works on victims of paedophilia and the effects of abuse on them while children. Works on the abusers should go at WM764

305       Victims of paedophilia when adults. Psychological effects

310   Incest. Use for non-consensual incest between adults (over 16 years old).
       Put incest between adults and children at WM300

312       Victims of incestuous relationships other than abused children. Put children born of an incestuous relationship and the impact on them here

315   Incest between consenting adults

320   Fetishism (non-legal or non-consensual). Paraphilic disorders.
       See HQ 350 for legal and consensual fetishism

Therapy for Mental Disorders 400   Psychiatric therapy. General works

400.5   Psychiatric intensive care

401   Emergency psychiatric services. Crisis resolution and home treatment.
       Include works on victims of rape and other crimes

402   Drug therapy. Use of psychotropic drugs
       See QV77 for pharmacological aspects

403       Problems associated with psychotropic drugs

405   Physical therapies. Physiotherapy. Exercise. Note that ECG is a physical therapy.
       See WL640 for psychosurgery

410       Historical therapies now discredited e.g. shock therapy (not ECG) insulin therapy, fever therapy

412       Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Electronarcosis

420   Psychotherapies and methods of change. General works only and those not mentioned below WM450-585
       See WM500 for behavioural psychotherapy methods. See WS760-70 for psychotherapy for children; WT230 for psychotherapy in the aged

430       Family therapy as a psychotherapeutic technique.
           See WM546 for counselling as a psychotherapeutic technique; HQ690 for family therapy as a counselling technique

Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapies Psychoanalysis

450   Psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. General works
See WS770 for child psychoanalysis; WM490 for psychodynamic psychotherapy

452   Freud and his theories. Include biography, letters and collected works
       See also WM460 486

454   Jung and his theories. Include biography, letters and collected works

456   Adler and his theories. Include biography, letters and collected works

458   Klein and her theories. Include biography, letters and collected works

459   Other important psychoanalysts not mentioned above

Concepts in Psychoanalysis See also WM490 & 495 for general works on psychoanalytic methods and interpretation
See WLM for the psychology of these concepts

460   Creativity

461   Dreams. Symbolism. Fantasy
       See WL722 for neurological aspects

462   Ego. Self. Narcissism

463   Existentialism

464   Extraversion. Introversion. Psychological types

468   Object attachment

469   Personality

470       Defence mechanisms in personality. General and those not mentioned below

472           Denial

473           Displacement

475           Projection

477           Regression

478           Repression. Hysteria. False memory

479           Sublimation

482   Morals. Super ego

484   Sexual behaviour. Freudian and other psychoanalytical approach only
       See HQ for other works on the psychology of sexual behaviour

486   Unconscious. Id

Types of Psychotherapy 490   Psychoanalytic methods and therapy e.g. transactional analysis (TA). Include psychodynamic psychotherapy. Include transference and counter-transference
       See WLM812 for general works on TA and WX405 for applications in
management

495       Psychoanalytic interpretation

498   Education and training in psychotherapy. Include supervision, mentoring etc.

500   Behavioural psychotherapy methods. Behaviour modification. Behaviour therapy.
   General works

505       Cognitive behavioural methods. Cognitive analytic therapy. Cognitive therapy. Rational emotive therapy. Schema therapy. Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)

507       Mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

510   Therapy arising from experimental analysis behaviour, e.g. Skinner. Include operant methods

520   Neurolinguistic programming, mentalisation, narrative therapy
       See WLM400 for psychological aspects of neurolinguistic programming; WX405 for personnel management aspects of neurolinguistic programming

525   Brief therapy. Any form of psychotherapy designed to produce therapeutic change within a minimal amount of time, gener¬ally not more than 20 sessions

530   Personal construct therapy
       See WLM340 for underlying theory

540   Client centred therapy, e.g. Rogers

544   Encounter groups, T groups. Include games

546   Counselling as a technique in psychotherapy
       See HV112 for works directed at non-psychotherapist counsellors

550   Gestalt therapy. A form of psychotherapy with emphasis on the interplay of organism and environment

570   'Growth' movement. Bioenergetics. Consciousness raising

575   Reality therapy; systemic therapy
       For systemic family therapy see WM430

580   Group therapy. Include works in which the emphasis is on the group and not the type of therapy
       See WM430 for family, marital and couples therapy

585   Therapeutic community. Social therapy

Special Types of Therapy in Mental Health 600   Special types of therapy. General works and those not mentioned below. Include works covering all the expressive and sensory arts. Include spiritual therapy
       See WB560-5 & 590 for works on arts therapies in physical medicine

605       Animal assisted therapy. Therapy animals.

610       Art therapy

620       Music therapy

630       Psychodrama


632       Dance therapy

635   Speech therapy related to mental illness


640   Occupational therapy and units in psychiatry

650       Industrial therapy and units. Sheltered workshops for the mentally ill

660       Other forms of occupational therapy for the mentally ill

670   Rehabilitation techniques and centres, including recovery colleges. Recovery as a concept in mental health
       See WM203.6 for recovery and rehabilitation in schizophrenia

675   Social skills training in mental illness

Forensic Psychiatry Classify here works covering mentally abnormal offenders only. This includes people with mental illness and with learning disabilities.
See HM for works covering criminal behaviour in general

700   Forensic psychiatry. General works

710   Assessment of offenders. Concept of responsibility

715       Expert testimony. Medical testimony

716   Tables. Statistics in forensic psychiatry

720   Research in forensic psychiatry

732   Legislation, e.g. M'Naghten Rules (1843)

734   Multidisciplinary teams in forensic psychiatry

735   Techniques of forensic psychiatric nursing

736   Staff patient relations
       See WM34 for malpractice, Committees of Inquiry etc

740   Special hospitals, e.g. Broadmoor

743   Prison psychiatry with mentally ill and learning disabled offenders
       See WM31 for works on general prison psychiatry

745   Secure units including units within psychiatric hospitals

748   Community care for mentally ill offenders

750   Therapies for mentally disturbed offenders

760   Mentally disturbed and learning disabled offenders. General works
       See WM34 for Committees of Inquiry

761       Violent criminals
           See HM430 for sociological aspects; WS360 for child abuse

762           Murderers
               See HM432 for sociological aspects

764           Sex offenders. Include rapists and stalkers
               See HM434 for sociological aspects; HM436 for stalkers; WS362-365 for child sexual abuse; WM300 for paedophilia

768       Other mentally disturbed offenders. Include pyromania and firesetting
           See HM440 for arson as a crime.

770       Juvenile mentally disturbed offenders
           See WS340-355 for juvenile anti-social behaviour in general

Learning Disability See WS600-698 for works applying to children only; WT250 for learning disability in old age

800   Learning disability. General works include history

802   Directories. Guides to services in learning disability

804   Information and advisory services in learning disability

805   Legislation relating to learning disability

810   Careers in learning disability

812       Education and training for learning disability personnel. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

815   Care of people with learning disabilities. Include all forms of professional care e.g. nursing

816   Statistics. Epidemiology in learning disability

820   Accounts of daily life. Biography and autobiography. Popular works

821   Public attitudes to learning disability. Include discrimination and all forms of abuse    Include crimes against people with learning disabilities.

828   Case studies. Research in learning disability

830   Staff patient relationships

831       Ethics in learning disability. Use for aspects such as consent, especially to contraception or sterilisation

834       Malpractice in learning disability
           Include abuse of learning disabled by staff and Committees of Inquiry
           See WM34 for general works on psychiatric malpractice and Committees of Inquiry

835   Advocacy for the learning disabled. Attitude and compliance by the learning disabled to their care and treatment.
       Include self-advocacy
       See WM65 for works covering both mental illness and learning disability and WA70-84 for the concepts in general

836   Challenging behaviour by people with learning disabilities

837       Violent behaviour by people with learning disabilities. Include management of violence.

841   Examination and diagnosis of learning disabilities

842       Assessment. Include intelligence tests for learning disability

843   Parental screening and genetic counselling. Prevention of learning disability

Causation and Specific Types of Learning Disability 844   Causation. General works

845       Chromosomal. Down's syndrome. Genetic and inherited disease

846       Prenatal causation

848       Neonatal and birth injuries

849       Environmental, e.g. accidental head injury
           See also WL510-WL518 for neurological aspects

Services for the Learning Disabled 850   Social welfare. Health services. Community care. General works

851   Financial services. Include financial services to the family

855   Aids and equipment for the learning disabled

860   Residential care. Include hospitals, hostels etc

864       Sheltered accommodation, group homes and independent housing

865   Care within the family. Include fostering, support services and problems for the family. Include respite care

866   Day care facilities for adult learning disabled

867   Recreation, leisure and sporting facilities. Include holiday schemes, etc

868   Social work with the learning disabled. Include counselling

870   Voluntary organisations

Support for Independent Living 875   Support for independent living. People-centred planning. Lifestyle planning. General works and those not specified below

876       Social skills training. Socialisation. Adaptive behaviour. Normalisation

877       Communication and speech therapy

878       Occupational therapy and skills training. Include skills for independent living, e.g. money management

880       Expressive arts and leisure therapy. Include art therapy and music therapy
           See WB560-565 for general works on art and music therapy

882       Play therapy and physical activity. Include physiotherapy and Snoezelen

883       Behavioural modification. Psychotherapy. Counselling

886   Education for the learning disabled
       See WS618 for education of children with learning disabilities

888   Employment

890   Personal relationships. Sexuality. Spirituality. General works

892       Marriage and family. Include parenthood and parenting skills for the learning disabled.

893   Health promotion for the learning disabled. Healthy living, personal care

895   Medical disorders of those with learning disabilities. Sensory disorders e.g. blind and learning disabled

896   Psychological and mental disorders of those with learning disability. Include stereotyped behaviour in the learning disabled
       See WM245 for stereotyped behaviour and self harm in mental illness

WN - Medical Imaging. Radiotherapy. Medical Physics. Nuclear Medicine. Radioactivity

Definitions: (from various online encyclopaedias/dictionaries) Medical Imaging/Radiology/ Diagnostic imaging: the use of imaging to diagnose and treat disease though use of radiant energy or radioactive substances (formerly X-rays, gamma rays and other ionising radiation but now including non-ionising radiation e.g. ultrasound, magnetic resonance and radioactive isotopes). Radiologists interpret the images often obtained by Radiographers

Radiotherapy/ Therapeutic radiology: use of radiation sources to treat or relieve diseases, usually cancer
Interventional radiology: a sub-specialty which uses various imaging techniques to guide the placement of needles, catheters, drains and stents inside a patient to diagnose an array of conditions

Nuclear Medicine: sub-specialty using radioactive elements or isotopes for diagnosis and treatment of disease

Medical Physics: the application of physics to medicine – generally concerns physics as applied to medical imaging and radiotherapy

Radiology This section deals with the profession and diagnostic use of ionising radiation.
Classify radiology of the parts of the body with the specific part

1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific subject where possible.

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics in medical imaging

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools and colleges

20   Research. Research design in medical imaging
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Radiology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Directories

23   Institutes of radiology

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques. Film processing. Reclamation of silver, etc.

26   Computer applications. Use of telecommunications technology. General works
       See WN155 for computers in radiography

27   Radiology departments

32   Law relating to the use of radioactive material

33       Discussion of laws

90   Medical imaging. General works
       See also with specific aspects below e.g. ultrasound

100   Radiology. General works

105   Radiological anatomy

110   Patient care

115   Positioning

120   Health protection in radiodiagnosis

125   Interventional radiology. General works
       See also with specific aspects

Radiography 130   Radiography. General works

133   Radiography as a profession. Careers

138   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

140   Other personnel, e.g. dark room technicians

150   Equipment. X ray tubes. Generators. Film. Intensifying screens

155   Use of computers and telecommunications technology in radiography
       See WN207 for PACS

160   Contrast medium
       See WN525 for radioisotopes

200   X ray radiography. Exposure. Voltage. Filtration. Fluoroscopy. Xeroradiography

205   Multiple radiography

207   Digital radiography systems e.g. Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)

210   Stereography

215   Macroradiography. X ray magnification. Image intensification.

220   Subtraction. Colour subtraction. Electronic subtraction.

225   Tomography. Linear and transverse axial

230       Computerised axial tomography (CAT) / Computed tomography (CT) or X-ray computed tomography. Positron emission tomography (PET)
           See QZ670 for use in diagnosis of cancer

245   Gamma radiography. Radiosurgery e.g. Gamma knife/Cyber knife
See QZ747 for radiosurgery as treatment in cancer; WL630 neurological radiosurgery


250   Foreign bodies

260   Emergencies

270   Forensic radiography

Radiotherapy See also QZ750 for general works on radiotherapy for treating cancer

300   Radiotherapy. General works

305   Radiotherapy as a profession. Careers

307   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice

308   Tables. Statistics

309   Hospitals and departments of radiotherapy

315   Radiotherapy nursing

320   Health protection in radiotherapy

325   Radiobiology

External Radiation 330   External radiation

333   X and gamma photons

340   Equipment. X ray tubes. Filtration. Applicators

342       Electron linear accelerators

345       Treatment accessories. Head shells, wax blocks, breast bridge, lead blocks, compensators

350   Procedures. Superficial, orthovoltage, megavoltage

352       Fractionation

355       Dosage calculation

358       Measurement of radiation. Dosimetry

Internal Radiation 360   Internal radiation. Radionuclides. Radioisotopes

362       Radium needles and tubes

368       Other radioisotopes, e.g. caesium, gold, strontium

370   Equipment. Surface applicators, etc.

380   Procedures. Afterloading

382       Dosage calculation

Medical Physics 400   Medical physics. General works

405   Medical physics as a profession. Careers

407   Research in medical physics. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice

408   Tables. Statistics

409   Medical physics departments

410   Laboratory manuals

412   Image processing

415   Equipment calibration

418   Non ionising radiation. Include radio waves
       See WN460 for magnetic resonance imaging

420       Ultrasound. General works. Include diagnostic use, endosonography
           Classify with specific applications where possible, e.g. WQ214 for use in
           pregnancy

422               Equipment

425               Safety. Biological effects

428               Procedures

430       Lasers. General works
Classify with specific applications where possible, e.g. WO225 for surgery; WR640 for cutaneous disorders; WB480 for use in physiotherapy

432               Equipment

435               Safety. Biological effects

438               Procedures

440       Thermography. Infra red thermography
Classify with specific applications where possible, e.g. WP815 for mammography

442           Equipment

445           Safety. Biological effects

448           Procedures

450           Microwaves

460       Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Topical magnetic resonance (TMR)

462           Equipment

465           Safety. Biological effects


469           Procedures e.g interventional procedures guided by MRI

470       Ultra violet radiation

472           Equipment

475           Safety. Biological effects

478           Procedures including phototherapy
               See WB480 for phototherapy/ultraviolet therapy etc used in physiotherapy


480   Physiological measurement
       Classify with specific application where possible, e.g. WG106 for blood volume; WV577 for audiometry

Nuclear Medicine 500   Nuclear medicine. General works

502   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

505   Nuclear medicine as a profession. Careers

507   Research in nuclear medicine. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice

508   Tables. Statistics

509   Departments of nuclear medicine

520   Safety with radioisotopes

525   Radioisotopes in diagnosis. Radio pharmaceuticals. Radioisotope tests

530       Labelling

540   Radiation detection equipment. Scintillation counters

545       Display

560   Use of radiation for sterilisation and decontamination
       See WN358 for radiation dosimetry

Radioactivity 600   Radioactivity. General works
       Include all ionising radiation and handling radioactivity

605   Safety. General works on all aspects

610   Radiation injury

615   Radiation protection

617       Equipment

620   Effects of radioactivity on humans

625   Effects of radioactivity on animals

640   Effects of radioactivity on food

645   Public health aspects, e.g. transport, storage, and disposal of waste
       Include aspects of background radiation
       See W410 for disaster planning and accounts of disasters

650   Nuclear power. Medical health and safety aspects
       Include emission from power stations and fallout etc.

670   Nuclear war. Medical aspects
       See WX825 for health services in nuclear war

WO - Surgery. Anaesthesia

Surgery Classify with the part or organ concerned where possible

1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible.

15   Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools and faculties of surgery

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Surgery as a profession. Careers. Include ethics, accountability etc.
       See WO34 for malpractice

22   Directories

32   Laws
Include consent to surgery
See WA75 for consent to treatment

33       Discussion of laws

34   Malpractice

40   Experimental surgery


60   Health services. Facilities. Departments etc.
       Include Surgical Assessment Units

65       Management and planning of surgical services
           Include planned admissions
           Include surgical audit, e.g. perioperative death reports

67       Out patient surgery. Day surgery

68       Length of stay. Include 5 day surgical wards

70   Operating theatres. Design of facilities

72       Engineering aspects. Maintenance. Ventilation, piping etc
           See WX750 for medical gases

74       Sterilization. Air hygiene

76       Safety in the theatre. Anti static precautions, etc.

95   Popular works on surgery

100   Surgery. General works
       Classify here works covering the specialty and surgical procedures. See
       WO200 for surgical procedures only

101   Surgical anatomy

102   Physiology

140   Surgical diseases

141   Examination. Diagnosis. Exploratory surgery

142   Surgical pathology. Biopsy

162   Surgical equipment. Instruments. Clothing. Gloves

166       Sutures

167       Surgical dressings

169   Theatre nursing. Intra operative care/Perioperative care. Care of the patient in theatre
       See WO180 for comprehensive works covering both surgical and theatre nursing
       See WO575 for anaesthetic nursing

172   Operating department practitioners (ODPs). Operating theatre technicians. Theatre support workers.
Include education and training and all works written for the ODP and theatre support workers

175   Medical care of the surgical patient. General works
       See WO575 for care of the patient undergoing anaesthesia

178       Nutritional aspects

180   Surgical nursing
       Use for nursing on a surgical ward and for comprehensive works which cover both surgical and theatre nursing. See WO169 for theatre nursing only

185   Surgical patient
       Include psychological aspects, attitude to surgery and relationship with surgeon

190   Pre operative care
       See WO580 for pre-anaesthetic medication

192   Post operative care
       Include post operative pain; early ambulation

195       Complications
           Include shock

196       Surgical wounds. Wound healing
           Include here all general works on wounds and wound healing

197           Infection
               See WC195 for general works on infection control

198   Closure of wounds and drainage

Operative Surgery Classify with the part or organ concerned where possible

200   Operative surgery. Methods. Techniques. General works.

205   Robotic-assisted surgery

210   Microsurgery

215   Cryosurgery

220   Electrosurgery. Surgical diathermy. Electrical stimulation therapy

225   Laser surgery

230   Minor surgery. G.P. surgery

232   Endoscopic surgery. Include other techniques e.g. computer-assisted surgery
       See WO205 for robotic surgery

235   Surgical emergencies

Plastic Surgery Classify with the part or organ concerned where possible

250   Plastic and reconstructive surgery. General works
       See WV312 for plastic surgery of the nose; WP945 for breast reconstruction

255   Skin grafts. Skin flaps

260   Prostheses in plastic and reconstructive surgery

270   Nursing care in plastic and reconstructive surgery

275   Psychological aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery

280   Cosmetic surgery. General works

Transplantation Surgery Classify with the part or organ concerned where possible

300   Transplantation surgery. General works. For works on tissue banks and tissue donors see QS523

305   Immunology of transplantation surgery.
       Include major histocompatibility complex, histocompatibility testing etc

310   Tissue preparation
       See QS523 for tissue donation and tissue banks

315   Legal, ethical and religious aspects. Donors

320   Nursing care

325   Replantation surgery
       Classify with the part or organ concerned where possible

330   Artificial organs

350   Regenerative surgery
       See QT37 for theoretical and developmental aspects

Surgery of Particular Age Groups 400   Paediatric surgery
       Include neonatal surgery

450   Geriatric surgery

Anaesthesia 500   Anaesthesia. General works

505   Anaesthesia for other professions

511   History

518   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

520   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

521   Anaesthesiology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

527   Anaesthetic services
       Include service policy and planning

532   Laws

550   Anatomy and physiology for anaesthesia

560   Physics in anaesthesia
       Include other scientific aspects

565   Choice of anaesthetic
       Include complicating factors, e.g. pre existing disease

570   Equipment

575   Care of the patient undergoing anaesthesia
       Include anaesthetic nursing
       See WO169 and WO175 for general care of the patient undergoing surgery

580   Pre anaesthetic medication
       Include sedation (see QV85 for pharmacology)

590   Complications of anaesthesia

592       Accidents and misadventure

595   Recovery and rehabilitation
       Include resuscitation

600   General anaesthesia

610       Inhalation

620       Intratracheal

630       Intravenous

640       Rectal

650       Muscle relaxants

675   Local and regional anaesthesia

680       Spinal. Epidural
           See WO725 for obstetric anaesthesia

685       Infiltration

690       Surface

695   Refrigeration anaesthesia

700   Acupuncture as an anaesthetic in surgery
       See WB850 for general works on acupuncture

Anaesthesia in Particular Circumstances 710   Emergency anaesthetics

712   Anaesthesia in day surgery

715   Paediatric anaesthesia

720   Geriatric anaesthesia

725   Obstetric anaesthesia

730   Anaesthesia for G.P. surgery

735   Orthopaedic anaesthesia

740   E.N.T. anaesthesia

745   Ophthalmological anaesthesia

750   Dental anaesthesia

755   Neurosurgical anaesthesia

760   Vascular anaesthesia

765   Thoracic anaesthesia

770   Laparoscopic anaesthesia

WP - Gynaecology. Women’s Health

Gynaecology. Women’s Health Prefer WQ as primary number for works that cover both gynaecology and obstetrics

1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific subjects where possible.

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Statistics. Tables

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments and faculties of gynaecology

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Gynaecology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Directories

25   Laboratory manuals

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Gynaecological services. Hospitals, clinics, etc.
       Include health service policy and planning

32   Laws

33       Discussions of laws
100   Gynaecology. General works
       Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases. See WP160 for
       diseases only
       Use WQ100 for works covering both obstetrics and gynaecology
       See WS458 for paediatric gynaecology; WJ190 for gynaecological urology

120   Popular works
       Include popular works on women's health in general
       See WP155 for Well Women Clinics

130   Gynaecological anatomy
       Include histology and embryology

133       Congenital malformations

140   Gynaecological physiology

143   Fertility. Subfertility. Sterility. General works
       See also with the specific organ
       See HQ618 for childless couples; WJ709 for male aspects

146       Fertility tests and therapy
           Include clinics
           See WQ208 for assisted reproduction

148       Psychological problems of subfertility
           Include fertility counselling

150   Examination. Diagnosis. Radiography

155   Screening. General works
       See W128 for public health aspects of mass screening
       Include Well Woman Clinics

160   Diseases. Pathology. General works
       Classify diseases with specific organ where possible

162       Infections and inflammations

164       Cysts

166       Neoplasms
168   Gynaecological nursing

170   Gynaecological therapy. General works
       Include drug and hormone therapy

180       Surgery
           Include all works except those on uterine or breast surgery
Include gender affirming surgery (bottom surgery), including works that cover both male-to-female and female-to-male gender affirming surgery, and works that cover both top and bottom surgery
See WJ715 for male-to-female gender affirming surgery

190   Psychological aspects of gynaecological disorders

Individual Organs Classify with the specific organ or disease where possible

External Genitals Include pelvic area, vulva, vagina and perineum

200   Pelvic area and external genitals. General works
       Include anatomy, physiology and examination
       See WP250 for vagina only

210   Diseases. General works

215       Infections and inflammations
           Include genital tuberculosis
           See WC140 for sexually transmitted infections

220       Dystrophy

225       Injuries, including deliberate injuries such as female genital mutilation (FGM)
           Include fistulae

230   Neoplasms

Vagina 250   Vagina. General works. Colposcopy
       Include anatomy, physiology and examination

252   Diseases. General works

254       Infections and inflammations

255           Vaginitis
257           Candida

258           Trichomonas vaginalis

270       Dystrophy

280       Injuries and foreign bodies

290       Neoplasms

Internal Genitals Include uterus, cervix, uterine ligaments, ovaries, fallopian tubes and
pelvic contents generallyClassify with individual organ where possible

300   Internal genitals. General works
       Include anatomy, malformations and physiology

310   Examination. Methods and instruments. Laparoscopy

320   Diseases. General works
       Classify with individual organ where possible

330       Infections and inflammations
           Include pelvic peritonitis and cellulitis
           See WC140 for sexually transmitted infections

340       Injuries and displacement. Torsion

350       Neoplasms
           Classify with individual organ where possible

390       Endometriosis

Uterus. Cervix Uteri 400   Uterus. General works
       Include anatomy, malformations, physiology and examination
       See WP250 for colposcopy

410   Diseases. General works

420       Infections and inflammations
           Include endometritis and senile endometriosis

430       Injuries. Displacement. Prolapse. Torsion

440       Neoplasms. General works

450           Benign. General works

455               Polyps. Adenoma

459               Fibroids. Myoma. Leiomyoma

460           Malignant. General works

465               Trophoblastic tumours

467               Hydatidiform mole

469               Choriocarcinoma

480           Therapy of uterine neoplasms
               See WP550 for uterine surgery

500   Cervix uteri. General works
       Include histology

510   Smear tests
       Include screening

520   Diseases. General works

525       Cervicitis

530       Cervical erosion

535       Metaplasia

540       Cervical neoplasms
           Include pre cancerous stage and Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines and
           prevention

545           Therapy of cervical neoplasms

550   Surgery of the uterus. General works

560       Hysterectomy

565           Psychological effects. Counselling

Ovaries 600   Ovaries. General works.
       Include anatomy and malformations
       See WP650 for diseases only

605   Examination

610   Endocrinology

612       Oestrogenic hormones and synthetic substitutes
           See WP646 for hormone replacement therapy in menopause

614       Corpus luteum hormones. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

618   Ovarian physiology and function.
       Include Ovum/Oocytes; Menstrual cycle; Ovulation, Ovulation prediction; Ovulation induction; Ovum donors
See WQ205 for fertilisation, conception and ovum development; QS645 for embryo implantation; WQ208 for ovum donation, IVF, GIFT

620   Menstruation. General works
       Include psychological aspects
       See WS840 for menarche

621       Disorders. General works

622           Amenorrhoea

624           Heavy periods. Menorrhagia

626           Dysmenorrhoea

628           Premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Premenstrual tension (PMT)

630           Therapy of menstrual disorders

640   Menopause. Include premature menopause and post-menopause

642       Physical and psychological problems associated with the menopause, premature menopause and post-menopause.

646       Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
           See WP612 for oestrogen therapy in ovarian disease

650   Ovarian diseases

652       Oophoritis

654       Cysts. Include polycystic ovary syndrome

656       Ovarian neoplasms. General works

658           Teratomas

660           Therapy of neoplasms

670               Ovariectomy / oophorectomy and its effects
                   See WP612 for oestrogen therapy

Fallopian Tubes 680   Fallopian tubes. General works
       Include anatomy, malformations, physiology and examination

682   Diseases

684       Salpingitis

686       Neoplasms

690   Surgical sterilisation techiniques

Breasts See WQ265 and WQ550 for care of breasts during and after pregnancy

800   Breasts. General works
       Include anatomy and malformations. See WP840 for diseases only

802   Body image

805   Physiology. Lactation. Functional changes
       See WQ600-625 for breastfeeding

815   Examination. Diagnosis. Radiography. Mammography

820       Self examination

840   Diseases. General works
       Include gynaecomastia

845       Infections and inflammations. Mastitis
           See WQ265 for problems during pregnancy

850       Hypertrophy

860       Cysts

870       Neoplasms

875           Therapy of neoplasms

910   Surgery of the breasts. General works
       Include surgery due to breast neoplasms
Include gender affirming chest (top) surgery
       See WP930 for mastectomy

920       Cosmetic surgery

930       Mastectomy

935           Rehabilitation


940           Psychological effects. Counselling

945           Breast reconstruction. Mammaplasty

WQ - Obstetrics. Midwifery

Obstetrics 1   Societies

11   History of obstetrics only. For history of midwifery use WQ141

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works on obstetrics only. Classify with specific subject where possible e.g. Midwifery dictionaries at WQ143

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Statistics. Use for general statistics on obstetrics
See WQ560 for maternal death, WQ562 for perinatal death and WQ230 for foetal death

18   Education and training in obstetrics
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments, faculties of obstetrics

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
Classify research on a specific subject with the subject. For Midwifery research use WQ147

21   Obstetrics as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, clinical governance and clinical effectiveness etc

22   Directories

25   Laboratory manuals

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Maternity services. Include maternity hospitals, G.P. units and independent birth centres. Include health services policy and planning

28       Emergency maternity services

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

55   Maternity rights. Financial assistance
       See WX430 for maternity rights specific to an employer

100   Obstetrics. General works
       Include works covering both obstetrics and gynaecology

110   Sociology of childbearing. Attitudes. Customs. Include registration of birth

111   Surrogacy

112   Cross cultural studies

115   Psychology of childbearing
       Include body image and sexuality

120   Popular works on all aspects of pregnancy and childbirth, e.g. sex in pregnancy
       Include school texts

125   Works on health education and its teaching in pregnancy
       See HQ130-136 for sex education

Midwifery 140   Midwifery. General works and manuals

141   History of midwifery

143   Dictionaries, encyclopaedias and bibliographies

145   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

147   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

150   Midwifery as a profession
       Include male midwives, lay midwives etc
Include professional bodies, regulation and registration, clinical governance and clinical effectiveness

155   Organisation of midwifery. Staffing, services etc.
   Include midwifery models, supervision, mentorship, preceptorship, clinical
   supervision etc

160   Community midwifery
       Include independent midwives

163   Ethics in midwifery. Code of conduct. Malpractice and discipline

165   Legal aspects of midwifery

170   Obstetric nursing

Preconceptual Care 172   Preconceptual care. General works. Include reproductive history

173   Genetic counselling. Include preimplantation diagnosis
       See WM843 for genetic counselling for learning disability

Antenatal Care 175   Antenatal care. General works

177   Antenatal services. Antenatal clinics
       Include community services
       Include services for women with special needs, e.g. disabled women, women from
       ethnic groups, etc

180   Antenatal education

185   Exercise and relaxation. Physiotherapy. General works
       Include the use of complementary therapies

188   Diet and nutrition

Pregnancy 200   Pregnancy. General works

201       Anatomy of pregnancy

203       Physiology and endocrinology of pregnancy

204   Diagnosis
       See QY335 for pregnancy tests

205   Conception. Fertilisation. Ovum development
       See QS645 for embryololgy

206   Diagnostic sex determination

207   Artificial insemination

208   In vitro fertilisation (IVF). Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
       See QS685 for embryo as experimental material in vitro
       See WP618 for ovum donors

Foetus For embryology see QS604-690 or specific systems/part

210   Foetus. Foetal membranes. Umbilical cord. General works

211       Foetal anatomy, physiology and biochemistry
           Include gestational age

212   Prenatal diagnosis and monitoring. Foetal heartbeat. General works

213       Radiography

214       Ultrasound
           Include use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool, include safety and ethical
           issues

215       Amniocentesis

216   Foetal diseases and abnormalities

217   Foetal surgery

218   Placenta. General works
Include diseases of the placenta, transplacental passage of substances to the foetus
       See QS650 for placentation and for placenta as experimental material

Pregnancy Complications 220   Pregnancy complications. General works and those not specified below

221   Unwanted pregnancy
       See WQ440 for surgical techniques in abortion

222   Environmental and social problems
       Include poverty, adolescent mothers, domestic violence in pregnancy, etc
See WQ177 for antenatal services to women with special needs; HQ620 for single-parent families and HV for social welfare services

223       Complications through age or youth. Teenage pregnancy. Elderly primagravida

224       Complications caused by drugs, alcohol, smoking etc.

226   Ectopic pregnancy

228   Difficult pregnancy. Cervical weakness or insufficiency. Bleeding. Antenatal haemorrhage

230   Pregnancy loss. Miscarriage, including recurrent miscarriage. Fetal death
       See WQ564 for stillbirth
       See WQ566 for psychological sequelae

232   Toxaemias

234   Multiparous mothers

236   Multiple pregnancy. Normal or drug induced

237   Complications associated with assisted reproduction
       See WQ236 for multiple pregnancy

238   Iatrogenic problems of pregnancy
Include use of therapeutic drugs in normal pregnancy. Include gender affirming hormone therapy (see WK900 for gender-affirming hormone therapy outside pregnancy)

240   Minor complications, e.g. nausea, vomiting, food cravings, back ache

242   Women with pre-existing medical conditions
       See WQ248 for diabetes

244       Cardiovascular complications, e.g. hypertension

248       Diabetes in pregnancy

252       Haematologic complications

253           Rhesus factor

256   Infectious diseases, e.g. rubella, Group B streptococcal infections
       Include septic abortion and sexually transmitted infections

260   Urologic complications

263   Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome

265   Breast problems in pregnancy

270   Psychological and psychiatric problems

275   Prolonged pregnancy

Labour and Birth 300   Labour. Delivery. Childbirth. General works

302   Place of birth. Home births, etc
       See WQ27 for general works on maternity services

304   Presence of father and other birth attendants

305   Physiology of labour

306   Analgesia in labour

307   Presentation, e.g. breech

308   Positions and conditions of labour, e.g. water birth, birth stools, use of complementary therapies etc.

309   Induction or retardation of labour

310   Labour complications
       Include disproportion of the pelvis; premature labour, foetal distress, meconium

311   Foetal monitoring during labour and delivery

312   Delivery. General works

314       Instrumental delivery
           Include forceps delivery, vacuum extraction and complications

330       Delivery complications, e.g. postpartum haemorrhage, perineal tears and trauma

335       Injuries to mother

340   Natural childbirth. Unmedicated childbirth

350   Leboyer method

360   Other methods

Surgery 400   Obstetric surgery. General works
       See WO725 for obstetric anaesthesia

410   Episiotomy

430   Caesarean section
       Include analgesia and anaesthesia, rates and trends, birth outcomes, and
       psychological sequelae

435   Embryotomy

440   Abortion and miscarriage. Surgical techniques
       See HQ170 178 for sociological aspects of abortion; QV175 for abortifacient
       agents

Puerperium and Perinatal Care Include works that focus on parenting and motherhood.
Classify works on the neonate in WS800-817

500   Puerperium. Perinatology. General works

505   Popular works on parenting and adaptation to parenthood
       Include works that also cover pregnancy and childbirth
       See WS75 for popular works on child care in general

520   Postnatal care. General works
       Include professional works on parenting and adaptation to parenthood

522   Postnatal services
       Include community services

524   Postnatal health education

526       Exercise. Physiotherapy

528       Diet and nutrition
           Include needs of breastfeeding women

530   Puerperal infection


540   Mental illness during puerperium. Postnatal depression and psychosis

545   Other postnatal complications e.g. incontinence, pelvic floor damage
       Include psychological sequelae

560   Maternal death
       Include works covering maternal and perinatal death. Include statistics
       See also WS820 for infant mortality

562   Perinatal death
       Use WS820 for post neonatal and infant deaths

564   Stillbirth

566       Psychological sequelae to miscarriage, foetal death and stillbirth
           Include bereavement support services

Infant Feeding See WS800-817 for general care of the neonate

600   Infant feeding. General works
       Include general works on breastfeeding

610   Popular works about breastfeeding

615   Practical aspects of breastfeeding
       Include care of the breast during lactation, use of breast pumps etc

620       Breastfeeding problems
   Include mastitis, insufficient milk, breast cancer in lactating women etc,
   prolonged breastfeeding

625   Weaning
       Include infant formulae and follow-on milk
       Include practical aspects of bottle feeding, marketing of formulas etc

WR - Skin. Dermatology

Skin. Dermatology 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments and faculties

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Dermatology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

23   Laboratories

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques
       Include experimental works on skin grafts scar tissue

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Health services. Hospitals, clinics
       Include health service policy and planning

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

75   Popular works on skin care

100   Dermatology. Skin. General works
       Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases. See WR140 for
       diseases only

101       Anatomy, histology, embryology
           Include fingerprints, dermatoglyphics; congenital abnormalities of skin

102       Physiology
           Include chemistry and metabolism of the skin. Skin temperature. Sensory
           functions
           See WL150-WL195 for neurological aspects

103   Skin biology
       Include photobiology

104   Immunology

105   Pathology. Dermatohistopathology

110   Microbiology

Skin Diseases
140   Skin diseases. General works
       See WR670 680 for paediatric and geriatric dermatology

141   Diagnosis. Monitoring

143   Skin manifestations of internal disease

144   Symptomatology, e.g. pruritis. Callosities

145   Therapy of skin diseases. General works
       Include surgery and cryosurgery
       See WR640 for use of lasers in cutaneous disorders

146       Drug therapy

147       Radiotherapy. Ultraviolet therapy

148   Nursing management of skin diseases. Care of the patient

149   Psychological and social aspects of skin diseases

Skin Diseases by part of the Body 150   Facial dermatoses
       Include periorbital region

152   Trunk

154   Genital region
       See WC140 160 for sexually transmitted diseases

156   Limbs, hands and feet
       See WR475 for nail diseases

Diseases of the Epidermis 157   Diseases of the epidermis. General works

158       Eczematous dermatitis. Include neurodermatitis

159       Eczema

160   Allergy and hypersensitivity. Patch testing
       See WD300-330 for hypersensitivity in general

165       Allergy to drugs. Cutaneous side effects

170       Urticaria. Angioedema

175       Contact dermatitis

185       Occupational dermatitis

195       Localised allergies, e.g. cosmetics

200   Disorders of cell kinetics and differentiation. General works and those not specified
   elsewhere

205       Psoriasis

210       Ichthyosis

230   Vesicular and bullous disorders. General works and those not specified elsewhere

235       Erythema
           See WD735 for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

240       Pemphigus

245       Dermatitis herpetiformis

265   Abnormalities of pigmentation. Lentigo. Vitiligo

Diseases of the Dermis 270 Diseases of the dermis. General works

275 Lichen planus

Infectious Skin Diseases See also WC for infectious diseases in general

280   Infectious skin diseases. General works

285       Bacterial, e.g. impetigo, boils

300       Fungal. Dermatomycoses, e.g. tinea, ringworm, candidiasis of the skin,
       maduromycosis
           See WC450 for mycoses in general

320       Rickettsial and viral diseases
           See WC500 600 for viral diseases in general

325           Verrucae. Warts

360       Parasitic skin diseases
           See also WC695 885 for parasitic diseases in general

365           Scabies. Pediculosis

370   Tropical dermatology
       See WC680 for tropical diseases in general

Skin Appendages 390   General works on more than one appendage

400   Sweat glands and their disorders

410   Sebaceous glands and their disorders

415       Seborrhoea

420       Sebaceous cysts

430       Acne. Acneform lesions

450   Hair. Scalp. Diseases of the hair and scalp

455       Hypertrichosis

460       Alopecia

465       Care of the hair

475   Nails. Diseases of the nails

Neoplasms 500 Neoplasms of the skin

510 Malignant melanoma

Ulcers 598 Pressure sores. Decubitus ulcer. Bed sores. Skin ulcers
See WG620 for leg ulcers e.g. varicose ulcers; WE920 for foot ulcers

Aspects of Beauty Care See WR195 for allergy to cosmetics

600   Beauty therapy. General works and those not specified below

610   Tattooing and its removal

620   Scars, birthmarks etc e.g. body modification. Body piercing

630   Skin camouflage

640   Use of lasers in cutaneous disorders

Dermatology for Particular Age Groups 670 Paediatric dermatology

680 Geriatric dermatology

WS - Paediatrics. Child Health

Paediatrics. Child Health 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect.

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics. Epidemiology

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments, faculties

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Paediatrics and child health as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Directories

23   Institutes

25   Laboratory manuals

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Child health services. Children's hospitals
Include health service policy and planning. Include services for neonates and infants



28   Community health services. School health services
       Include school nursing and community children’s nursing

29   Hospital staff manuals

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

75   Popular works on child care

100   Children. Paediatrics. Child health. General works
       Include general works on child development and comprehensive works
       covering both normal development and disease
       See WS400 for works covering diseases only

103   Comprehensive works on normal physical and mental development

Physical Development 105   Physical growth and development, normal and abnormal. General works
       Include motor development
       See also specific age groups at WS800-850

115   Nutrition. Feeding of infants and children. General works
See WQ600 for breast feeding and nutrition and feeding of neonates; WS738 for feeding and eating disorders related to childhood mental disorders

120   Toilet training

130   Immunisation
       Include side effects
       For immunisation in general see W121

141   Physical examination. Developmental screening
       Include radiography

Mental Development. Child Psychology See WS700-785 for child psychiatry

200   Mental development. Child psychology. General works

203   Collected works and commentaries, e.g. Piaget

205   Attitudes and adjustment to life events, e.g. going to school
       See WS240 250 for attitudes to family events

208   Perception. Thought. Decision making. Logic. Cognition

210   Communication. Verbal behaviour

212   Learning. Understanding

220   Emotions. Motivations

225   Personality development. Self concept

230   Socialisation
       Include social skills learning

235   Stress and its effects. Resilience

240   Family relationships. Birth order. Sibling relationships. Effects of being an only
   child

245   Bonding. Object attachment. Deprivation. Bereavement
       Include maternal child bonding in neonates
       See WLM270 for attachment in adults,

248   Effects of family problems, e.g. divorce

250   Relationships with others, e.g. children, strangers

255   Play. Fantasy. Imagination
       Include facilities and toys
       See HM300 for leisure and recreation in general; WS780 for play therapy as a
       psychological therapy

260   External influences, e.g. TV, warfare

265   Moral development

270   Sex

Social Welfare 300   Child care and child rearing. General works
       See WS75 for popular works

302   Sociology of childhood

303   Cross cultural studies

305   Nursery nursing

310   Play groups. Day nurseries. Creches. Child day care centres

315   Youth clubs. Sports and social activities

320   Social services for children. Social work with children. General works. Informal
   and formal support groups

321   Disadvantaged children. Homelessless. Runaways

322   Looked after children. Children in care. General works
       For works on post-16 care leavers or care-experienced people, use WS322A

325       Residential care, e.g. children's homes

328       Fostering and adoption

330   Child guidance and counselling

335   Special groups of children, e.g. immigrant

337   Twins, triplets, etc. Aspects of care
       See WLM175 for twin studies and WQ236 for multiple pregnancy

340   Social maladjustment. General works
       See WS730 for conduct disorders

342       Truancy. School phobia. Bullying

346   Delinquency and crime. Hooliganism. Vandalism.
       See WM770 for mentally disturbed juvenile offenders; HM400-590 for crime in
       General

348       Substance misuse
       Include alcohol and drug abuse

350       Policy and provision for juvenile crime

355       Young offender institutions. Secure community homes

360   Child abuse and neglect. Safeguarding of children. General works
       Include adult survivors of child abuse
       See WM98 for Fabricated or Induced Illness by Carers (FII)

362       Sexual abuse of or by children
           Include adult survivors of child sexual abuse
Include child abuse aspects of child pornography, child sexual exploitation and sexually exploited children
See WM300 for incest; WM300 for paedophilia; HQ410 for pornography in general; HM438 for people trafficking, including for sex


365           Specific cases

370   Accidents to children

380   Emergency medicine in childhood
       Deals with the sudden onset of a condition requiring immediate treatment

Diseases of Children Classify only general works here. Classify types/groups of disease in children at WS420-465, e.g. infectious diseases at WS420 but specific diseases at the main class number in WC, e.g. measles in children at WC580

400   Diseases of children. General works
       See WS100 for comprehensive works covering normal development and
       disease

401       Diagnosis - specific problems of diagnosis in children

402   Popular works. Care of the sick child at home

405   Paediatric nursing. Care of the patient

408   Child in hospital
       Include recreation, education and play activities
       See WS780 for play as a psychological therapy with children

410   Intensive care


412   Terminal care and death
       See WT600-WT650 for general works on terminal care and death

415   Paediatric therapeutics. General works
       Include dietetics, drug therapy, etc

416   Paediatric pain. Include neonates

418   Rehabilitation
       Include physiotherapy and occupational therapy in childhood
       See WS515 for rehabilitation for physical disabilities

Types of Disease Classify with the specific disease where possible

420   Infectious diseases

422   Metabolic diseases

425   Immunologic diseases
       Include general works on allergy

428   Nutrition disorders

430   Orthopaedics

432   Rheumatology. Juvenile onset of Still’s disease

434   Respiratory diseases
       See WF560 for asthma in childhood

438   Cardiovascular diseases

440   Haematologic diseases

444   Gastrointestinal diseases

448   Urological diseases

450   Endocrine diseases
       See WK845 for diabetes in children

454   Neurological diseases
       See WL442 for cerebral palsy and WL470 for epilepsy in children

458   Paediatric gynaecology

460   E.N.T. Ear, nose and throat diseases

465   Cancer in children

470   Childhood aspects of adult diseases
       See also WM120-122 for childhood onset mental disorders manifesting in adults

Physically Disabled and Chronically Ill Children Include here comprehensive works covering both physical and learning
disabilities. See WS600-698 for learning disabilities only

500   Physically disabled and chronically ill children. General works

502   Directories and guides

504   Information and advisory services. Legal services

508   Biographical accounts and popular works
       Include historical accounts of institutionalisation

510   Surveys. Assessment of need. Registers

512   Medical aspects. Illness in the disabled child
       Include hospital care

513   Care of the disabled child in general
       Include all forms of professional care
       Include education and training of professional carers

515   Rehabilitation for physical disability

518   Education and training for the disabled child. Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SENDS). Education, Health and Care Plans (EHC Plans). Mainstreaming in education.

521   Attitudes to disabled children
       Include abuse and discrimination

522   Environmental aspects, e.g. access to buildings

525   Psychological and spiritual aspects

528   Social or economic aspects

530   Personal relationships
       Include sexual aspects

Welfare Services for Physically Disabled and Chronically Ill Children
535   Social welfare and social work with physically disabled and chronically ill children
       Include counselling

540   Financial services. Social security

550   Aids. Equipment. Clothing

560   Professional home help services

575   Transport and mobility

580   Residential care. Accommodation

585   Day care. Day centres

590   Home care by the family. Informal support
       Include problems for the family
       See WA190 for informal care and carers in general

595   Recreation, leisure and sports facilities
       Include holiday schemes, etc

598   Other services

Learning Disabled Children Classify comprehensive works covering both physical and learning disability in WS500

600   Children with impaired intelligence and/or impaired social function. General works

602   Directories and guides

604   Information and advisory services. Legal services

608   Biographical accounts and popular works
       Include historical accounts of institutionalisation

610   Surveys. Assessment of need. Registers

612   Medical aspects. Illness in the learning disabled child
       Include hospital care

613   Care of children with learning disabilities
       Include all forms of professional care
       Include education and training of professional carers

618   Education and training for the learning disabled child

621   Attitudes to children with learning disabilities
       Include abuse and discrimination

625   Psychological and spiritual aspects

628   Social and economic aspects

630   Personal relationships
       Include sexual aspects

Welfare Services for Learning Disabled Children 635   Social welfare and social work. General works

640   Financial services. Social security

650   Aids. Equipment. Clothing

660   Professional home help services
       Include meal provision

675   Transport and mobility

680   Residential care. Accommodation

685   Day care. Day centres

690   Home care by the family. Informal support
       Include problems for the family
       See WA190 for informal care and carers in general

695   Recreation, leisure and sports facilities
       Include holiday schemes, etc

698   Other services

Child Psychiatry See WM120-122 for works covering childhood mental disorders manifesting in adulthood

700   Child psychiatry. Childhood mental disorders. General works and those not mentioned below

716   Epidemiology

720   Organic disorders. Tic disorders, motor and vocal
       Include Tourette’s Syndrome

725   Developmental and communication disorders. Speech and language acquisition disorders. See WL760 for acquired dyslexia.

730   Disruptive behaviour disorders. Neuroses. Personality disorders. Conduct
   disorders

732   Elimination disorders. Functional encopresis and enuresis. Bedwetting

738   Feeding and eating disorders of childhood (related to mental disorder). Pica

740   Psychoses

750   Depressive and anxiety disorders

752    Digital technology addiction, excessive or problem use. Effects of digital technology use on mental health. Include use of the internet, AI, social media, smartphones, wearable technology, gaming and binge-watching. Include works on reducing digital technology use (e.g. digital detox) and the psychology of digital technology use.
       See WM165 in adults

753   Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder. Sex addiction. Pornography addiction.
See WS362 for child abuse aspects of child pornography and peer-to-peer sexual abuse

755   Suicide and self-harm

760   Psychotherapy. General works

765       Behaviour therapy

770       Psychoanalysis
           Include works on the psychoanalytic approach to children

775   Drug therapy

780   Other therapies, e.g. speech, play, art, music as psychological therapy
           See WB560 for general works on art therapy and WB565 for general works
           on music therapy
           See WM882 for play therapy with adults with learning disabilities

785       Residential treatment

By Age Group - Neonate (Up to 1 month old)

800   Neonatal medicine. Neonatology as a specialty. General works
       See WO400 for neonatal surgery; WQ120 for popular works on pregnancy and
       childbirth; WQ600-625 neonatal feeding

801   Neonatal nursing

802   Examination and diagnosis. Include neonatal screening

804   High risk neonates. Neonatal complications. Neonatal diseases
       Include nutrition and feeding in hospital etc

805       Neonatal jaundice. Erythroblastosis

806   Congenital abnormalities. General works
       Classify with specific disease or part of the body where possible
       See QS675 for embryological aspects

810   Birth injuries and their consequences
       See WM848 for learning disabilities caused by neonatal and birth injuries

811   Resuscitation of the newborn

812   Premature babies
       Include long-term outcomes of prematurity

814   Small for age and low birth weight babies. Failure to thrive

816   Neonatal intensive care
       Include Special care baby units (SCBUs), neonatal intensive care units (NICUs)

817   Incubators
       Include associated problems

By Age Group - Infant (Include first year)

818   Infancy. General works
       See WQ600-625 for infant feeding

819   Examination screening and developmental progress

820   Infant mortality

822       Cot death. Sudden infant death syndrome
           Include works on safe sleeping arrangements etc

By Age Group - Child 830   Preschool child. General works

840   Puberty as a physiological process
       Include menarche

By Age Group - Adolescent 850 Adolescence. General works
For specific problems add 'A' to the end of number in main part of WS

WT - Elderly / Older Person Care / Geriatrics. End-of-Life / Palliative Care

Geriatrics. Elderly Care 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific subjects where possible

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for teaching and study

19       Schools, departments and faculties of geriatrics

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Geriatrics and elderly care as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

26   Equipment and supplies (medical)
       See WT350 for welfare equipment

27   Health services for the aged
       Include geriatric hospitals
       Include health service policy and planning

28   Social problems of an ageing population
       Problems for society only. See WT300 personal aspects

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

50   Middle age. General works
       Include here works about people aged between 35 and 60 years of age

55       Health aspects of middle age
           See WP640 for menopause

60       Psychological aspects of middle age

100   Geriatrics. Ageing. Elderly care. General works
       Include works about people aged 60 years and over
       See WT130 for works covering diseases only

104   Physical process of ageing. Longevity. Prolongation of life

120   Healthy old age. Preventive medicine. Health promotion
       Include popular works on ageing

125   Diet and nutrition in old age

130   Diseases of the aged. General works

132   Geriatric orthopaedics. General works
       See WE for specific diseases and problems

135   Special aspects of elderly care

141   Geriatric assessment and diagnosis. Screening
       Include Single Assessment Process

142   Chiropody

144   Hypothermia

146   Exercise. Mobility
       See WT375 for welfare provision aspects of transport and mobility

147   Accidents. Falls

148   Incontinence in old age
       See WJ146 for general works on urinary incontinence and WI602 for
       general works on faecal incontinence

150   Special aspects of therapeutics, e.g. drug therapy

154   Rehabilitation and after care
       Include physiotherapy and occupational therapy

158   The elderly patient

160   Nursing the elderly. Care of the patient including electronic monitoring
       See WA164 for community nursing

180   Nursing care within and by the family. Home care
       See WA190 for informal care and carers in general

Mental Welfare 200   Psychology of ageing

220   Old age psychiatry. Psychogeriatrics. Mental disorders. General works not specified
See WM221-225 for dementia

225       Therapy. General works not specified below

230           Geriatric psychotherapy, e.g. reality orientation, reminiscence therapy

235           Drug therapy. Geriatric psychopharmacology

250   Learning disability in old age

Social Welfare 300   Social problems of growing old. General works
       See WT28 for a societal viewpoint

302   Directories and guides

304   Information, advisory and legal services

308   Biographical accounts
       Include accounts of life in institutions

310   Surveys. Assessment of need. Registers

321   Attitudes to the elderly
       Include elderly abuse and discrimination, and safeguarding of elderly people

322   Environmental aspects, e.g. access to buildings

328   Social or economic aspects
       Include employment

330   Personal relationships
       Include sexual aspects

335   Retirement

338       Preparation for retirement

Welfare Services for the Elderly 340   Social welfare and social work with the aged
       Include elderly rights and advocacy in general

345   Financial provisions, pensions etc.

350   Aids. Equipment. Clothing. Alarm systems

360   Professional home help services
       Include meal provision

375   Transport and mobility

380   Residential care. Accommodation. Sheltered dwellings for the elderly
       See WX875 for private nursing homes
See HV280 for residential accommodation; HV900s for hostels and housing; WM29 for halfway houses and hostels for the mentally ill; WB680 for residential care for disabled and chronically ill

385   Day care. Day centres

395   Recreation, leisure and sports facilities
       Include holiday schemes, etc

398   Other services

Palliative and End of Life Care. Death Palliative care - alleviating symptoms without curing the underlying disease
End-of-life care – medical and nursing care of patients in the terminal stage of an illness

600   Palliative and end-of-life care general works. Death. Attitudes to death. Bereavement. Ethics of palliative and end-of-life care
   See WLM220 for grief from a psychological viewpoint; HQ560 for widowhood
   as a social status; WS412 for end-of-life care and death in children; WC180 for
   end-of-life care in AIDS
   For palliative/end-of-life care nursing see WT620

603       Fiction, biography and popular works

605       Social customs associated with death. Funerals, mourning, etc

610   Counselling the dying and bereaved
       Include all aspects of communication


620    Palliative and end-of-life care nursing. Care of the dying patient
       Include dignity, religious considerations, holistic care
       See QZ800 for cancer nursing; QZ865 for palliative care in terminal cancer

630   Community aspects. Social work. Home care. Dying at home. Hospice at home

640   Symptom relief, including pain relief in end-of-life care
       Include palliative surgery and therapy
See QZ865 for palliative care in terminal cancer (including pain and symptom relief); WC180 for palliative care in AIDS
       See WL830-836 for general works on pain therapy

650   Hospices. Special units for the dying

WU - Dentistry. Oral Surgery

Dentistry. Oral Surgery 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics. Epidemiology

18   Education and training
       Include educational material for both teaching and study

19       Schools and colleges
           Include graduate and continuing dental education

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Dentistry as a profession. Peer review. Dental audit

22   Directories

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Dental services. Hospitals. Clinics
       Include health service policy and planning

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

40   Registration. General Dental Council

44   Malpractice

50   Dental ethics

61   Dentist patient relations
       Include psychology

65   Professional and interprofessional relations

77   General dental practice
       Include group and partnership practices

79   Practice management. Service planning
       Include dental economics, financial management, personnel management,
       facilities management

90   Dental care team other than dentists, including dental technicians, dental therapists, dental hygienists, dental nurses and receptionists

92       Education and training of dental care team

95   Dental records

97       Automation of dental records
           See WU26.5 for general works covering IT in dentistry

Dentistry
100   Dentistry. General works. Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases.
       See WU140 for works covering diseases only

101       Anatomy. Histology. Morphology. Embryology. Include works on the jaw and mouth. Stomatognathic system
           See WE400 for muscle and soft tissue

101.5       Abnormalities and malformations of the jaw and/or teeth. Stomatognathic system abnormalities

102       Physiology. Biochemistry. Immunology

110   Oral health and hygiene. Dental health education
       Include popular works

113   Preventative and prophylactic dentistry

140   Dental medicine. Dental pathology. Stomatology for dentists. Jaw diseases. Oral diseases

141   Examination. Diagnosis
       Include works on X ray diagnosis

150   Complications including cross-infection

158   Oral and dental injuries
       See WE410 for injuries and rehabilitation of the head, face and neck

166   Oral and dental therapeutics

170   Dental pharmacology

210   Dentition. Edentulous jaw

229   Enamel. Dentine

230   Dental pulp. Tooth root. Root canals. Dental cementum
       Include works on abscesses

240   Periodontium. Periodontology. Alveolar process. Gingiva

242       Periodontitis and related diseases. Gum diseases

250   Dental deposits. Plaque

270   Caries. Aetiology of caries. Effect of fluoridation
       See WU350 for cavity treatment

280   Oral and dental neoplasms
       See WE420 for neoplasms of the head, face and neck

290   Oral manifestations of disease
       See also with specific diseases

Dental Technology 300   Dental technology. General works

302   Dental photography

305   Dental laboratories
       Include laboratory manuals

306       Equipment and supplies

308   Dental technicians

310   Dental chemistry

312   Dental alloys and metals

315   Dental materials
       Include ceramics and polymers

Operative Dentistry 320   Operative dentistry. General works including aesthetic dentistry
       See WO750 for dental anaesthesia

350   Cavity treatment. Fillings

360   Inlays

365   Extraction

Prosthodontics 370   Prosthodontics. Dental prostheses. General works

380   Partial dentures. Bridges. Crowns

390   Complete dentures

Orthodontics 400   Orthodontics. General works

440   Occlusion. Malocclusion

450   Orthodontic appliances. Include splints, brackets, retainers and wires

Dentistry for Particular Groups 470   Dentistry in patients with physical disabilities or learning disorders

480   Paediatric dentistry

490   Geriatric dentistry

Oral Surgery 600   Oral surgery. General works

605   Impacted teeth

610   Maxillofacial injuries. Mandibular injuries. Fractures and dislocations of the jaw

620   Corrective maxillofacial surgery

640   Dental implantation. Tooth reimplantation. Transplantation
       Include endosseous implants

WV - Otorhinolaryngology. Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine

Otorhinolaryngology. Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine 1   Societies

11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools, departments, colleges

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Ear, nose and throat (ENT) medicine as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

22   Directories

23   Laboratories. Institutes

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   E.N.T. services. Hospitals. Clinics
       See also WV595 for hearing aid clinics
       Include health service policy and planning
32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

100   Otorhinolaryngology. E.N.T. General works
       Classify here works covering the specialty and diseases. See WV140 for works on
       diseases only

101       Anatomy. Physiology. Biochemistry. Embryology. Abnormalities

140   Diseases of the ear, nose and throat. General works

141   Symptomatology. Diagnosis. Monitoring

150   Foreign bodies. General works
       See also with the specific parts

168   E.N.T. surgery

170   E.N.T. nursing. Care of the patient in general

180   Intracranial complications of E.N.T. diseases

Parts of the System Classify with the specific part or disease where possible.

Larynx 200   Larynx. Voice production. Include diseases. General works
       See WL750 for physiology and neurology of speech

201       Anatomy. Physiology

205   Laryngoscopy

210   Inflammation. Laryngitis

230   Vocal chords

235       Paralysis

238   Neoplasms
240   Surgery. Laryngectomy. Artificial larynx

245   Alaryngeal voice production
       Include electronic aids

Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Classify works on diseases with the part concerned

300   Nose and paranasal sinuses. General works

301       Anatomy. Physiology. Olfaction. Smell

303           Neurological basis of smell

305           Psychology of smell

310   External nose

312       Plastic surgery

320   Nasal septum

335   Rhinitis. Hay fever

340   Paranasal sinuses

345       Sinusitis

Pharyngeal Region See also aspects in WU and WI

400   Pharyngeal region. General works. Include oropharynx

401       Anatomy. Physiology

410   Pharynx. Uvula. Palate. General works on diseases. Include pharyngitis
       See also aspects of WU

420   Neoplasms of the pharynx and oropharynx

430   Tonsils. Adenoids

435       Tonsillitis. Tonsillectomy
440   Cleft lip. Cleft palate

Ear 500   Ear. General works
       See WV515 for diseases only

501       Anatomy. Physiology

510   Examination. Diagnosis. Otoscopy

515   Diseases of the ear. General works
       See also with specific parts listed below

520   External ear

522   Ear canal. Foreign bodies. Cerumen. Include syringing

525   Tympanic membrane

530   Middle ear. Eustachian tube. Temporal bone. Petrous bone

532       Otitis media

533       Mastoid region

550   Inner ear. Labyrinth. Cochlea. Include cochlear implants

552       Otitis interna / labyrinthitis

554       Otosclerosis

555       Vestibular apparatus. Equilibrium. Spatial orientation. Include motion sickness, vertigo

558       Meniere's disease

560   Ear neoplasms

565   Therapy of ear diseases

568       Surgery

Audiology, Hearing, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Impairment, Deafness 570   Hearing. Audiology. Physiology of hearing

571   Audiology clinics

575       Hearing disorders. Hearing loss. Hearing impairment. Deafness. General works

577   Assessment of deafness. Audiometry. Function tests

579   Tinnitus

581   Deafness and hearing disorders in children
       Include management of childhood deafness; teaching speech and language
       See WS819 for screening in infancy

585   Treatment of deafness
       Include surgery

587       Correction of hearing impairment. Hearing therapy. Aural rehabilitation

590       Hearing therapists
           Include education and training

591   Communication.
       Include lip reading and sign language

594   Hearing aids, hearing aid clinics and technicians.
Include environmental aspects and aids e.g. induction loops in theatres, teletext subtitles, hearing dogs, telephone adaptations

599   Deaf mutism

The Deaf and Hearing Impaired 602   Directories and guides

604   Information, advisory and legal services. Advocacy
       Include Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID)

608   Biographical accounts and popular works
       Include accounts of institutional life

610   Surveys. Assessment of need. Registers

613   Illness in the hearing impaired
       Include hospital care, nursing etc
       Include education and training of professional carers

618   Education and training for the hearing impaired
       Include schools for the deaf

621   Attitudes to the hearing impaired
       Include discrimination

625   Psychological aspects

627   Spiritual aspects

628   Social and economic aspects
Include employment, sympathetic hearing scheme, financial services and social security/benefits

630   Personal relationships
       Include sexual aspects

635   Social welfare and social work. General works
Include counselling, residential and day care, home care and informal support, recreation etc

WW - Eyes. Ophthalmology

Eyes. Ophthalmology 11   History

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific subjects where possible, e.g. general dictionaries of nursing WY13, dictionaries of nursing research WY20.
       Add the suffix Z for bibliography, e.g. bibliography of nursing research at WY20Z

15   Classification. Nomenclature

16   Tables. Statistics. Epidemiology

18   Education and training
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19       Schools and colleges

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21   Ophthalmology as a profession. Careers
       Include ethics, accountability, etc

21.5   Ophthalmic assistants

22   Directories

23   Laboratories
       See WW333 for eye bank procedures

25   Laboratory manuals. Techniques and procedures

26   Equipment and supplies

26.5   Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27   Health services, hospitals, clinics etc
       Include health services policy and planning

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws

80   Popular works on the eye and vision
       See WW808 for popular works on blindness

100   Ophthalmology. General works
       Classify all works on part of the eye with the part whether they cover anatomy, disease or therapy
       Classify here works covering the specialties and diseases. See WW160 for works
       on diseases only

101       Anatomy. Histology. Embryology
           Include works that cover both anatomy and physiology

103       Physiology. Biochemistry

105   Neuro ophthalmology. Ophthalmic nerve. Innervation of the orbit

110   Psychology of vision. Visual perception

115   Colour vision
       Include colour blindness and other disorders

117       Tests

120   Ocular adaptation (to light and dark)

122   Ocular accommodation. Focusing. Distance perception

125   Binocular vision

130   Genetics

135   Immunology and immunopathology

Examination and Diagnosis 141   Examination, diagnostic methods
       Classify works on the examination of a particular part of the eye with the part, e.g. WW375 for examination of the retina

142       Objective methods. Include sight tests i.e. reading chart

143           Radiology. Computer Assisted Tomography (CAT)

144           Ultrasound

145           Biomicroscopy

146           Electrodiagnosis

147           Slit lamp microscopy

148           Ophthalmoscopy

149           Tonometry

150       Subjective methods. Evaluation of function. Visual acuity

152   Visual fields

155   Photography of the eye

Diseases of the Eye
160   Eye diseases. General works or those not listed below.

165   Congenital abnormalities and disorders

170   Neoplasms

175   Metabolic diseases

180   Iatrogenic diseases

185   Vascular disorders

190   Minor disorders, e.g. eyestrain and fatigue, asthenopia
       See WL840 854 for headaches

Therapy 200   Therapy. General works

220   Drug therapy

250   Surgery. General works
       Classify surgery on specific parts of the eye with the part e.g. WW342 for cataract
       surgery

255       Plastic and reconstructive surgery

260       Microsurgery

265       Lasers

270       Cryosurgery

290   Ophthalmic nursing

Parts of the Eye Include anatomy, disorders and therapy

300   Orbit

305   Eyelids. Ptosis. Styes

310   Lacrimal apparatus. Dry eye syndromes

315   Outer eye

320   Conjunctiva

322       Infections. Conjunctivitis

325   Sclera

330   Cornea

333       Eye bank procedures

335   Anterior chamber. Aqueous humour. Include ocular hypertension

337       Glaucoma

338           Therapy

340   Lens

342       Cataract and cataract surgery

345   Uvea

350   Choroid

355   Ciliary body

360   Iris

365   Pupil

370   Vitreous body

375   Retina. Macula. Fovea. Optic disc

377       Retinal detachment

380   Fundus oculi

385   Optic nerve

386       Optic neuritis Not used by SWIMS

387       Nystagmus Should be with 510

390   Ocular blood supply

Ophthalmic Optics (Refraction and errors of refraction)

400   Ophthalmic optics / Optometry. General works

405   Ophthalmic opticians / optometrists as a profession
       Include directories, etc.

407       Education and training
           Include educational materials for both teaching and study

410   Disorders of refraction

415       Astigmatism

420       Myopia. Short sight

425       Hyperopia. Presbyopia. Long sight

430   Low vision

440   Blindness
       Clinical aspects only
       See WW800 898 for the visually impaired

Corrective Devices 445   Spectacle lenses

450   Contact lenses

455       Hard lenses

460       Soft lenses

465   Intraocular lenses

470   Prostheses

475   Optical dispensing. Spectacle frames and their fitting

480   Dispensing opticians. All aspects of the profession

485   Principles. Calculations. Tables

Muscular Mechanisms 500   Muscular mechanisms. General works

505   Orthoptics. Include orthoptists and all aspects of the profession

510   Ocular motility and its disorders Nystagmus

515       Strabismus. Squint

520           Surgical correction

525   Disturbances due to diseases of the central nervous system

540   Eye manifestations of general disease
       Include nutritional disorders, thyroid, hypertension and blood diseases

550       Diabetic retinopathy

560       Manifestations of systemic disease

Industrial Ophthalmology 570   Industrial ophthalmology
       Include screening for work purposes

580   Injury to the eye. General works
       Include emergency ophthalmology

585       Foreign bodies

590       Chemical and toxic injuries

595   Protective devices, e.g. goggles

Ophthalmology in Special Age Groups 600 Paediatric ophthalmology. General works

620 Geriatric ophthalmology

Visual Impairment. Blindness 800   Visual impairment. Blindness. General works

802   Directories and guides

804   Information and advisory services. Legal services. Advocacy

808   Biographical accounts and popular works
       Include accounts of institutions and institutional life

810   Surveys. Assessment of need. Registers

812   Medical aspects. Illness in the visually impaired
       Include hospital care

813   Care of the visually impaired in general
       Include education and training of professional carers

815   Rehabilitation. General works

818   Education and training for the visually impaired

821   Attitudes to the visually impaired
       Include abuse and discrimination

822   Environmental aspects. Access to buildings, safety etc

825   Psychological and spiritual aspects

828   Social and economic aspects
       Include employment

830   Personal relationships
       Include sexual aspects

Welfare Services for the Visually Impaired 835   Social welfare and social work with the visually impaired
       Include counselling

840   Financial services. Social security

850   Aids. Equipment. Guide dogs. Braille etc.

860   Professional home help services

875   Transport and mobility

880   Residential care. Accommodation

885   Day care. Day centres

890   Home care. Care by the family. Informal support
       Include problems for the family

895   Recreation, leisure and sports facilities
       Include holiday schemes, etc

898   Other services

WX - Health Services and Management

Health Services and Management 11   General histories of health care. History of the NHS. Include all reorganisations of the NHS prior to 2012
       See WX105 for NHS policy and changes

12   Histories of hospitals
       Include comprehensive accounts and histories of individual institutions
       Classify histories of specific types of hospital at the appropriate history number, e.g. history of psychiatric hospitals at WM11

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific subjects where possible, e.g. general dictionaries of nursing WY13, dictionaries of nursing research WY20.
       Add the suffix Z for bibliography, e.g. bibliography of nursing research at WY20Z

15   Terminology

16   Statistics dealing with the health services
       See WX222 & WX350-375 for quality and hospital activity data.
       See W150-245 for health and medical statistics

17   Atlases. Maps.

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Include general works covering health services research but classify with specific
       subject where possible
       Include Health Technology Assessment (HTA)
       See WB20 for evidence based practice in relation to clinical practice

22   Directories
       Classify directories of specific health services at the appropriate number, e.g. a
       directory of child health services at WS22

32   Laws. Liability. Jurisprudence
       Include general works on health legislation
       Classify legislation with the specific subject where possible, e.g. Mental Health Act at WM32; the aw of medical practice at WA218 and malpractice at WA229

33       Discussion of legislation

Planning, Organisation and Delivery of Care 80   International agencies concerned with health care, e.g. World Health Organisation
       Classify agencies concerned with a specialty, e.g. Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) with the specialty

90   International and comparative health services
       Include comparative medical economics and economic studies and comparative
       studies which mention the UK. Theoretical and policy studies not linked to a
       geographical area are preferred at WX100
       Include state medicine in other countries excluding Europe

93   Health care in the European Union

95   Studies of health services of single countries

97   Health care in Wales. Health care in Scotland. Health care in Northern Ireland. Health care in the Channel Islands

100   Health care in the United Kingdom. National Health Service. Development of health services. General works
       Include national agencies, e.g. NHS Confederation, NHS England etc.
       Include annual reports
       See WX11 for an historical perspective; WX16 for statistics

105   National plans and national policy statements e.g. 'The NHS Long Term Plan' (2019). Government regulation of services
       Classify statements specific to a specialty with the specialty
       See WX145 for commissioning

107   National finance
       Include national expenditure plans
Include groups such as the Advisory Committee on Resource Allocation and earlier organisations

110   Department of Health and Social Care and predecessors
       Include Directorates of Health and Social Care
See WX97 for health services in the individual UK countries; WX145 for commissioning of NHS services
       See HV104 for social services departments

112   Health Authorities. Special Health Authorities
Include predecessor bodies such as Strategic Health Authorities, District Health Authorities etc.
       Include NHS Boards in Scotland and Health Boards in Wales and N. Ireland
       Include regional plans and policies from earlier organisations
See WX145 for Commissioning of services; WX162 for Workforce planning and Education and training

116   Community NHS Trusts.
       Include works on Primary Care Trusts (PCTs)
       Include strategic plans, annual reports etc.
       See WX145 for Integrated Care Boards (ICBs) and predecessor bodies such as Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs)


120   Hospitals and units
       Include strategic plans
See WX122 for hospital Trusts; WX 850 for private hospitals; WA105 for community hospitals

122   NHS Trusts
Include hospital NHS Trusts, NHS Foundation Trusts and Mental Health Trusts
       Include strategic plans, annual reports etc
See WX116 for Community NHS Trusts; WX550 for Ambulance Trusts
See WX145 for Integrated Care Boards (ICBs) and predecessor bodies such as Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs); WX865 for NHS/private contracts

125   Consumer champions for health (and social) care; Healthwatch and predecessors
       Include reports and discussion

128   Advisory and other bodies financed by central government
       Include the King's Fund

130   Inter institutional relationships
       Include joint funding.

Management of Health Services Classify here only management techniques specific to health services. Classify works on general techniques applied to health service management in the general management section WX200-480, e.g. Leadership in the NHS at WX224.2

135   Management. General works on NHS and health service management only
       Use for hospital management as a specialty
       Include senior managers and executive teams; care group management and
       clinical directorates

138   Medical economics. Health economics
       See WX260 for financial management

140   Planning of services. Strategic planning. Health & Wellbeing Boards
       Include assessment of need and surveys; Joint Strategic Needs Assessment;
       Classify with specialty where possible, usually at 27 of the relevant section
       See WX212.3 for project management; WX145 for commissioning of services

145   Commissioning of services. Internal markets. Identification of core and non core services. Contracts for health care
Include NHS England, Integrated Care Boards (ICBs), Integrated Care Systems and predecessor bodies such as Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs)
       See WX865 for NHS/private sector contracts

150   Resource management. General works
       Include Resource Management Initiatives (RMI)

155       Management of financial resources. Income generation. Clinical budgeting Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs)

158       Management of capital resources
           Include capital assets and charges
           Include hospital closure, decommissioning and change of use

162       Management of human resources. Workforce planning. General works
Include NHS England Workforce, Training and Education (WTE) Directorate and predecessor bodies such as Health Education England and Local Education & Training Boards (LETBs). Regional People Boards.
See WX400 480 for human resources management; WA205 for medical workforce planning and WY64 for nursing workforce planning

164   Contracting out. Privatisation of staff and services. Use of consultancy firms

170   Delivery of health care. Use of resources. General works
       Include evaluation, e.g. cost-effectiveness, efficiency
See WX175 for evaluation of quality of care; WX179 for quality accreditation e.g. by CQC

Clinical Governance. Quality of Care 175   Clinical governance. Quality of health care. General works
       Include work of the Care Quality Commission here or WX178
       See WY205 for clinical governance in nursing and WA131 for clinical governance
       in primary health care, WX178 for standards

176       Specific aspects of clinical governance, e.g. performance management, clinical risk management, clinical effectiveness. Include clinical incident reporting, clinical audit., etc
           See WX375 for performance indicators and collection of data etc
           See WX223 for general works on risk management
           See WA217 for medical audit

178   Standards of care. Clinical guidelines
       Include role of NICE
       Include general works on the development of National Service Frameworks
       Classify individual standards and guidelines with the subject where possible

179   Accreditation by non-governmental bodies

180   Whistle blowing. Freedom to Speak Up

Management Skills and Techniques not specific to Health Services See WX135-179 for management techniques specific to the NHS and health services. See sections in WLM for general (non-employment related) works on self-development and self-improvement

200   Management. Skills and techniques. General works
       Include subjects not indexed elsewhere

201   Organisational theory in relation to management. Organisation development (OD)
       Include Corporate governance
       See WLM820 for psychology of organisations in general

202   Management organisations and societies e.g. Chartered Management Institute
       Include directories

204   Education and training
       Include management development, MBA. National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs), competencies, training, examinations

212   Specific management techniques not included below e.g. action learning
See WX162 for workforce planning in health services; WX224.5 for change management

212.2   Time management

212.3   Project management

212 .5    Strategic management
       Include organisational objectives; business planning; Lean thinking, Six sigma etc
       See WX140 for strategic planning in the health services

213   Knowledge management

214   Marketing. Commerce. General works
       Include market research
       See WX145 for health service commissioning etc

218   Control systems. Systems analysis. Operations research

220   O and M. Operations management. Work study

222   Quality assurance. Professional audit of managers. Management audit. Total quality
management (TQM). Bench marking. Performance indicators. Root cause analysis
       See WX175 for quality assurance in health services; WX375 for use of data in
       evaluation of quality in health services

223   Risk management
       See W370 for health and safety aspects of risk management; WX176 for
       clinical risk management

224   Behavioural science in management. General works
       See WLM814 for assertiveness training; WX405 for the use of behavioural
       science in human resource management

224.2       Leadership

224.4       Teams. Team building. Team-working. Delegation
Include works on remote, hybrid or distributed teams. For remote or hybrid work in general, see WX435

224.5         Change management

225   Meetings and committees, their organisation, running and control
       Include works on remote or hybrid meetings. For remote or hybrid work in general, see WX435

226   Report writing
       See Q50 for scientific writing

228   Press and public relations (PR). Disclosure of information. Communication
       Include presentation skills and public speaking and telephone techniques

229       Customer relations and customer care

Administrative and Clerical Staff 230   Administrative and clerical staff. General works
       Include pay and conditions (see also WX 451)

232   Organisations. Professional bodies, e.g. AMSPAR

234   Education and training. Qualifications, e.g. NVQs
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study
240   Office practices. Clerical procedures. General works
       Include switchboards and telephone systems
       See WX228 for telephoning techniques

242   Automation in the office

250   Medical secretaries. Secretarial duties. Medical receptionists and their duties. Shorthand. Correspondence.
       See WX226 for report writing

Finance 260   Financial management. General works
       Include finance department

265   Management accounting. Budgets

267       Inflation accounting

268       Cost benefit analysis

270   Accounting. General works

274       Examinations. Questions and answers

275       Automation in accounts

277       Mathematics in accountancy

279       Book keeping

280   Financial accounting. Cash limits. Balance sheets. Financial statements
       Include published accounts

88   Cost accounting
       Include published accounts

290   Auditing
       Include sampling

295   Taxation accounting

Salaries and Wages Use for the administration of salaries and wages. See also for specific groups of staff, e.g. WA241-242 for medical staff, WY72 for nursing staff, WX230 for admin and clerical

300   Salary administration. General works
       See WX451 for pay scales

305   Incentive and bonus schemes

310   Taxation. PAYE

315   Superannuation. Pensions

320   Additional payments. Overtime, travel expenses, unsocial hours, etc

325   Security aspects of financial procedures

Information Services 350   Information systems. Information management, Medical informatics. General works including specific to health
       See WX380 for use of computers in health care

360   Health and care records. Include Electronic Patient Record (EPR). Include works about patient-held records (PHRs) or personal health records.

362   Organisations. Professional bodies for health informatics

364   Education and training. Qualifications.

365   Legal aspects. Patient access to their records. Confidentiality. Retention and
   disposal of records
       See QA250 for data protection in general

370   Clinical data, e.g. In patient enquiry. General works
       See WX175-179 for clinical governance, i.e. how and why the data is used;
       W150-245 for health and medical statistics

375   Hospital Activity Analysis (HAA). Clinical coding. Data collection and retention
       Include performance and health service indicator data
       Include waiting lists, bed usage etc

380   Use of computers in health care. Information Management and Technology (IM&T)
       See QA100-350 for general works on computing
       Classify with specific subject or specialty where possible, usually at 26.5 of the
       relevant section
       See WX755 for communication systems in hospitals and other health facilities

395   Automation of health information systems
       See QA100-350 for general works on computing

Human Resource Management. Industrial Relations Use for management of staff in work settings in general as well as for the work of the human resources department. See also management of specific groups of staff, e.g. WA130-155 for primary care/general practice staff; WA200-242 for hospital medical staff; WY59-80 for nursing staff

400   Human resources management. General works
       See WX162 for workforce planning in the NHS

402   Human resource management as a profession
       Include professional organisations, e.g. Chartered Institute of Personnel and
       Development

404   Education and training for human resources work

405   Behavioural science in human resources management, e.g. psychometric testing,
   psychological profiling, transactional analysis (TA)
       See WLM812 for TA in general and WM490 for TA in psychiatry
       See WX224 for behavioural science in management. in general; WLM900-910 for
       the psychology of work

410   Administration of the human resources department

415   Use of IT, computers and telecommunications technology in human resources departments. Include staff record systems e.g. Electronic Staff Record (ESR).

420   Recruitment. Job selection. Careers advice. Interviewing (interviewer and interviewee). Application forms and their design. Job descriptions
       See WA241 for recruitment and selection of medical staff, WY68 for nurse recruitment
       See WA201 for interviewing technique for medical staff candidates

422   Equal opportunities. Equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI)
       Include all discrimination in the workplace on grounds of race, sex, religion, sexuality, disability or any other protected characteristic. Use for equal employment opportunities in all professions. Use for works about EDI departments. See J8 for equal opportunities outside a work context. See HM202 for cultural diversity outside a work context. See WLN170 for neurodiversity in the workplace.

424   Problems at work, e.g. harassment. Absenteeism. Workplace violence
       See WY75 for nursing staff

426   Incentive and motivation. Job satisfaction. Assessment and appraisal. Personal Development Plans. Job evaluation. Grading and re-grading

428       Employee participation and control

430   Conditions of service. Contracts of employment
       Include redundancy, retirement, job losses and downsizing
       Include employment rights, but see WQ55 for general works on maternity benefits
       See WX435 for flexible working and remote working. See WY70 for nursing staff

432   Staff training and development. In-service training. Mentoring. Coaching, Continuing Professional Development. General works
       Classify education for a specialty at 18 within that specialty. See also specific groups in, e.g. WX234 clerical staff, WX204 management staff; WY49 for nursing staff. See L for education in general

435   Remote working. Hybrid working. Working from home. Flexible working
For works about remote, hybrid or distributed team working see WX224.4. For works about remote or hybrid meetings see WX225

440   Staff counselling
       See WY78 for counselling of nursing staff

442   Employment law

444   Disciplinary procedures
       Include dismissal
       See WY26 for nursing staff

446   Grievance procedures

450   Industrial relations. Collective bargaining. Local pay bargaining

451   Salaries and wages
       Include pay scales (see also specific staff group)
       Include Agenda for Change
       Include NHS Pay Review Body (NHSPRB)
       See WX300 325 for administrative aspects

452   Trades unions. Industrial action

457   Allied health professionals (AHPs)
       Include only works covering AHPs as a whole.
   Classify with the particular specialty where possible

458   Technical and scientific staff. General works
       Include only works covering the staff group as a whole. Classify with the particular
       specialty where possible

459   Advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs)
Include only works covering ACPs as a whole. Classify with the particular specialty where possible.

460   Staff attitudes and opinions. Organisational culture. Psychological safety

470   Staff accommodation. General works
       See also WY71 for nurses’ accommodation

480   Other facilities for health care staff, e.g. creches

Administration and Management of Particular Units and Departments and Services 500   Administration of hospitals facilities. General works
       Include general works on hospital cleanliness here

514   Day hospitals and units. Treatment Centres. Assessment Units.
       See also with the specialty

518   Wards
       See WY232 for nursing management of the ward

520   Outpatient departments
       Include administration of clinic waiting times

527   Medical illustration and photography

530   Ancillary services. Soft facilities management
       Include works on the staff group as a whole

532       Portering services

534       Domestic services department

536       Catering department

538       Laundry and linen department

540   Central sterile supply department (CSSD)

542   Equipment. Supplies and stores. NHS Supplies

543       Purchasing. Group purchasing

545       Stock control

547       Distribution

548   Transport services for personnel and equipment
       SeeWX550 for patient transport by ambulance and WX585 for other patient
       transport services

549   Education centres. Clinical Services Departments
       Include design and administration
       See WA216 for Postgraduate Medical Centres

Ambulance Services 550   Organisation of ambulance services. General works
       Include NHS Ambulance Trusts, private and charitable ambulance services

555   Organisation of paramedical emergency services. General works
       Classify clinically focused works with emergency and traumatic medicine at
       WD411-458.   Classify works on emergency services in a specialty where possible, e.g. midwifery, coronary care. See WB400-430 for intensive care

560   Ambulance personnel

565       Education and training

570       Ambulance training school

575   Ambulance station

580   Vehicles and equipment

582   Specialist roles, e.g. air ambulance

585   Hospital car services. Taxis. Transportation of patients excluding that by ambulance
       See WX548 for non-patient transport services

Voluntary Services and Charities See also HV160 for general works on voluntary organisations and charities

590   Organisation of voluntary services. General works

592   Voluntary workers. Voluntary service co-ordinator

596   Independent Hospital Charities. NHS charities.

Hospital and Health Services Buildings 600   Hospital planning. Construction. Building. Hard facilities management. General
   works
       Include Capital Investment Manual (CIM) procedures and PFI procedures

605   Works division. Works department

610   Architects

615   Design of health buildings
       See WA129 for health centres in primary care

620   Specific designs of hospitals, e.g. Nucleus, Best buy

625       Designs of individual hospitals

630       Day hospitals

635       Wards

640       Outpatient departments

645       Staff accommodation

650   Quantity surveyors. Surveying

652   Estimating

655   Building materials

660   Interior design. Furnishings and fittings

670   Commissioning of health buildings

675   Evaluation

680   Maintenance. Upgrading. Renovation. Decoration

685   Estate management. Estmancode

690   Landscape gardening

695   Hospital farms

Engineering 700   Engineering services. General works
       Include material not specific to the NHS

705   Civil engineering, roads etc.

710   Power engineering

712   Energy management

715   Electrical engineering. Lighting. Emergency generators

720   Electronics
       See WN400 for medical physics

735   Mechanical engineering. Transport and handling systems
       Include lifts

740   Heating. Ventilation. Refrigeration. Insulation. Air conditioning

745   Sanitary installations. Plumbing

747   Waste disposal systems. Incinerators
       See W70 for clinical waste

750   Medical gases. Storage and piping
       See WO570 for anaesthetic gases

755   Communication systems, e.g. telephones, bleeps, paging, intranets, extranets
       See WX350-395 for health informatics; QA100-350 for computing in general

760   Security systems, e.g. closed circuit television (CCT), key card entry systems
       Include security personnel and crime in hospitals

Military Health Services Include Navy, Army and Air Force. See also WA284 for military doctors and WY260 for military nursing

800   Military health services. General works

810       Military hospitals

820   Health services in war
       See W410-415 for disaster planning

825       Nuclear war
           See WN670 for medical aspects

Private Health Care 850   Private health care. General works. Include all aspects of the private health economic sector. Include charitable and Social Enterprise health care provision
       See WX550 for private ambulance services

855   Attitudes to private health care

860   Private health insurance

865   NHS/private sector contracts and arrangements

870   Private hospitals

875   Private nursing homes

880   Other private health facilities

WY - Nursing

Nursing 10   Biography

11   History of nursing
       Include histories of schools and colleges of nursing

13   Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies
       Use for general works only. Classify with specific subject where possible, e.g. general dictionaries of nursing WY13, dictionaries of nursing research WY20.
       Add the suffix Z for bibliography, e.g. bibliography of nursing research at WY20Z

17   Professional organisations and Societies, e.g. Royal College of Nursing (RCN)
       Class organisations for specialist groups with the specialty

18   Educational materials. Study texts, questions and answers etc
       See also WY40-58 for education in nursing

19   Computers, IT and telecommunications technology in nursing. General works
       See WY115 for nursing information systems

20   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on specific subjects with the subjects
       Include Nursing Development Units

21   Nursing as a profession. Licensure. Registration
       Include Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)
       See WY59 for careers in nursing

22   Sociology of nursing
       See HM for sociology in general

23   Political aspects

24   Ethical and religious aspects

25   Code of conduct and accountability

26       Malpractice and disciplinary procedures

32   Laws

33       Discussion of laws
           Include law on nursing and law for nurses
           See K4 for general works on law

35   International and comparative studies of nursing professions, systems
       See WY250-274 for particular categories of nursing

37   Nursing in the European Union (EU)
       Include British nurses working in the EU

39   Nursing in the UK. Strategic reports and studies, e.g. A Strategy for Nursing
       See WY60 for service policy and planning in practice

Education and Training of Nurses 40   Nursing education. General works
       Classify syllabuses with the specific subject where possible
       See WY52 for curriculum; WY18 for study texts

44   Schools and colleges of nursing. Organisation and administration
       Include directories and entry procedures
       See WX549 multidisciplinary education centres

45   Student nurses

47   Basic nurse education and training
       Include diploma and first degrees; Project 2000

49   Post registration and in-service training. Specialist training. Continuing education
       Include Post Registration, Education and Practice (PREP), and post registration degrees and diplomas
       See WY59 for return to nursing

52   Course curriculum. Course evaluation
       Classify curricula of specific schools or colleges at WY44

53   Teaching methods. General works

54       Clinical teaching. Experiential learning. Practical experience
           Include reflective practice in nursing

55       Mentoring. Preceptorship. Clinical supervision

56   Learner assessment

58   Nurse teachers
       Include recruitment and training

Employment of Nurses. Careers 59   Careers and career development
       Include return to nursing after a career break
       See WY49 for continuing education

60   Nursing services. Employment
       Include costings. Nursing budgets

64   Workforce planning. Allocation. Use of agency and bank nurses
       Include night duty

66   Staffing levels. Patient nurse dependency studies. Skill mix
       Include statistics

68   Recruitment of nurses. Selection procedures and techniques

70   Conditions of service. Include performance appraisal NO
       See WY26 for disciplinary procedures

71       Accommodation

72       Pay

75   Staff problems, e.g. wastage, turnover, absenteeism, shortage, retention

78   Counselling of nursing staff.

80   Stress and burn out in nursing

Nursing Care Classify nursing care within a specialty with the specialty where possible

100   Nursing care. General and comprehensive works
       Classify nursing techniques at WY125
       See WB100 for the description of disease
110   Nursing process. General works
       Include assessment, planning, implementation, diagnosis and evaluation in
       patient care
       Include holistic nursing

112       Patient care plans. Care pathways and protocols

115       Nursing care records and information systems
           See WX350-360 for health information systems in general

118   Nursing models, theories and philosophies

120   General works for nursing auxiliaries, nursing associates, care assistants (HCAs), healthcare support workers (HCSWs) and assistant practitioners in nursing. Classify works for support workers in other disciplines with appropriate profession
       Include NVQ/Diploma study texts
       Classify work about nursing associates at WY245
       Classify works about care assistants, support workers etc. at WY248

125   Practical nursing techniques, e.g. bandaging
       See W372 for lifting techniques

145   Psychology of the profession of nursing and nurses
       See WLM925 health for psychology (including if written for nurses), and WLM for psychology in general

150       Nurse patient relationship and communication

155       Counselling of patients and relatives by nurses
           See HV112 for general techniques of counselling

Management of Nursing 200   Nursing management. General works

205   Clinical governance in nursing. Quality Assurance. Performance management
       Include nursing audit
       See WX175 for quality of health care in general

210   General works on the management structure of nursing, e.g. Salmon Report

220   Senior nursing management staff and unit team members. Nursing advisers

225   Senior nurses. Nursing officers

230   Sisters, charge nurses
       Include modern matrons

232   Ward management

234   Nurse assignment methods
       Include team nursing, patient allocation and primary nursing, the 'named nurse'

240   Staff nurses. Nurse clinicians. Nurse practitioners. Nurse consultants
       Include general works on nurse specialists and extended roles but prefer the specialty where possible, e.g. WK812 nurse specialist in diabetes
       See WA161 for nurse practitioners in primary health care

245   Nursing associates
See WY120 for general works for nursing associates.
Include education and training.


248   Nursing auxiliaries. Health care assistants (HCAs) and healthcare support workers (HCSWs).
See WY120 for general works for nursing auxiliaries, care assistants and support workers
       Include education and training

Particular Categories of Nurses 250   Male nurses

255   Foreign nurses in the United Kingdom

260   Nursing in the armed services

262   Nursing by religious orders

266   Nursing by voluntary organisations

268   Private and agency nursing
       See WX875 for private nursing homes; WY64 for workforce planning

272   British nurses working overseas, other than in the European Union
       See WY37 for nurses working in the EU

274   Prison nursing
       See HM530-90 for sociological aspects of imprisonment; WA97 for health of prisoners; WA288 for prison doctors

WZ - History of Medicine

History of Medicine 1                 Societies

5                 Collections by several authors

7                 Collections by individual authors

9                 Addresses. Essays. Lectures

23               Institutes

27               Museums

30               Chronologies

40               History of medicine. General works

History by Period 51   Ancient (to 476 AD)

54   Mediaeval (to 1453 AD)

55   Modern (1454 )

56       Early modern (to 1800)

59       Late modern (1801 )

60           19th century

64           20th century

70   History by area or locality

80   History of special groups or not indexed elsewhere

Biography 100   Individual biography
       See WY10 for nursing biographies

112   Collective biography

Collective Biography by Period 121   Ancient (to 476 AD)

124   Mediaeval (to 1453 AD)

126   Early modern (to 1800)

129   Late modern (1801 )

140   Collective biography by area or locality

Early Works 290   Modern editions of early works

292   Modern collections of early works

294   Criticisms of early works and bibliographies of single titles

Miscellany 305   Anecdotes. Humour

308   Curiosities

309   Folklore. Proverbs. Superstitions
       Include quackery from an historical perspective

313   Biographical clinics, i.e. diagnosis of diseases of famous persons derived from memoirs, letters, etc.

320   Body snatching. Grave robbing. Resurrectionists.

330   Medicine in art and literature

345   Historiography. Writing and publishing of medical history

350   Literary and artistic works by physicians

Z - Library and Information Science

Library and Information Science Bibliographies of specific subjects should be classified at the relevant number in the main schedules with the addition of Z at the end of the classmark, e.g. bibliography of psychiatric nursing at WM35Z, bibliography of sociology at HM100Z

15 Acronyms, abbreviations, dictionaries

Book Industry and Trade 20   Printing. General works on processes and techniques

24       Proof reading and correction

26       History of printing, books and bookmaking

40   Publishing

42       Directories

45       Microform publishing
           Include microform applications in the library
           See Z460 for the organisation of microforms in the library

50   Bookselling

60   Copyright legislation. Patent legislation
       See Z495 for Patents as media type

65       Discussion of legislation
           Include effects of copyright on libraries, photocopying, etc.

Library Organisation and Administration 100   Library legislation

102       Discussion of legislation

105       Public Lending Right

108   Statistics

110   Library administration and organisation. General works

112   Branch and mobile libraries

115   Management and management techniques applied to libraries. General works

120   Objectives. Standards. Quality. General works
       See Z235 for accreditation

130   Library design and planning. Green libraries

132       Allocation of space

134       Heating. Lighting. Ventilation

138       Library relocation. Library re-organisation

140   Finance. Budget control

144   Supplies

148   Equipment

155   Staffing

160       Personnel management

162       Conditions of service

164       Salaries. Pensions

168       Industrial relations
           Include trade unions

Library Housekeeping 180   Stock control

182       Circulation techniques

184       Issue and charging systems

188   Inter library loans and document delivery
       Include British Library Document Supply Centre

188.5       Electronic document supply

200   Security and security systems. Vandalism. Theft

210   Binding and repair

215   Regulations. Hours of opening

220   Public relations. Advertising. Publicity. Marketing

225       Display and exhibitions

227       Guiding. Sign systems

229   Libraries and audio-visual media
       See Z555 for audio-visual libraries

235   Library evaluation and measurement
       Include library accreditation
       See Z120 for general works on standards and quality

240   Reader services

242   User education
       See Z310 for user studies

250   Extension activities
       Include general works on library services for the disadvantaged

Services for Particular Groups of Users 255   Visually impaired

260   Housebound

265   Elderly

270   Hospital in patients. General works
       See Z600 for works that cover services to patients and staff

275       Psychiatric hospital patients
           See WM660 for bibliotherapy

280   Library services for readers with learning disabilities

290   Prison libraries

Library Science. Librarianship. Information Science 300   Librarianship. Information science. General works
       See Z600 for health care librarianship

305   Research. Research design
       Include research to support evidence-based practice
       Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

310   User studies

315   Education for librarianship
       Include educational materials for both teaching and study

317   In service training and continuing education
       Include Chartership

320   Professional associations. Yearbooks. Directories

325   International library organisations, e.g. IFLA
       Include co ordination and co operation

330   National library organisation and services
       See Z188 for the British Library Document Supply Centre

334   Co operative networks. General works

340   Computer applications in libraries. Library management systems. General works
       Include aspects of security and access
       See QA100-350 for IT and computing in general

342       Directories of computer applications in libraries

350   Information storage and retrieval. General works

352   Current awareness techniques. SDI

354   Abstracting and indexing services
       Include guides to the services available

354.5       Online databases
           Include information skills training

356   Other IT applications, e.g. use of internet and intranet. Subject-based portals and
   gateways etc
       See Z552 for digital and virtual libraries in general

358   Reference and enquiry work
       Include guides to reference materials

360   Collection development. Book selection

362   Book availability and duplication
       Include gift and exchange

365   Ordering and acquisitions

375   Cataloguing. General works

379       Cataloguing rules and discussion of rules

381       Catalogue production. Forms of catalogue

385       Co operative cataloguing

389   Bibliographic standards
       Include ISBN, ISSN and ISBS

392   Indexing. Thesaurus compilation
       Classify thesauri on specific subjects with the subject

394   Classification. Notation. General works

396       General schemes and discussions

398   Subject based schemes and discussions. Subject indexing

399   Filing rules and systems

Special Categories of Materials and their Organisation 410   Electronic books

420   Government publications

440   Report literature. "Grey literature"

460   Microforms

470   Multimedia

480   Serials

480.5       Electronic journals

490   Conferences

495   Standards. Patents
       See Z60 for patent legislation

Specialist Library Services Classify only general works here. Classify works covering specific topics with the topic rather than with the library type listed below, for example, book selection in the special library at Z360

500   Public libraries

520   Academic libraries

530   School libraries

550   Special libraries
       For health and social care see Z600

552   Digital libraries. Virtual libraries
       See Z356 for use of Internet and intranet in libraries
       Include services for remote users, distance learners etc

555   Audio-visual and multimedia libraries
       See also Z229 for libraries and audiovisual materials

557       Catalogues and guides to sources

Health and Social Care Librarianship 600   Health and social care libraries and librarianship
       Include postgraduate libraries and multidisciplinary libraries
       See WA216 for postgraduate education centres and WX549 for multidisciplinary
       education centres
       See Z630 for clinical librarianship

605   History and development

610   Directories

615   Education for medical librarianship

625   College of Nursing libraries
       Include library services related to Project 2000

630   Clinical librarianship

650   Guides to the use of health care libraries and literature

Cookies

Alphabetical listing of Wessex classmarks