Wessex classmarks

A-GV - General Works

General Works AE - Encyclopaedias

AY - General yearbooks and directories

B - Philosophy

BJ - Ethics. General works. See WA255 for medical ethics; WY24 for nursing aspects

BL - Religion. Theology. See WA40 for the work of the hospital chaplain

CB - Humanities. Include music and fine arts

D - General history

G - Geography. Include atlases and maps

GE - Environmental sciences

GE199 - Environmentalism and green politics. Environmental activism

GF - Human ecology. Anthropogeography

GF51 - Environmental influences on humans

GF75 - Human influences on the environment

GN - Anthropology

GT - Manners, customs and culture. Include folklore. See HM200-275 for social groups and processes

GV - Recreation. Leisure General works. See QT250-65 for health aspects; W560-580 for health promotion aspects

H-HB - Social Sciences. Demography, Statistics. Economics

H - Social Sciences - General H - Social Sciences - General

HA - Demography. Statistics 10 - Demography. Population statistics and dynamics. General works

Classify statistics on particular subjects or specialties at 16 of the specialty or with the specific subject, example, HV16 for social welfare statistics. See W150-245 for health and medical statistics. Classify works on general statistical theory at QA27-28

100 - General guides to sources, example, 'Review of UK statistical sources'

110 - International and comparative statistics. Classify all non-UK statistics here

120 - General compendia of UK statistics,example, Annual abstract of statistics

130 - UK Population and vital statistics. Include birth statistics

134 - Mortality statistics. General works. Use for death and death rates

Classify with the subject concerned where possible, for example, WQ562 for perinatal mortality

140 - Census

HB - Economics 4 - General works. See WX138 for health and medical economics

HM - Sociology

Sociology For works relating to social services and social work see HV.

1 - Societies relating to sociology

11 - History of sociology

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies of sociology. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible. Add the suffix Z for bibliography

15 - Classification. Nomenclature. Terminology in sociology

16 - Tables. Statistics in sociology

18 - Education and training in sociology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

20 - Research in the social sciences. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice.

Classify research on a specific aspect with the aspect. Classify scientific research in general at Q20; medical research at WB20. See W115 for epidemiological surveys

21 - Sociology as a profession

22 - Careers in sociology

35 - Professional problems in sociology, for example, Ethics

50 - Theories. Systems. Schools of thought, for example, Interactionist

100 - Sociology. General works. Include historical sociology, differentiate from history of sociology

105 - Popular works in sociology

106 - Sociobiology. The role of genetic inheritance in social behaviour. The argument that social behaviour is inborn, not learned. See WLM170 for psychological aspects, WL700 for physiological aspects

120 - Sociology in relation to other subjects e.g. sociology for nurses; sociology of religion. See W250 for sociology of health

Social groups and processes Sociological aspects only. See W for sociology of health and public health aspect. See also WLM800-895 for works on the psychology of social groups

200 - Social groups. Social roles. Socialisation. Sociology of organisations and groups. Include attitudes to each group specifically with the group

201 - Ethnology. Ethnography

202 - Comparisons between communities. Trans-cultural studies. Include multiculturalism but see HM 268 for racial and ethnic groups. See WLM820 for psychology of communities, groups and organisation

210 - Urban communities. Include transport, shopping, housing. See W144 for health issues in urban communities

215 - Rural communities. Include transport, decline of rural shops, etc. See W146 for health issues in rural communities

220 - Social class and income groups. See W260 for socioeconomic aspects of health and illness

222 - Socially disadvantaged or excluded, for example Gypsies, Roma and Traveller people, refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons. Include all aspects of poverty. See WA94 or WA96 for health issues. Put works on discrimination against these groups with HM268. See HV265 for welfare services

225 - Aspects of employment. Work. See WLM905 for psychological aspects; W 300-390 for occupational health

227 - Sociology of particular professions and occupations. Exclude health. See WA200 for sociology of the medical profession; WY22 for sociology of nursing

230 - Aspects of unemployment. Redundancy. See WLM910 for psychological aspects and W260 for socioeconomic aspects of health

235 - General works on prejudice and discrimination against groups seen as “others”. See also WLM850 for the psychology of prejudice

240 - Gender roles. Men and women. Include sexism and gender discrimination in general, but see WX422 for employment discrimination. See HQ300-320 for gender expression, sexuality and gender identity; WLM895 for psychological aspects

242 - Women. See WLM895 for psychological aspects

245 - Feminism

250 - Men. See WLM895 for psychological aspects. For men’s health see WA99

260 - Specific cultures and communities. General works and comparisons. Include attitudes to each group with the group. Peer groups. See WLM821-825 for psychology of particular social groups; WA90-96 for health aspects

262 - Religious groups. Include discrimination. See WLM892 for psychology of religion; WA92 for health aspects

265 - Age group cultures. Include discrimination except for the elderly which goes at WT321. See also WS for children and young people and WT for aged

267 - Others not specified, for example, political, social. See J12 for political aspects

268 - Racial and ethnic. Include discrimination against refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons and Gypsies, Roma and Traveller people. See WA90, WA94 and WA96 for health aspects

270 - Racial discrimination, racism. Include legislation. See WX422 for employment discrimination; WLM850 for social prejudices

275 - Informal social control. Social mores. See WLM839 for psychological aspects

280 - Civil disorder. Social dissent. Civil disobedience. Use for groups undertaking deliberate acts of unlawful behaviour to seek social change, for example anti-war protesters; animal rights activists

Leisure and recreation Sociological aspects only. For general works see GV. For health aspects see QT250-65; for health promotion aspects see W560-580

300 - Leisure and recreation. General works including games and cultural activities. Include works on leisure facilities. See QT250 for health aspects of recreation; WLM440 for psychology of play; WS255 for play in childhood

330 - Holidays

340 - Sport. Include martial arts. See QT260 for health aspects of sport; WD500 for sports medicine

Crime and Criminology Classify criminal aspects of drug abuse and alcoholism in WM. Classify criminal aspects of sexual behaviour where applicable in HQ, except rape and sexual assault at HM434 and child sexual abuse at WS362

400 - Crime and criminology. General works. Include legislation. For works on the justice system see J9

406 - Statistics on crime, penology and police work

410 - Causes of crime. See WM700 for forensic psychiatry

415 - Anti-social behaviour. See WS340-355 for children and young people. HM280 for civil dissent and disobedience

420 - Offenders. Criminals. General works. Classify types of criminal with the specific crime. See WM700-770 for mentally disordered offenders; WLM822 for psychology of Criminals. WS for young offenders and their crimes

422 - Women offenders

424 - Recidivists. Persistent offenders

426 - Victims of crime. General works. Include compensation. See WLM824 for psychology of crime victims. See WA355 for medico-legal aspects of compensation

430 - Crimes against the person, including physical violence, hate crimes and those not specified below. Include criminals and victims, both adults and children; include abuse and safeguarding of adults at risk of harm. See WS360 for child abuse; HQ660-680 for abuse within the family; WT321 for elder abuse. See WM700-770 for psychiatric aspects of criminality. See WX424 for workplace violence

432 - Murder. See WM762 for psychiatric aspects. See HM600 for terrorist murders

434 - Rape and sexual assault. Include sex offenders. See WS362 365 for child sexual abuse; WM764-766 for mentally disordered sex offenders. See HQ340 for paedophilia and HQ380 for incest

435 - Kidnapping. Include hostages. See WLM824 for psychology of hostage victims

436 - Stalkers

438 - People trafficking. Include trafficking for sex work but see HQ440 for sex work itself

440 - Crimes against property. Include all forms. For forensic psychiatric aspects see WM768, for example, firesetting

500 - Law enforcement and law enforcement agencies. General works on all aspects

510 - Police work. Include all aspects

520 - Penology. General works

525 - Non custodial punishment. Fines. Probation. Community work. Restorative justice

530 - Imprisonment as a punishment. Prisoners. See WLM160 for psychological aspects of imprisonment; WM740-745 for imprisonment of mentally disordered offenders. WA97 for the health of prisoners. See WA288 for prison doctors. Y274 for prison nursing

535 - Detention centres. Assessment centres. Remand prisons. Use for prisons intended for people awaiting trial, sentence or deportation. See WS346-355 for all aspects of juvenile crime, including young offender institutions; WM770 for mentally disordered juvenile offenders

540 - Parole. Aftercare. Rehabilitation of offenders. Social work with offenders

550 - Other forms of punishment. Include corporal punishment for criminal offences

560 - Capital punishment

590 - Penal reform. Include reforming legislation

Political crime, Terrorism and Crimes by state 600 - Politically related crime and its punishment. Acts of terrorism. War crimes. Acts of violence by the state against its own citizens. Genocide. See JD4 for anti-terrorist measures and JZ for general works on war

610 - Concentration camps. Imprisonment of political prisoners. Prisoners of war

620 - Torture. Include material on treatment for the victims of torture. For ethical aspects of torture use WA255

HQ - Sexuality. Relationships. Marriage. The Family

Sexuality. Relationships. Marriage. The Family Classify all aspects of sexual behaviour, marriage and the family in HQ except those concerned with health (for example. surgery), with children or where specifically instructed otherwise.

1 - Societies relating to sexuality, marriage and the family

11 - History covering all aspects of sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family

13 - Dictionaries, encyclopaedias, bibliographies of sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification. Nomenclature. Terminology

16 - Tables. Statistics. Relating to sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family

20 - Research. Research design. Relating to sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Sexology as a profession. Careers in sexology and marriage guidance and counselling

27 - Sexual health services. General works on all aspects. Works on sexual health clinics should go with WC141 or in WS if aimed at young people. Works on improving sexual technique should go in HQ134 or HQ390. Works for LGBTQ+ persons should go at HQ305 or HQ320. See WC141 for health services for sexually transmitted disease only

32 - Law and legislation on sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family. See WS32 for legislation relating to children

33 - Discussion of legislation on all aspects of the law relating to sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family, including civil partnerships and marriage for LGBTQ+ persons

100 - Sex and sexual behaviour. General works. Include social aspects, for example, courtship. See WS270 for sexuality in children and young people. See WQ 223 for teenage pregnancy

102 - Physiology of sexual activity, for example, Masters and Johnson

110 - History of sexual behaviour (traditions, culture etc.)

115 - Cross cultural comparisons

117 - Religious attitudes to sexuality, relationships, marriage and the family

120 - Psychology of sex. General works. See WM484 for psychoanalytic approach

Sex education and Sexual health promotion All numbers from HQ130-136 may be taken to include the "sexual health promotion" concept. See also W500-580 for general works on health promotion and WC144 for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

130 - Works concerning sex education and its teaching. Include specific health promotion campaigns

132 - School texts and health promotion material

134 - Popular works on sexuality and sexual intercourse, for example, Joy of sex

136 - Sex education as it relates to the medical profession and nursing. The teaching of sexual medicine to the medical profession

Family planning and Birth control 150 - Birth control and family planning. General works. Include discussions on family size. For works on population control see HA. For works on population characteristics and dynamics see HA10

152 - Education in birth control for the professional, for example, the family planning nurse

153 - History of birth control and family planning. Include history of abortion

155 - Ethics of birth control. Include staff attitudes

158 - Family planning services. Include family planning clinics. Include services for adolescents

160 - Methods of contraception. General works

162 - I.U.C.D. Intrauterine contraceptive devices. Include those with a chemical or hormonal component

164 - Oral contraception. Include induced menstruation, “morning after” pill, male pill etc. See QV177 for pharmacological aspects and appropriate place in main schedule for medical treatment of side effects. For depot or delayed action. See HQ169

166 - Barrier methods. Male and female

168 - Natural family planning. Rhythm method

169 - Other methods. Include injectable/long term/depot contraceptives

170 - Abortion. General works. Include legislation and statistics. Include legal establishment of the beginning of life. See QV175 for abortifacient agents. See WQ440 for surgical techniques

172 - Ethical aspects of abortion. Include staff attitudes.

174 - Methods of abortion other than surgical, for example, vacuum aspiration, early abortion “Morning after” pill goes at HQ164. See WQ440 for surgical techniques

176 - Facilities for abortion, for example, day centres and private facilities. Include charities, for example, British Pregnancy Advisory Service

178 - Psychological sequelae to abortion

180 - Sexual sterilisation. Include works on other countries. See WJ780 or WP690 for surgical aspects

Sexual problems and disorders Classify sexual problems as a symptom of a specific disease with the disease

200 - Sexual problems and disorders. Psychosexual problems. Works on all aspects including impotence, premature ejaculation, “frigidity”, dyspareunia

Gender identity and expression, Sexual orientation and sexuality Include lifestyle, psychology, and gender identity. See also gender roles at HM240.

300 - Gender identity and expression. Sexual orientation. Sexuality. LQBTQ+ persons. LGBTQ+ allyship and Pride. Romantic orientation such as aromantic and other emotional orientations. General works

305 - Sexual orientation. Sexual diversity. Includes homosexuality, bisexuality, pansexuality, polysexuality, and asexuality. LGBTQ+ allyship and Pride. Include works on health services and support services, including fertility services, childcare, fostering and adoption

315 - Crossdressing. Drag, including as art form or entertainment

320 - Gender identity and expression. Gender dysphoria. Transgender or non-binary persons. Trans and non-binary allyship and Pride. Include works on health services and support services, including fertility services, childcare, fostering and adoption. See WJ715 or WP180 for bottom (genital) surgery. See WP910 for top (chest) surgery. See WK900 for gender affirming hormone therapy. See WJ712 for intersex persons

350 - Fetishism (legal and consensual). Include BDSM, sadomasochism. See WM320 for non-legal or non-consensual fetishism

Aspects of sexual expression 410 - Pornography. See WM167 for pornography addiction in adults. See WS753 for pornography addiction in children. See WS753A for pornography addiction in adolescents. See WS362 for child abuse aspects of child pornography

430 - Sexual abstinence. Celibacy

440 - Sex work. Include support groups for sex workers and those brought in by people traffickers. For people trafficking for sex work see HM438. For child abuse aspects of child sexual exploitation or sexually exploited children see WS362

Marriage, Civil Partnerships, Relationships 500 - Marriage. Relationships. Cohabitation. Common law spouse. Civil partnerships. Include works covering both marriage and the family

510 - Historical treatment of marriage and sexual partnerships

515 - Cross cultural comparisons of sexual partnerships and marriage

518 - Polygamy and serial monogamy. Repeated divorce and remarriage

519 - Single persons

520 - Relationship and marital problems. General works. Include adultery. See HQ675 for spouse abuse

550 - Separation and divorce

560 - Widowhood

570 - Relationship counselling. Sex therapy. Distinguish between counselling and therapy by counsellors who are psychotherapist and those who are not. Include sex aids and prostheses. See WM546 for psychotherapeutic counselling. See WM500-675 for psychotherapy and counselling in mental health contexts

Family 600 - General works and concepts not included below e.g. communes. See WS for works about children, including adoption

611 - Historical treatment

615 - Cross cultural comparisons

618 - Childless couples. Include couples childless by choice. See WP143 for gynaecological aspects of infertility and infertility services. See WJ709 for male infertility

620 - One parent family. Single-parent families

625 - Nuclear family

630 - Extended family. Multigenerational households

650 - Family roles. Family relations. Include maternal role, maternal behaviour. See WS240 for sibling relationships

660 - Family problems. General works

675 - Spouse abuse

680 - Other family violence. See WS360 for child abuse; WT321 for elder abuse

690 - Family therapy. Family counselling. Include family therapy as a career. Use for non-psychotherapeutic family counselling. Use WM430 for family therapy as a psychotherapeutic technique

HV - Social Services

Social Services For comprehensive works covering both health and social services use WA

1 - Societies related to any aspect of social services

11 - History of any aspect of social services

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification. Nomenclature. Terminology used in all aspects of social services

16 - Tables. Statistics relating to all aspects of social services

18 - Education and training of social workers. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

18.5 - Education and training of other professional and non-professional social care staff, for example, Diploma/NVQ’s

20 - Research in all aspects of social services. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on specific subject with the subject

21 - Work in aspects of social services. Careers in social services, social work and social care

22 - Directories of organisations working with social care and support

32 - Laws. Legislation. Regulations relating to social services, social work and social care

33 - Discussion of legislation

36 - Ethics. Accountability in social services, social care and social work

50 - Popular guides to social services

55 - Consumer and public participation. Consumer views of services

90 - Social welfare provision outside the UK. Include comparative studies

Welfare provisions by statutory body Note the difference between Social Services (statutory and non-statutory bodies who provide social care services to clients); social care which is the service “given to clients in institutions or in their own homes to help people overcome difficulties related to physical, mental, environmental or lifestyle problems at any stage in their lives.

It includes staff in both professional and non-professional roles who support vulnerable people living in the community and in residential care.” (Definition from www.Prospects.ac.uk); and social work which is a specific profession. “A social worker works with people who have been socially excluded or who are experiencing crisis.

Their role is to provide support to enable service users to help themselves. They maintain professional relationships with service users, acting as guides, advocates or critical friends.” (Definition from www.Prospects.ac.uk).

100 - Social policy and social welfare services in the UK. General and comprehensive works on the planning and provision of services. Include relationships with voluntary, charitable and private sector services. See WA100 for comprehensive works covering both health and social services, including aspects of joint planning and contracting of services

104 - Central government provision of social services. Include social service aspect of the Department for Work and Pensions. See WX110 for Department of Health

106 - Local government. Social Services departments in local government

108 - Economic studies. Cost benefit analysis

110 - Planning. Surveys and assessment of client need. See HV111 for works on quality of services and of service provision

111 - Quality of care and services. Evaluation and inspection. Risk assessment Evidence based practice in welfare provision. Include work of Social Care Inspectorate, Social Care Institute of Excellence

112 - Counselling as a general technique. Include works on counselling for particular professions here. Include general works on both health and social care counselling. Classify counselling relating to a particular disorder with that disorder, for example, Counselling with breast cancer in WP940. Counselling as a psychotherapeutic technique should go in WM546

113 - Supervision of counselling and counsellors. Psychotherapeutic supervision should go in WM498, supervision of social workers at HV115 and in other aspects of social services and social care, at HV111

Social work 115 - Social work. Operational policies. Methods. Practice. General works. Include supervision of social workers

118 - Relationships with clients. Complaints. Advocacy. Violence to social workers by clients

119 - Malpractice in social work. Include works on competence

120 - Inter professional relationships in social work. Liaison with other professional groups within social services. See WA103 for works covering partnerships with the health sector

121 - Administrative and managerial aspects of social work

122 - Field work in social work

124 - Case work in social work

126 - Group and community work in social work

128 - Medical social work. Include GP social work

130 - Hospital social work

Welfare provision by non-statutory bodies and charities 160 - Voluntary agencies and organisations and private companies related to social welfare. Include pressure groups, lobbies, charities. Put directories of charities and other organisations at HV22. See WX590-596 for health-related voluntary organisations

165 - Financial aspects of non-statutory, charitable and private providers of social care

170 - Self help groups in social welfare, for example, Pensioners’ Forum. See W650 for medical and health related self help groups

180 - Volunteers and their characteristics. For health related volunteers use WX592

Welfare services and Community care Classify general works here and those for groups not specified elsewhere. Classify social welfare for particular client groups where applicable as follows:

For children and adolescents - WS300-380

For the chronically ill and physically disabled - WB635 698 (Children and adolescents - WS535-598)

For the elderly - WT340 398

For the hearing impaired - WV635 698

For those with learning disabilities - WM850 896 (Children and adolescents - WS635-698)

For the visually impaired - WW800 898

Financial assistance 242 - Social Security payments. General works on all forms of financial support from the state to disadvantaged individuals, for example, unemployed, elderly except pensions. Guides to benefits. See WB640 for disability pensions; WT345 for old age pensions; WX315 for superannuation; Z164 for library pensions. See HV110 for assessment of client need. See HM222 for sociological aspects of socially excluded and poverty; HM230 for sociological aspects of unemployment; HM265 for sociological aspects of age-group cultures

246 - Supplementary benefits. Family benefits, tax credits etc

248 - Other forms of financial aid, for example, Friendly Societies. For directories of charitable organisations use HV22

Other forms of assistance 250 - Material help. Services. General works and aspects not covered below

252 - Professional home care services. Include food provision, for example, meals on wheels, soup kitchens

258 - Transport, social welfare aspects, for example, concessionary bus fares

265 - Services to groups of people excluded from mainstream provision, for example, failed asylum seekers, travellers, migrant workers, beggars

280 - Residential accommodation. Include sheltered accommodation, warden schemes etc. See HV900s for hostels and housing; WB680 for physically disabled; WM29 for hostels for the mentally ill; WM864 for learning disabled; WT380 for nursing/residential homes and sheltered housing for the elderly; WX875 for private nursing homes

290 - Day care, Day Care Centres. Do not include health related day centres

291 - Welfare aspects of disaster relief, for example, for natural disasters, terrorist acts, large scale accidents, famine, the consequences of war etc. For public health planning aspects see W410-15. For medical aspects see WD411-497

(Note: Numbers 292 to 899 are not used)

Housing 900 - Housing. General works. Include legal aspect

910 - Homelessness, ill-housed people and the homeless. For health aspects see WA93. Include organisations working with the homeless, for example, Shelter

920 - Problems arising from special types of housing, for example, high rise, tied cottages. Include self-help groups relating to housing, for example, Tenants’ Associations

922 - Substandard housing

925 - Hostels. Lodgings. Temporary accommodation. Prefer with the client group where possible – see WM29 for hostels for the mentally ill; WT380 for residential care for the elderly

J-K - Politics and Law

J - Politics 4 - Political sciences. Politics. General works

6 - Political ethics. Standards in public life

7 - Freedom. Liberty. Privacy. Access to information. Include freedom of information legislation

8 - Rights. Civil and political. Social justice. Include human rights legislation and equal opportunities apart from those relating to work which go at WX422

9 - Justice. Use for the justice system but see also HM520-590 for penology

12 - Socio political movements and systems. See also HM267 for group sociological aspects and HM280 for social dissent

JB - National government 4 - National government. General works

50 - Parliament. Place here works on Parliament, its organisation and function. Place acts of Parliament with the subject involved. Include works on elections

60 - Administration of government. Place here works on the administrative structure and its organisation. For exampl, the work of departments

70 - Government commissions, corporations and agencies

80 - Civil service

JC- International relations 4 - International relations. General works. Include EU and UN

100 - Immigration and emigration. For health needs see WA96. For sociological aspects see HM222. For prejudice and discrimination see HM268. For welfare services to some categories of immigrant see HV265.

JD - Protection of the state 4 - Protection of the state. General works. Include anti-terrorist measures. See HM600 for terrorism as a crime. See W410-415 for disaster planning include planning against terrorist attack. See HM510 for police

10 - Armed services

30 - Fire services. See W470-80 for fire prevention and protection measures

40 - Customs and excise. Include works on taxation

JF - Local government 4 - Local and municipal government. General works.For social services departments in local government see HV106

K - Guides to law 4 - General guides to the law. Classify legislation on specific subjects with the subject concerned. This is generally at 32 or 33 of the relevant section

L - Education

Education Classify only general works here. Education relating to a specific profession or specialty should be classified with the profession or specialty, generally at 18 of the relevant section.

4 - Education. General works

6 - Yearbooks. Directories, Guides, for example, British Qualifications

11 - History of education and of specific schools, colleges and universities

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Legislation relating to education at any level

16 - Tables. Statistics

20 - Research in education. Research design and methodology. Use this number for works on research directed at students up to and including degree level and also for adult education, lifelong learning etc. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject. Put works on scientific research and methodology at Q20

27 - Educational systems, for example, Steiner schools, co-educational or single-sex education. General works

30 - Primary education. Use for systems of education, teaching methods in primary education and primary curriculum. For history of specific schools use L11

35 - Secondary education. Use for systems of education, teaching methods in secondary education and secondary curriculum. For history of specific schools use L11

40 - Further education. Tertiary education. Use for systems of education. For teaching methods in further education use L70-74. For professional education use the appropriate part of the schedule with no 20 or L47 for general works on professional education. For history of specific colleges use L11

42 - Higher education. Use for systems of education. For teaching methods in higher education use L70-74. Include foreign exchange education. For history of specific colleges and universities use L11

45 - Distance learning. Correspondence courses. Open University. As systems of education. Use for teaching methods specific to distance learning, otherwise for teaching methods use L70-74. For mentoring use WX432. For mentoring in nursing use WY55

46 - General works on NVQs (Diplomas). Put NVQs for a particular discipline with the discipline, for example, Nursing (WY42)

47 - Adult education. Include adult literacy and numeracy. Include general works on professional education or those which have no schedule. See WX432 for work-based and in-service training and mentoring. See L46 for general NVQs

50 - Educational theory and philosophy. For learning and study see L56 and L125

55 - Sociological aspects of education

56 - Learning styles and methods, for example, action learning, problem-based learning. For works on games both physical and intellectual use HM300

57 - Reflective practice. Experiential learning. Classify reflective practice in specific professions with the profession concerned, for example, reflective practice in nursing at WY54

Teaching 60 - Teaching and lecturing as a profession. Careers in education

62 - Training health care professionals to teach. See HQ136 for teaching sex education to health care professionals and HQ152 for teaching family planning to health care professionals

70 - Teaching methods. Pedagogy. General works, further and higher education. For teaching methods in primary and secondary education see L30-35

72 - Simulation methods. Role play

73 - Computer assisted learning, e-learning, web-based learning

74 - Interactive video

75 - Teaching aids

77 - Audio visual aids

80 - Curriculum development. General works and further and higher education, for primary and secondary curricula, see L30-35

100 - Educational measurement. Examinations. Tests. Educational needs assessment

105 - Examination techniques, for example, MCQs, OSCEs

Study 120 - Students. Guides to student life. Pastoral care. Financial support, loans, bursaries etc.

125 - Guides to learning and study. Classify here works for educational settings only. Classify guides to research methodology for professionals at no 20 of the specific profession or specialty, for example, study skills for nurses at WY20

128 - Guides to writing theses and dissertations. Include essays, profiles and portfolios and their use

130 - Counselling in education

150 - Educational psychology. Include practice and professional aspects

P-Q - Language. General Science

P - Language Classify here general language dictionaries and thesauri

P - English language and literature

PA - Latin language

PC - Romance languages

PD - Germanic and Scandinavian languages

PE - English language and literature. Include English for overseas staff

PM - Artificial language. See QA120 for computer program languages

PN - Journalism. Narration. Anecdotes

PR - Poetry

PZ - Fiction

Q - General Science 4 - Science. General works. Cybernetics

11 - History of science

16 - Scientific tables

20 - Scientific research. Include all general works on scientific research and research methodology. Include scientific misconduct. Classify research in specific subjects with the subject, for example, medical research at WB20, health services research at WX20, social sciences research at HM20. See QV471 for clinical trials; W115 for epidemiological techniques

50 - Scientific writing and publishing. Include presentation of data, medical writing and publishing. See WX226 for management/business report writing

75 - Scientific instruments. Include microscopes and microscopy

QA - Mathematics. Computers

Mathematics. Computers 4 - Mathematics. General works

20 - Research in mathematics and computing

25 - Algebra

Statistics Classify theory and methodology within a specialty at 16 of that specialty. Classify compilations of general statistics (population, etc.) at HA and health statistics at W200-245.

27 - Statistics. General works on theory and methodology of statistical analysis. Classify data collection and associated tasks with research methodology. Classify works on health statistics theory and methodology at W150-155

28 - Specific methodological techniques, for example, cluster analysis

30 - Electronics. Include microprocessors

50 - Calculating machines

55 - Computer software for statistics, for example, SPSS

Computers and computing 100 - Computers. General works. Include works on IT training and qualifications, for example, ECDL. For software use QA125

103 - Dictionaries and encyclopaedias of computing

105 - Information technology. Automation. General works. Classify medical informatics in WX350

110 - Programming. General works

120 - Program languages, (for example, BASIC, Java)

123 - Operating systems (for example, DOS, Unix) and environments (for example, Windows NT)

125 - Software applications in general and suites, (for example, MS Office, Works). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

126 - Word processing and word processors, (for example, Word). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

127 - Presentation applications, (for example, Powerpoint). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

128 - Spreadsheets, (for example, Excel). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

129 - Databases, (for example, Access). Use for manuals and textbooks. Put ECDL modules in QA100

130 - Desk top publishing (for example, Publisher)

131 - Personal and group organisers (for example, Outlook). See QA305 for email

132 - Project management software

139 - Other software application not listed above. Hypertext. Artificial Intelligence (AI). Virtual Reality

170 - Personal computers. Microcomputers. Laptops. Notepads. Include memory devices, docking stations and general peripherals such as keyboard, mouse etc

180 - Handhelds. PDAs. Mobile phone applications. WAP. Other portable devices

190 - Scanners. Printers, including 3D printers. Other peripherals. Classify works about 3D printing with the topic where appropriate for example, 3D printing in orthopaedic surgery at WE120

200 - Computer installation and set up

220 - Environmental aspects. Health and safety. Ergonomic assessment

250 - Security of information. Privacy. Data protection. Virus protection software. Classify here all works on data protection, whether computerised or in other formats. See WX365 for confidentiality aspects of information and J7 for access to information

300 - Telecommunication aspects of information technology. General works only on all aspects of telecommunication. Online systems. Include texts, twitter and similar applications. For works on email use QA305, for networks use QA310 but see note there for Internet. See WX755 for communication systems in hospitals and other health facilities. See WB35 for telemedicine, for example, electronic delivery of X-rays

305 - Email

310 - Networks. Include Intranets and Extranets. For Internet and World Wide Web in general see below QA315 and 317. Include servers

315 - Search engines and searching skills. Classify general information skills and information skills training in Z354.5

317 - Internet. Social media. Media literacy. Include works on the social and political impacts of the internet and social media for example, misinformation. See WM165 for mental health aspects of digital technology use

320 - Websites and their uses. Design and content of websites. E-commerce. Social networking

QB-QM - Science. Astronomy. Physics. Chemistry. Natural History, Ecology, Biology. Botany. Zoology. Agriculture.

QB - Astronomy 1 - General works on astronomy

460 - Astrophysics

500 - Solar system

QC - Physics 4 - Physics. General works

20 - Metric system. SI units

50 - Standards and specifications. General works. Include directories and yearbooks

120 - Mechanics

QD - Chemistry 4 - Chemistry. General works

10 - Inorganic chemistry

20 - Organic chemistry

30 - Physical chemistry

QH - Natural History. Ecology. Biology 10 - Natural history. General works

20 - Conservation of living beings. For environmental issues see GE

30 - Ecology. For human ecology and impact of humans on the environment see GF. Use for ecosystems

50 - Biology. General works

60 - Research in pure biology, not including medical aspects see Q20. Include bioethics not involving medicine

90 - Evolution

QK - Botany 4 - Botany. General works. For phytotherapy and medicinal plants see QV466

QL - Zoology 4 - Zoology. General works on animals and their anatomy and physiology. For domesticated animals see QM30

20 - Invertebrates

30 - Vertebrates

QM - Agriculture 10 - Agriculture. General works

15 - Health and safety

20 - Horticulture

30 - Husbandry. Include animal diseases, animal nutrition etc.

QS - Human anatomy

Human anatomy Classify works on anatomy of a part of the body with the part. Classify works on surgical anatomy in WO101.

4 - Human anatomy. Atlases. General works. Include regional anatomy and digital image data sets of human anatomy. See WO101 for anatomy for surgeons; QS124 for comparative anatomy. Classify works covering both anatomy and physiology at QT104

11 - History of the study of human anatomy

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspects where possible

15 - Classification. Terminology in human anatomy

16 - Tables. Statistics relating to human anatomy

18 - Education and training in human anatomy. Include educational materials for teaching and study

20 - Research. Research design in human anatomy. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific aspect with the aspect.

21 - Anatomy as a profession. Careers

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques in anatomy

39 - Handbooks and resource guides in anatomy

124 - Comparative anatomy of humans and animals

130 - Dissection manuals. Include animals

132 - Laws concerning dissection. Discussion of laws

Histology 504 - Histology. General works. Include atlases and history of histology

513 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias of histology

518 - Education and training in histology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

520 - Research. Research design in histology. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific aspect with the aspect

521 - Histology as a profession. Careers

523 - Tissue banks. Include tissue donors. Include works on research on tissue donation, psychology etc. For legal, ethical and religious aspects see WO315

525 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques in histology

526.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in histology

529 - Handbooks and resource guides in histology

530 - Experimental histology

531 - Histocytochemistry

532 - Tissue types. General works on normal tissue. See also with the subject concerned, for example, connective tissue in WD700-775; foetal tissue in WQ; ageing tissue in WT; lymphoid tissue in WH

Embryology Up to and including the 8th week after conception. Classify here works for the embryologist. Prefer WQ210-218 for works on foetus

604 - Embryology. General works. Include atlases

611 - History of embryology

618 - Education and training in embryology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

620 - Research in embryology. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

621 - Embryology as a profession. Careers

629 - Handbooks and resource guides in embryology

638 - Sex determination (Genetics) Sex preselection. Classify works on confirming the sex of the embryo by examination or genetic tests in WQ206

640 - Sex differentiation

642 - Twinning. Multiple embryo production. Include triplets, quads, etc. See WQ236 for multiple pregnancy

645 - Ovum/embryo implantation. Placentation. Foetal membranes. See WP618 for Ovum/Oocyte and ovum donors. See WQ205 for fertilisation and ovum development. See WQ208 IVF, GIFT; QS685 for in vitro use of embryo

675 - Congenital abnormalities. General or not indexed elsewhere, for example, Tuberous sclerosis. Classify works on specific abnormalities with anatomical part involved, for example, cleft palate WV440

677 - Chromosome abnormalities, including experimental works. Chromosome disorders. See QZ50 for genetic aspects and WQ216 for foetal abnormalities

679 - Drug-induced abnormalities, including experimental works

681 - Radiation-induced abnormalities, including experimental works. Classify works on specific abnormalities with the part involved

685 - In vitro fertilised embryos as experimental material

687 - Foetal research. For embryonic and foetal stem cell research use QU328

690 - Ethical implications

QT - Human physiology

Human physiology 4 - Comparative physiology between humans and animals

20 - Research. Research design in physiology. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Physiology as a profession. Ethics, peer review

23 - Laboratories. Institutes in physiology

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques in physiology

26 - Equipment and supplies relating to physiology

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in physiology

29 - Handbooks and resource guides in physiology

Physics. Mathematics. Engineering 34 - Biophysics. Ergonomics. See WN for Radiology and diagnostic imaging

36 - Biomedical engineering

36.5 - Nanotechnology

37 - Biomedical and biocompatible materials. Include ceramics and polymers. Put works on dental materials in WU. See WO350 for surgical applications

Human physiology 104 - Human physiology

107 - Popular works on human physiology

111 - History of the study of physiology

113 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies of physiology. Use for general works only. Classify with specific subjects where possible

118 - Education and training in physiology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

120 - Homeostasis

140 - Environmental exposure. Physiological adaptation

145 - Acclimatisation

150 - Hot climates. Desert climate. Tropical climate

160 - Cold climates. Arctic region. Antarctic region

162 - Other Environmental factors acting on human physiology

165 - Body temperature regulation

167 - Physiological periodicity. Circadian rhythms. Biorhythms. Biological clocks. Chronotype

172 - Exocrine glands

Healthy living 200 - Healthy living. Well-being. Self-care to retain and enhance health

230 - Lighting. Air. Sunlight. Living space

Health aspects of leisure activities and sports 250 - Recreation. Outdoor activities. See HM300 for sociological aspects of recreation

255 - Physical fitness. Physical education. See W570 for health promotion aspects of physical fitness

260 - Athletics. Sports. See HM 340 for sociological aspects of sports; W570 for health promotion aspects of sports; WD 500-510 for Sports medicine

265 - Relaxation. Rest. Sleep. Use also for lack of rest, sleep deprivation etc. For general works see WL720-6

QU - Biochemistry

Biochemistry 4 - Biochemistry. General works

11 - History

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific subjects where possible, for example, general dictionaries of nursing WY13, dictionaries of nursing research WY20. Add the suffix Z for bibliography, for example, bibliography of nursing research at WY20Z

15 - Classification. Nomenclature

16 - Tables. Statistics

18 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

20 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Biochemistry as a profession. Careers in biochemistry

22 - Directories

23 - Laboratories. Institutes

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques. Include electrophoresis, chromatography and cryopreservation

26 - Equipment and supplies

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

32 - Laws

33 - Discussion of laws

34 - Biochemical phenomena. General or not indexed elsewhere. Include binding sites, diffusion, energy transfer, osmosis etc. when related to biochemistry in general

39 - Handbooks. Resource guides in biochemistry

Biochemical compounds See WD40-80 for a chemistry of food substances.

54 - Nitrogen and related compounds. Classify works on nitrogen compounds that work primarily on a particular body system in QV

Proteins. Amino acids. Peptides Classify here works on proteins in general. Classify proteins in food at WD42.

Classify works on proteins that work primarily on a particular body system in QV; on those that are localised, classify by site, for example, eye proteins in WW101; on those that are enzymes or co-enzymes in QU135-141 or with the system acted upon; on blood proteins in WH or in clinical pathology QY450; on immunoglobulins in QW601; on other immunoproteins in the appropriate QW number.

55 - Proteins. Include carrier proteins, intracellular and intercellular signalling peptides and proteins; cytoskeletal and scleroproteins including collagen; glycoproteins; heat-shock proteins, molecular chaperones; membrane proteins; cell surface receptors; metalloproteins and protein phenomena. For dietary protein see WD42

56 - Nucleoproteins

57 - Nucleosides. Nucleotides

58 - Nucleic acids and derivatives. General or not indexed elsewhere classified. Classify works on derivatives acting on blood and blood formation in QV185

58.5 - DNA

58.7 - RNA

60 - Amino acids. General or not indexed elsewhere. Include methionine. Classify works on catecholamines in WK725; on amino alcohols in QV82. For nutritional aspects see WD44

61 - Amines. Amidines. General or not elsewhere classified. Classify works on catecholamines in WK725; on amino alcohols in QV82-4

62 - Amides. (General or not indexed elsewhere)

65 - Heterocyclic compounds associated with amino acid synthesis and metabolism, for example, Allantoin, Indoleacetic acids

68 - Peptides. General or not indexed elsewhere

70 - Nitrogen fixation

Carbohydrates. Lipids 75 - Carbohydrates. For blood chemistry see QY450. For dietary carbohydrates see WD49

83 - Polysaccharides and derivatives, for example, Dextrins. Glycogen. For dietary polysaccharides use WD51

84 - Sugar acids and their salts and esters. General or not indexed elsewhere. For dietary sugars use WD50

85 - Lipids. For blood chemistry see QY450. For dietary fats use WD53-7

86 - Fats. Oils. For dietary fats and oils use WD53-7

87 - Lipotropic agents. Classify works on methionine in QU60.

90 - Fatty acids. Use WD55 for dietary aspects of fatty acids, for example, omega 3

93 - Phospholipids, for example, Phosphatidylethanolamines

95 - Sterols, for example, Cholesterol. Use WD57 for dietary aspects of sterols and cholesterol

98 - Carboxylic acids and their salts and esters. General or not indexed elsewhere

99 - Aldehydes. General or not indexed elsewhere

Biochemistry of the human body 100 - Body composition

105 - Body fluids. Classify here works on acid-base equilibrium, hydrogen-ion concentration and water-electrolyte balance in body fluids. Classify imbalances at WD296

107 - Growth substances. Growth inhibitors. General or not elsewhere classified

110 - Biological pigments

120 - Metabolism. Classify works on metabolism of a particular substance with the substance, for example, metabolism of proteins in QU55. See WD250 for metabolic disorders

125 - Energy metabolism. Calorimetry

130 - Inorganic substances. Trace elements. Micronutrients. For blood chemistry aspects use QY450. For dietary aspects use WD80

131 - Organometallic compounds. Organophosphorus compounds

133 - Colloids

Enzymes 135 - Enzymes. Coenzymes. Enzymology

136 - Hydrolases General or not elsewhere classified

137 - Isomerases. General or not elsewhere classified

138 - Ligases. General or not elsewhere classified

139 - Lyases. General or not elsewhere classified

140 - Oxidoreductases. General or not elsewhere classified

141 - Transferases. General or not elsewhere classified

142 - Enzyme precursors

143 - Enzyme inhibitors

144 - Enzyme reactivators

Vitamins 145 - Biochemistry of vitamins. Put all works on nutritional aspects of vitamins in WD60-72

Cells and genetics 300 - General works on cells. Use QY95 for cytological techniques. Classify works on cells of a particular tissue or organ with the tissue or organ

325 - Stem cells. Include research. Classify here general works on stem cell transplantation. Classify works on transplantation of a specific stem cell with the cell

328 - Embryonic and foetal stem cells. Include transplantation

330 - Adult-derived stem cells

350 - Cellular structures

375 - Cell physiology

450 - General works on genetics. Include population genetics. Genetic or DNA profiling. Cloning. See QZ50-52 for clinical genetics and clinical aspects of cloning

470 - Genetic structures. The biological objects that contain genetic information and that are involved in transmitting genetically encoded traits from one organism to another

475 - Genetic processes. Those biological processes that are involved in the transmission of hereditary traits from one organism to another

477 - Pathologic genetic processes

500 - Genetic phenomena. The processes, properties and biological objects that are involved in maintaining, expressing, and transmitting from one organism to another, genetically encoded traits.

QV - Pharmacology

Pharmacology Classify here works on pharmacology in general or on the pharmacology of individual drugs or types of drugs grouped according to their specific action.

Classify works on an individual drug according to its principal action.

Classify works on the use of an individual drug in the treatment of a particular disease with the disease.

Classify works on vitamins in QU or WD.

Classify works on endocrine preparations in WJ, WK or WP.

Classify works on non-endocrine biologicals in QW.

Classify the abuse of a drug in the appropriate WM number.

4 - Drugs and pharmacology. General works

5 - Popular works on drugs and medicines. See QV40 for popular works on drug action and side effects

11 - History of pharmacology. See QV411 for history of pharmacy and pharmacists

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification of drugs. Nomenclature

16 - Tables. Statistics

18 - Education and training in pharmacology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study. See QV418 for education of pharmacists

19 - Schools and colleges of pharmacology.

20 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject. See QV471 for clinical trials and QV420 for research in pharmacy

21 - Pharmacology as a profession. Clinical pharmacology. Careers in pharmacology. See QV421 for pharmacy as a profession

22 - Directories of pharmacology and pharmacy. See QV605 for directories of poison control centres

23 - Laboratories. Institutes of pharmacology and pharmacy

25 - Laboratory manuals in pharmacology and pharmacy

26 - Equipment and supplies in pharmacology and pharmacy

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in pharmacology. See QV426 for use of computers in pharmacy

32 - Laws relating to pharmacology. See QV432 for laws relating to pharmacy

33 - Discussion of laws relating to pharmacology. See QV433 for discussion of laws relating to pharmacy

38 - Drug action. Adverse effects of drugs and side effects. Classify here works on absorption, distribution, excretion of drugs; mechanism of drug action; synergism, antagonism, tolerance; factors modifying drug action including genetic factors. Include pharmacological aspects of drug induced diseases but see QZ42 for iatrogenic diseases in general

39 - Handbooks and resource guides in pharmacology. See QV435 for handbooks in pharmacy and QV607 for handbooks in toxicology

40 - Popular works on drug action and adverse effects. See QV5 for general popular works on drugs and medicines

55 - Drug information services

Drugs Use for pharmacological composition.

Classify predominantly treatment based works, with the specialty or disease concerned. For drugs with several different applications classify with the most recognised application.

Dermatologic Agents. Gastroenterological Agents 60 - Dermatologic agents. Classify works on topical anti-inflammatory agents here. See QV247 for other anti-inflammatory agents. Classify works on local anti-infective agents in QV220

63 - Protectives, for example, adsorbents, emollients

65 - Irritants. Astringents

66 - Gastrointestinal agents. Include bitters, carminatives, adsorbents. Classify bile acids, salts etc in WI703

69 - Antacids. Anti-ulcer agents

71 - Antidiarrhoeals

73 - Emetics. Anti-emetics

75 - Cathartics. Laxatives

Central Nervous system Agents. Anaesthetics 76 - Antitussive agents

76.5 - Drugs acting on the nervous system. Neuropharmacology in general

77 - Psychopharmacology. See WM402-403 for drug therapy of mental disorders

77.2 - Psychotropic drugs. General works

77.5 - Antidepressive agents

77.7 - Hallucinogens

77.9 - Tranquillising agents

80 - Central nervous system depressants. Do not confuse with anti-depressants - QV77.5. Note that some of the agents classed n this group of numbers QV80-98, are here because of their relation to the depressant listed

81 - Agents of general anaesthesia. Use for pharmacological composition. Classify here works on anaesthetics in general also. See QV 110-113 for local anaesthetics. Classify works on the barbiturates (except hexobarbital) in QV88

82 - Alcohols

83 - Methanol

84 - Ethanol

85 - Hypnotics. Sedatives. Anticonvulsants. Classify tranquillising agents (general) in QV81. See WO580 for use of pre-anaesthetic sedation

87 - Bromides

88 - Barbiturates. Classify works on hexobarbital in QV81

89 - Opioid analgesics. Narcotics and narcotic antagonists. See QV95 for general works on anti-inflammatory analgesics

90 - Opium alkaloids

92 - Morphine and derivatives. Heroin. Include morphine substitutes, for example, meperidine etc.

95 - Anti inflammatory analgesics. Non-narcotic analgesics. Classify general works on analgesics here; include aspirin. See QV89 for opioid analgesics and narcotics. Use WO580 for pre-anaesthetic medication

98 - Gout supressants

100 - Central nervous system stimulants

102 - Amphetamines. See WM297 for misuse

103 - Convulsants

107 - Xanthines, for example, caffeine

110 - Local anaesthetics

113 - Cocaine and derivatives for example, procaine, novocaine

Autonomic Agents. Non-metallic Elements. Neuromuscular Agents. 120 - Autonomic agents. Classify general works on bronchodilator agents here. Classify works on theophylline in QV107. Classify works on autonomic agents that are also anti-inflammatory agents in QV247; that are also histamine antagonists in QV157; that are also symphathomimetics in QV129; that are also vasodilator agents in QV150

122 - Parasympathomimetics, for example, pilocarpine, choline and acetylcholine

124 - Cholinesterase inhibitors and reactivators

126 - Neurotransmitters. Include serotonin and 5-hydroxytriptamine. Classify works on epinephrine, norepinephrine and other catecholamines in WK725

129 - Sympathomimetics. For example, ephedrine, diet drugs. lassify works on amphetamines in QV102

132 - Sympatholytics. Parasympatholytics. Classify works on cholinesterase reactivators in QV124

134 - Atropine and allied compounds

137 - Nicotine

138 - Non metallic elements and their compounds for example, carbon, phosphorus, selenium. The substances classed here are used largely in experimental pharmacology, toxicology and/or biochemistry for various purposes. Classify by specific use where possible

140 - Neuromuscular agents, for example, curare. See QV77.9 for tranquillisers

Cardiovascular Agents. Renal Agents 150 - Cardiovascular agents. Cardiotonic agents. Anti-arrhythmia agents

153 - Digitalis glycosides. Cardiac glycosides

155 - Quinidine and related compounds

156 - Nitrates. Nitrites

157 - Histamine. Histamine antagonists and receptor blockaders

160 - Diuretics. Antidiuretics

Reproductive Control Agents 170 - Reproductive system agents. Classify here works on substances used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy

173 - Oxytocics

174 - Ergot alkaloids

175 - Abortifacient agents. See HQ170-178 for sociological aspects and WQ440 for surgery

177 - Contraceptives (including those with indirect action). See HQ164 for sociological aspects

Haematologic Agents 180 - Haematologic agents. Classify works on folic acid and vitamin B12 in WD73 and WD70 respectively

181 - Haematinics

183 - Iron. Iron salts

184 - Liver extracts

185 - Nucleic acid. Nucleotides. Nucleosides. See QU 58 for works on the biochemistry of nucleic acid derivatives

190 - Drugs affecting blood coagulation

193 - Anticoagulants, for example, coumarin, heparin

195 - Coagulants. Haemostatics

Local Anti-infective Agents. Dyes. Tars 220 - Disinfectants and biocides. Local anti-infective agents

223 - Phenols. Cresols

225 - Formaldehyde. Nitrofurazone

229 - Oxidising antiseptics, for example, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate

231 - Halogen antiseptics, for example, iodine

233 - Detergents and other surface-active agents

235 - Dyes. See QV240 for general works on the pharmacology of dyes

239 - Boron compounds

240 - Dyes and related compounds used in diagnosis or as reagents, indicators etc

241 - Tars. Balsams

243 - Urinary anti infective agents, for example, methenamine, mandelic acids

Anti-inflammatory Agents. Anti-infective Agents. Antineoplastic Agents 247 - Anti inflammatory agents. See QV95 for analgesics; QV60 for topical agents

250 - Anti infective agents. See QV350-360 for antibiotics; QV220-239 for local agents

252 - Antifungal agents and antifungal antibiotics

253 - Anthelmintics

254 - Antiprotozoal agents

255 - Amoebicides

256 - Antimalarials

257 - Cinchona and its derivatives. Quinine and quinidine

258 - Primaquine. Quinacrine

259 - Leprostatic agents, for example, chaulmoogra oil, Dapsone

261 - Antiteponemal agents, for example, mercury compounds, bismuth compounds, iodides

262 - Arsenicals

265 - Sulphonamides. Sulphur and sulphur compounds

268 - Antitubercular agents and antitubercular antibiotics. See WF360 for drug therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis; QV356 for streptomycin

268.5 - Antiviral agents

269 - Antineoplastic agents and antibiotics. See QZ710 for drug therapy of neoplasms. Classify works on azaserine in QV252 with antifungal antibiotics or in QW920 with immunosuppressive agents

Water. Electrolytes 270 - Water. Inorganic ions. Electrolytes. See QU105 for water-electrolyte balance; WD296 for water-electrolyte imbalance

273 - Water. Sodium salts

275 - Cations and their related compounds. Alkali and alkaline earth metals. Light metals. See QV290-298 for heavy metals and their compounds

276 - Calcium

277 - Potassium

278 - Magnesium

280 - Anions. Halogens. See QV231 for antiseptic halogens

282 - Fluorine. Fluorides. See WU170 for dental pharmacology

283 - Iodine. Iodides and related compounds. See QV231 for iodine as an antiseptic; QV261 for iodides as antisyphilitics

285 - Phosphates

Heavy Metals. Gases 290 - Heavy metal and compounds. Include works on rare earth metals. Include toxicology and chelating agents in general but classify specific agents with the specific metal

292 - Lead

293 - Mercury. Include mercury poisoning

294 - Arsenic

295 - Antimony

296 - Gold

297 - Silver

298 - Zinc

310 - Gases and their compounds

312 - Oxygen and its compounds

314 - Carbon dioxide

318 - Helium

325 - Antioxidants

Anti-bacterial Agents. Tissue Extracts 350 - Anti-bacterial agents. General works and those not classified elsewhere. See QV252 for anti-fungal agents; QV268 for anti-tubercular agents; QV269 for anti-neoplastic agents.

350.5 - Cephalosporins. Chloramphenicol. Erythromycin. Gentamycins.

354 - Penicillins

356 - Streptomycin

360 - Tetracyclines

370 - Tissue extracts. Classify therapy of a specific disease with the disease and works on liver extracts in QV184

Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics 404 - Pharmaceutics. General works

411 - History of pharmacy and pharmaceutics. See QV11 for history of pharmacology

418 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study. See QV18 for education and training in pharmacology

420 - Research in pharmaceutics. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject. See QV20 for research in pharmacology

421 - Pharmacy as a profession. Careers. Registration of pharmacists. Ethics in pharmacy. Pharmaceutical societies. See QV21 for pharmacology as a profession

426 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in pharmacy. See QV26 for use of computers in pharmacology

427 - Pharmaceutical services. Community pharmacy services. Pharmacies. Include both hospital and retail pharmacies. Include economic aspects. Include quality, audit etc

432 - Laws relating to pharmacy. See QV32 for laws relating to pharmacology

433 - Discussion of laws relating to pharmacy. See QV33 for discussion of laws relating to pharmacology

435 - Handbooks. Resource guides in pharmacy. See QV39 for handbooks in pharmacology.

Drug Standardisation. Pharmacognosy. Medicinal Plants 438 - Pharmacopoeias. Official i.e. one adopted by a government or other authoritative pharmaceutical body

440 - Dispensatories. Formularies etc. Unofficial

444 - Pharmaceutical chemistry. See QV25 for laboratory manuals and techniques of drug analysis

446 - Pharmaceutical aspects of drug incompatibility

448 - Dosage. Prescribing and prescription writing. Dosage calculations. Medication systems for drugs only. Include nurse prescribing, prescription drug misuse. Drug calculations should go with QA4 if predominantly a mathematical text

452 - Pharmacognosy. Drugs of plant and animal origin. Natural history of drugs. See WB 55-64 for use in traditional medicine; see WB840-45 for herbal medicine

454 - Collection and preservation of naturally occurring drugs

466 - Medicinal plants and herbs

470 - Drug industry. Pharmaceutical companies. General works. Include economics of pharmacy and advertising and top-up fees

471 - Clinical trials and testing. Drug development. Standardisation and evaluation of drugs. Placebos go in WB330 as there will not be works on their pharmacology

472 - Patent medicines. Commercial preparations. Non-prescription drugs. Includes over-the-counter drugs

Pharmaceutical Processes. Packaging. Labelling 473 - Fraud in the manufacture of drugs

474 - Drug contamination. Drug recall

475 - Ethics in the manufacture of drugs. Include advertising ethics.

478 - Pharmaceutical processes. Drug compounding

480 - Storage and handling of drugs. Include safety aspects. Classify specific drugs with the drug concerned

485 - Types of pharmaceutical preparations. Dosage forms

486 - Solutions

487 - Tablets. Include capsules

500 - Vehicles. Pharmaceutic aids

510 - Flavouring agents

520 - Pharmaceutical preservatives

525 - Packaging

535 - Labels and labelling

Toxicology 600 - Toxicology. General works

601 - Antidotes and other therapeutic measures

602 - Detection of poisons. Tests. Techniques. Laboratory manuals. Classify works on medicolegal aspects in WA320

605 - Directories of poison control centres

607 - Handbooks. Resource guides in toxicology

Inorganic Poisons 610 - Inorganic poisons

612 - Acids. Alkalies

618 - Irritant poisons. See QV664 for lung irritants; QV666 for irritant gases

Organic Poisons 627 - Organic poisons

628 - Alkaloids

632 - Non alkaloids

633 - Hydrocarbons. Volatile poisons. Solvents

Gas Poisons. Chemical Agents 662 - Gas poisons and poisoning. See QV81 for anaesthetic gases; QV310 for gases used in therapy

663 - Chemical agents. Classify here works on chemical agents that are toxic or otherwise harmful to humans including works that discuss the use of such agents in warfare

664 - Lung irritants, for example, chloropicrin, phosgene. See QV666 for irritant gases

665 - Tear gas. Toxic smoke

666 - Irritant gases. See QV664 for general works on lung irritants

667 - Systemic poisons. Paralysants

QW - Microbiology. Immunology

Microbiology 4 - Microbiology. General works

11 - History of microbiology

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspects where possible

15 - Classification. Terminology

16 - Tables. Statistics

18 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

20 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Microbiology and immunology as professions. Careers in microbiology and immunology

22 - Directories

23 - Laboratories. Institutes

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques. Include bacteriological techniques, microbial sensitivity tests and virus cultivation

26 - Apparatus. Equipment

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

32 - Laws

33 - Discussion of laws

39 - Handbooks. Resource guides

45 - Microbial drug resistance

51 - Morphology and variability of microorganisms. Microbial genetics. Classify works on fungi in QW180; on viruses in QW160 or with the specific fungi or virus group

52 - Physiology and chemistry of microorganisms. Metabolism. Classify works on fungi in QW180; on viruses in QW160 or with the specific fungi or virus groups

Environmental Microbiology 55 - Environmental microbiology

60 - Plant and soil microbiology. Classify works on specific microorganisms by subject

75 - Industrial microbiology

80 - Water and sewage microbiology

82 - Air microbiology

85 - Microbiology of food, milk and other beverages

90 - Biofilms

Bacteria 125 - Actinobacteria. Actinomycetales. Include Actinomycetaceae; Bifidobacterium; Brevibacterium; Corynebacterium; Mycobacteriaceae; Propionibacteriaceae; Streptomycetaceae

127 - Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria. Include Bacillaceae; Clostridium

128 - Bacteroidetes

131 - Gram negative bacteria. (General) Including gram negative aerobic bacteria (include cocci and rods). Cyanobacteria

133 - Gram negative anaerobic bacteria (include cocci and rods and leptothrix)

135 - Gram negative chemolithotrophic bacteria

137 - Gram negative facultatively anaerobic rods

138 - Enterobacteriaceae. Include Enterobacter; Escherichia; Klebsiella; Proteus; Salmonella; Serratia; Shigella; Yersinia

139 - Haemophilus

140 - Pasteurella

141 - Vibrionaceae

142 - Gram-positive bacteria. Include Asporogenous rods, Cocci

143 - Mollicutes

145 - Phototrophic bacteria

150 - Proteobacteria. Include Rickettsiaceae

152 - Chlamydiales

154 - Campylobacter. Helicobacter. Spirillaceae

155 - Spirochaetales

Viruses 160 - Virology. Viruses. (General) Include oncolytic viruses. Classify works about a virus disease with the disease. See WC500 for viral disease

161 - Bacteriophages. Include Coliphages; Mycobacteriophages; Staphylococcus phages

164 - Vertebrate viruses

165 - DNA viruses. Include Adenoviridae; Herpesviridae; Papillomaviridae; Parvoviridae; Poxviridae

166 - Oncogenic viruses

168 - RNA viruses. These include Arboviruses; Arenaviridae; Bunyaviridae; Coronaviridae; Flaviviridae; HIV; Influenza viruses; Othomyxoviridae; Paramyxoviridae; Picornaviridae; Reoviridae; Retroviridae; Rhabdoviridae; Rubivirus. Rubella virus

169 - Vertebrate viruses, unclassified

170 - Hepatitis viruses

Fungi. Bacterial spores 180 - Mycology. Pathogenic fungi. Include Ascomycota; Arthrodermataceae; Basidiomycota; Mitosporic fungi; Phycomyces; Yeasts. Classify specific yeasts under the appropriate number for the class. Classify general non-medical works on mycology and non-pathogenic fungi in QK

190 - Bacterial and fungal spores. Classify works on bacterial spores alone in QW51; on fungal spores alone in QW180

Biological Warfare 300 - Biological warfare. See W410 for disaster planning, WD450-458 for medical services and QV663 for chemical warfare agents

Immunology 504 - Immunology. General works. Use for immunologic theory. Classify clinically orientated works with the system or disease. See WD350 for immunologic disease

504.5 - Immunochemistry. Immunohistochemistry

511 - History of immunology

513 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias

515 - Classification. Terminology

516 - Tables. Statistics

518 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

520 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

525 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques. Include immunoassay; immunoblotting; immunoenzyme techniques; immunophenotyping; radioallergosorbent test; radioimmunoassay

526 - Equipment and supplies in immunology

539 - Handbooks. Resource guides in immunology

Immunity by type 540 - Immunity. General works or not elsewhere classified

541 - Natural immunity. Immunogenetics

545 - Autoimmunity

551 - Acquired immunity. Artificial immunity. Classify preparations producing artificial immunity in QW800-815

552 - Active immunity

553 - Maternally acquired immunity

563 - Local immunity

568 - Cellular immunity. Immunologic cytotoxicity. Immunocomptetence. Immunologic factors

Antigens and Antibodies. Toxins and Antitoxins 570 - Serology. Antigen-antibody reactions

573 - Antigens

573.5 - Histocompatibility antigens. HLA antigens

575 - Antibodies

575.5 - Monoclonal antibodies

601 - Immunoglobulins

630 - Toxins. Antitoxins. Include antivenins. Classify works on toxoids, antitoxins etc as preparations producing immunity in QW800-815

630.5 - Bacterial toxins; Cytotoxins; Endotoxins; Enterotoxins; Immunotoxins; Marine toxins; Mycotoxins; Neurotoxins; Ricin

Immune responses 640 - Agglutination. Precipitation. Classify works on immunologic tests at QY265

660 - Lysis and bacterial action

680 - Complement. Complement fixation

690 - Phagocytosis

700 - Infection. Mechanisms of infection and resistance. Disease carriers

730 - Virulence. Invasiveness

Immunotherapy and Hypersensitivity 800 - Biological products producing immunity. Interferons. Classify works on vaccines and vaccination for a specific disease with the disease.

805 - Vaccines. Antitoxins. Toxoids. Classify works on toxins or antitoxins formed in the body in QW630-630.5

806 - Vaccination. Technical works only. See W121 for immunisation programmes and policies; W124 for travel medicine and immunisation for travel purposes; WS130 for childhood immunisation

815 - Immune sera

900 - Anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity. Allergens. Classify works on diseases of hypersensitivity in general in WD 300-375. Classify specific allergic reactions with the system affected.

920 - Immunosuppression. Immunosuppressive agents. Classify transplantation immunology in WO305

940 - Immunotherapy. Classify works on therapy of a particular disease with the disease.

945 - Serotherapy

949 - Active immunotherapy

QY - Clinical Pathology

Clinical Pathology A subspecialty of pathology applied to the solution of clinical problems, especially the use of laboratory methods in clinical diagnosis.

Classify here works on general clinical pathology and diagnostics.

Classify works on tests for a particular disease or for diseases of a particular system with the disease or system, except for works on syphilis tests which are classified here.

1 - Societies for clinical pathology

4 - Clinical pathology. General works. Include histopathology

11 - History of clinical pathology

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias of clinical pathology. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification. Terminology in clinical pathology

16 - Tables. Statistics in clinical pathology

18 - Education and training in clinical pathology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19 - Schools. Colleges of clinical pathology

20 - Research. Research design in clinical pathology. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

21 - Medical laboratory technology as a profession. Ethics. Peer review. Careers in medical technology. Include laboratory technicians, medical technicians

22 - Directories of clinical laboratory technology. Classify directories of all pathologists in QZ22

23 - Laboratories. Institutes of clinical pathology. Health Protection Agency laboratories. Public Health. Laboratory Service

24 - Safety in laboratories

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques. Classify works on specific tests by type

26 - Equipment and supplies in clinical pathology

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology. Classify works on use for special subjects by subject

27 - Pathology laboratory services. Include audit, quality standards

32 - Laws

33 - Discussion of law

35 - Anatomic models. Moulages. Mannikins

39 - Handbooks. Resource guides

Laboratory animals 50 - Laboratory animals. General or not indexed elsewhere

52 - Acquisition and transportation

54 - Care and breeding

56 - Environment (for example, germ-free life)

58 - Experimental techniques. Vivisection

60 - Specific types of laboratory animal, (for example, mice)

Laboratory techniques 90 - Chemical techniques. Include chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry and clinical chemistry. See WB141 for works for a clinical setting, for example, how and when to take a sample

95 - Cytological techniques. Cytology

100 - Bacteriological techniques

110 - Methods in medical mycology

Diagnostic tests 120 - Sputum

125 - Saliva

130 - Gastric and duodenal contents

140 - Liver tests

143 - Bile pigments

147 - Liver function tests

160 - Faeces

175 - Kidney function tests

185 - Urinalysis

190 - Semen

210 - Puncture fluids. (Peritoneal. Pleural. Pericardial). See WB377 for diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of punctures

220 - Cerebrospinal fluid

250 - Immunodiagnostic tests

260 - Diagnostic skin tests

265 - Agglutination, precipitation, flocculation and complement fixation tests

275 - Serodiagnostic tests for syphilis

330 - Assay of hormones

335 - Pregnancy tests. See WQ204 for pregnancy diagnosis

350 - Assay of vitamins

Blood tests 400 - Blood tests. General works. Classify works on morphology, physiology and clinical aspects of diseases of blood in WH. See WG for works on the cardiovascular system

402 - Cellular elements

408 - Physical examination. (for example, sedimentation; volume index etc.)

410 - Coagulation. (for example, bleeding time, clotting time, etc.)

415 - Blood typing

450 - Blood chemistry

455 - Nitrogenous constituents of blood

465 - Lipids in blood

470 - Carbohydrates in blood

480 - Inorganic substance in blood

490 - Enzymes in blood

QZ - Pathology. Oncology

Pathology A specialty concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process.

1 - Societies relating to pathology

4 - Pathology. General works

11 - History of pathology

11.5 - Palaeopathology

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification. Terminology in pathology

16 - Tables. Statistics in pathology

18 - Education and training in pathology. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

19 - Schools, departments and faculties of pathology

20 - Research. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject for example, research on cancer at QZ206

21 - Pathology as a profession. Careers in pathology. Ethics. Peer review

22 - Directories

23 - Laboratories, institutes, etc

25 - Laboratory manuals. Techniques

26 - Equipment and supplies

26.5 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27 - Pathology museums

32 - Laws

33 - Discussion of laws

34 - Comparative pathology. Works on histopathology should now go at the general number for clinical pathology, QY4

35 - Post-mortem examination

39 - Handbooks. Resource guides in pathology

Pathogenesis. Aetiology of Disease 40 - Pathogenesis and aetiology of disease. Include causative factors and development. Classify diagnosis and therapy with the disease or system. Classify nutrition disorders in WD200-244

42 - Iatrogenic disease. Adverse effects of drugs. Medication errors. Overdose. See QV38 for pharmacological aspects of drug-induced diseases

45 - Development defects

50 - Heredity. Inherited disorders. Medical genetics, include general works on genetic counselling. For general works on genetics see QU450-500. For chromosome abnormalities see QS677. See WQ173 and WM843 for genetic counselling in those areas and QV38 for pharmacogenetics. For Oncogenes see QZ520 and for gene therapy of cancer see QZ790. For precision medicine see WB310

52 - Genetic techniques and therapy; include clinical aspects of genetic engineering and cloning. Classify general aspects of genetic engineering and cloning in QU450

53 - Age factors. Sex factors. Classify works on age or gender factors of a particular disease with the disease

55 - Trauma (physical) in the pathogenesis of disease

57 - Physical agents for example, light, vibration in the pathogenesis of disease. See QT162 for physiological effects

59 - Chemical agents of disease

65 - Bacteria, fungi, viruses, Rickettsia as agents of disease. Classify works on specific organisms in QW

Manifestations of Disease This section is for general manifestations, not for specific diseases, which should go with the part or disease.

140 - General manifestations of disease. Pathophysiology

150 - Local reaction to injury and disease, for example, inflammation

160 - General reaction to injury and disease, for example, shock, fever, stress. See also WD490

170 - Manifestations of circulatory disorders for example, oedema; thrombus; ischaemia. Put works on specific parts and specific diseases with the appropriate number

180 - Manifestations of degenerative processes. Disorders of metabolism. Necrosis

190 - Manifestations of local disorders of growth for example, hyperplasia

Oncology 201 - Popular works. Personal accounts of cancer patients and their families. Include patient information on cancer

202 - Cultural and anthropological aspects of cancer

205 - Classification and nomenclature. See also QZ300 380

206 - Research. Protocols. Clinical tests. Include research to support evidence-based practice. Classify research on a specific subject with the subject

207 - Institutes, for example, Imperial Cancer Research Fund

208 - Directories

210 - Oncology. Neoplasms. Cancer. General works. Include works on benign tumours. Include works on complications for example, infections. Classify with specific disease where possible, for example, WP870 for breast cancer

230 - Pre cancerous conditions. Include polyps

250 - Invasive malignant tumours. Include staging

260 - Metastases

Morphology of Cancer 300 - Morphology of cancer

305 - Histopathology of cancer

310 - Embryonal and mixed tumours

340 - Connective, muscle and vascular tissue tumours

345 - Sarcoma

350 - Leukaemia and lymphoma. See WH250 and WH525 for clinical aspects

365 - Glandular epithelial tissue. Carcinoma

380 - Nervous tissue; neuroma

Biology of Cancer 400 - Biology of cancer. Include cell growth

420 - Biochemistry. Tumour markers

440 - Immunology of cancer

460 - Endocrinology of cancer

Aetiology of Cancer 500 - Aetiology of cancer. General works

510 - Carcinogenesis

520 - Genetic aspects of aetiology. Oncogenes

530 - Viral aspects

540 - Chemical carcinogenesis

550 - Environmental aspects. Epidemiology, clusters etc

560 - Diet and nutrition as causes of cancer. Do not confuse with diet therapy in cancer QZ770

570 - Occupational hazards

590 - Other environmental causes

Epidemiology of Cancer 600 - Cancer registries. Statistics

610 - Morbidity and mortality

Cancer Services 615 - Cancer health services and facilities. Hospitals. Include health services policy and planning

620 - Prevention and control. Include legislation

625 - Health promotion. See W560-579 for specific health promotion campaigns, for example, healthy eating

630 - Screening. General works. Classify with the specific disease where possible, for example, screening for breast cancer WP815. See W128 for mass screening programmes in general

650 - Diagnosis. General works only. See WN for radiological aspects

660 - Early diagnosis

670 - Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scanner. See WN230 for general works on CAT scanning

Cancer Therapy 700 - Therapy. General works. Include eligibility criteria for treatment

710 - Chemotherapy. Drug therapy. Include platinum therapy

720 - Hormone therapy

730 - Immunotherapy. Include virus therapy

740 - Surgery, include minimally invasive surgery

743 - Laser surgery

746 - Cryosurgery

747 - Radiosurgery for example, gamma knife

750 - Radiotherapy. See WN for radiological aspects

753 - X rays, gamma rays and other external radiation

758 - Radioactive implants

760 - Adjuvant therapy

770 - Diet and nutrition in therapy. Include cachexia. Put works on diet as a cause of cancer at QZ560

780 - Other types of therapy, for example, cold therapy, hyperthermia, use of cannabis (to control vomiting)

785 - Complementary therapies. Include those of dubious value as well as of proven value

790 - Genetic therapy of cancer

Cancer Nursing 800 - Cancer nursing. Care of the cancer patient

810 - Counselling, communication skills

815 - Community nursing of cancer patients. For example, Macmillan nurses

Other aspects of Cancer 820 - Psychological and social effects of cancer

840 - Psychological support, include cosmetic therapy, beauty tips etc.

850 - Rehabilitation therapies, include art, music etc.

860 - Advanced cancer

865 - Palliative care in terminal cancer. Include symptom/pain control in terminal cancer. See WL830-836 for pain therapy in general; WT640 for pain relief in terminal care in general. WT603 for non-medical works on death

W - Public Health. Health Statistics. Occupational Health. Accident Prevention. Health Promotion

Public and Environmental Health 1 - Societies in public health

4 - Public and environmental health. General works. Include Environmental and Health Impact Assessments (EIA, HIA). See W208 for public health reports See W206-245 for public health statistics. Include Public Health England and local Public Health departments and policy statements

11 - History of public and environmental health

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification and terminology in public health

26 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology

27 - Public and environmental health services. Health Protection Agency. See QY23 for laboratory services; A164 for public health nursing; WD83 for food safety

32 - Law and legislation in public health. General works

33 - Discussion of laws and legislation

Environmental Control For general works on environmental control use W4.

35 - Water. Water supply. Water sources. Include works on sanitary aspects of ice and ice making here.

37 - Legislation on water standards

40 - Pollution. General works. Class pollution related diseases with the disease for example, Legionnaires’ disease at WF195

42 - Legislation on pollution

44 - Air pollution. Include problems associated with air conditioning systems; ventilation and heating. See W352 for air pollution in the workplace

46 - Water pollution

48 - Bathing beaches. Public baths. Swimming pools

50 - Noise. Put occupational noise pollution at W358

55 - Other specific types of pollution

57 - Pest control. Disinfestation. Include pest control in hospitals

60 - Waste and sewage disposal. Include toilet facilities; incineration; soil pollution. See WX747 for waste disposal systems in hospitals

64 - Industrial waste. Include public health aspects

67 - Hazardous materials. Include transportation and storage. COSHH. See WN645 for transportation, storage and disposal of radioactive waste. See W410-425 for disaster planning aspects. See W350 for occupational health aspects

70 - Clinical waste. Medical waste. See WX747 for waste disposal systems in hospitals

90 - Registration of notifiable diseases

93 - Registration and certification of the dead

95 - Mortuary practice. Cemeteries. Cremation. Include the hospital mortuary. See WT605 for customs associated with death

Public and Environmental Medicine See W500 for health promotion.

100 - Preventive medicine. Community medicine. Public health medicine. Environmental medicine

105 - Public health physician. Include careers

107 - Education in public and environmental health for physicians

Epidemiology 110 - Epidemiology. General works

115 - Epidemiological techniques

Preventive Medicine 120 - Control of communicable diseases

121 - Immunisation. Include immunisation / vaccination programmes and policies, including mass immunisation against disease outbreaks after disasters. Classify works on public health aspects here and works on immunological aspects in QW800-815; See WS130 for immunisation in childhood

122 - Port health services. Include quarantine

124 - Travel medicine. Include immunisation for travel purposes only and popular works on healthy travel. See QW806 for technical aspects of vaccination

128 - Diagnostic services. Screening. Mass screening programmes. General works. See W310 for occupational health screening. Classify screening for a particular disease with the disease

130 - Epidemics. Pandemics, including pandemic preparedness. Disease reservoirs. See W121 for mass immunisation

140 - Health problems of developed countries

142 - Health problems of developing countries

144 - Urban health. See HM210 for urban communities in general

146 - Rural health. See HM215 for rural communities in general

Health and Medical Statistics Where possible classify with the specialty at 16 or with subject. Classify here works on statistical analysis only. Works on data collection should be classified with research methodology. Classify general population statistics, for example, birth and mortality statistics at HA130-134

150 - Theory and methodology of health and medical statistics. Classify general works on statistical theory in QA27. Classify theory and methodology within a specialty at XX16 of that specialty, for example, ‘Statistics for the Psychologist’ at WLM16

155 - Specific methodological techniques in health and medical statistics. Classify general works on statistical techniques, for example, cluster analysis at QA28. Classify specific methodologies within a specialty at XX16 of that specialty

200 - Guides to sources

202 - International and comparative

UK Health Statistics Include statistics for individual home countries.

206 - Morbidity. General works. Use for statistics on disease or illness. Classify specific morbidity statistics with the speciality

208 - General health issues, for example, On the State of the Public Health. Include local health surveillance reports

210 - Environmental health

214 - Occupational health

Non UK Health Statistics 218 - Europe

220 - European Union

240 - United States. Canada

245 - Other countries

Sociology of Health 250 - Health and medical sociology. General and comprehensive works. Include social/public attitudes to health and illness in general. See WA7 for the patient or ill person’s experience

260 - Socioeconomic aspects of health and disease, for example, Black Report. Include health inequalities

270 - Measurement of health. Health measurement scales. Health gain. Include Quality Adjusted Life Years. QALYS. Use only for the impact of treatment. See WA5 for quality of life; WM70 for quality of life in mental illness. See W115 for epidemiological techniques; WX140 for assessment of need. Classify assessment of client group need with the client group, for example, WT310 for the elderly. See WLM145 for psychological assessment and measurement

Occupational and Vocational Health the Working Environment 300 - Occupational health, hygiene and disease. General works. Classify with a particular disease, illness or hazard where possible, for example, WN610 for radiation injury. See W210 and W214 for statistics; WLM228 or occupational stress; WLM900-910 for occupational psychology. WM31 for mental illness aspects

310 - Occupational health services. Include health surveillance, pre employment and routine health checks. For mental health aspects see WM31

315 - Student health services

320 - NHS occupational health services

325 - Occupational health nursing

332 - Health and safety at work legislation. General works. Classify with the specific hazard where possible, for example, QA220 for VDU use and Eyesight. See W352-358 for common non-chemical hazards

333 - Discussion of legislation. See W375 for medico-legal aspects of occupational health

345 - Organisation of safety committees, representatives, Factory Inspectorate etc.

350 - Hazards. General works. Include lists of chemicals and other materials, for example, sharps. Classify with the specific hazard where possible, or add first 3 letters of hazard to this number, for example, asbestos W350ASB. For radiation hazards use WN620. See W67 for hazardous substances

352 - Air quality in the workplace. See W44 for general works on air pollution

355 - Industrial fatigue and its prevention. Shift work

358 - Illumination. Noise. Vibration

360 - Occupational absenteeism. See also WX424 for personnel aspects and WY175 for absenteeism in nursing

370 - Occupational accidents. Include risk assessment and management. For accounts of major occupational accidents for example, Bhopal; Buncefield use W425; for medico-legal aspects of compensation see WA370

372 - Occupational health aspects of lifting. Manual handling. Use for teaching health care staff, the public etc 'how to lift'. Include lifting techniques. See WE475 for back injuries

375 - Medico legal aspects of occupational disease and injury. See W332-3 for legislation and discussion of legislation

380 - Compensation for occupational injury and disease. See WA370 for medico-legal aspects of compensation

385 - Women’s occupational health

390 - Safety equipment. Protective clothing. Protective devices

Accidents. Accident Prevention See W370 for occupational accidents. See WD411 497 for emergency medicine. Classify accidents and injuries by body part where possible

400 - Accident prevention. General works

410 - Disasters and disaster planning. General works. Include works on natural and man-made disasters, for example, earthquakes, famine and the after-effects of war. Classify here comprehensive works and works on strategy and planning. Classify scientific/clinical works with the subject as follows: HM600 for acts of terrorism; QV663 for chemical warfare; QW300 for biological warfare and bioterrorism; W67 for chemical incidents; W130 for disease epidemics; WD452 for disaster medicine/relief; WLM824 for psychology of survivors; WM174 for post traumatic stress disorders; WN645 for radiation incidents; WN670 for nuclear warfare; WX820-25 for health services during war

415 - Major disaster plans include plans against terrorist attacks

425 - Accounts of major accidents and disasters, for example, Moorgate, Flixborough, Hillsborough, Bhopal; Buncefield; 2006 Tsunami. For acts of terrorism use HM600

440 - Transport and transport safety. General works and aspects not mentioned elsewhere. See W67 for transportation of hazardous material; WN645 for transportation of radioactive waste. See WX548-585 for hospital transport and ambulance services

450 - Road traffic accidents

460 - Prevention of traffic accidents and protective measures, for example, seat belts

470 - Fire. See JD30 for the fire service

475 - Fire in institutions. Include evacuation plans

480 - Prevention of fires and protective measures, for example, extinguishers, smoke detectors

490 - Accidents in the home. Include works on household items as causative agents

495 - Prevention and protective measures

497 - Other accidents, for example, water-related

Health Promotion and Education Classify here works that deal with the education of the public, individuals or groups in better health and the prevention of disease. See also W600-650 for patient education. See also with each disease for works on prevention intended for the public.

500 - Health promotion and education. General works. See QT200 for general works on health and well-being

505 - Health professionals as health educators

510 - Organisations, for example, Health Development Agency

520 - Teaching techniques. Teaching manuals for the health education professional

521 - Health promotion as a profession. Careers

545 - Education and training of health educators and health promotion personnel

Health Promotion in Operation 550 - General works. Include popular works on staying healthy. Include Healthy Living Centres. Classify works on a specific subject with the subject

555 - School texts. Include only works aimed at school children, see W520 for teachers’ manuals. See WS for works on children’s health in general

560 - Specific health promotion campaigns

565 - Personal hygiene

570 - Physical fitness. Exercise

580 - General works on the evaluation of health promotion campaigns. Classify works on specific campaigns with the subject

590 - Social prescribing. General works on the activity of social prescribing and social prescribing link workers. Classify works on specific activities prescribed (for example, exercise, art therapy) with the activity

592 - Arts in health and wellbeing. Arts on prescription. Include works about the Creative Health programme. See also WB563 for art therapy in occupational therapy. See also WM610 for art therapy as a therapeutic technique in mental health

Patient Education Classify here works that deal with the education of patients and their families to help them cope with the effects of a disease or disability. See also health promotion at W500 580. See also with each disease for popular works intended for the patient.

600 - Patient education. General works

620 - Teaching techniques for the patient educator. Evaluation of patient education

640 - Patient education as a profession

645 - Education and training of patient education personnel

650 - Associations and organisations. Include self help groups, medical and general. Classify material on specific organisations with the disease or disability. Concerned. See HV170 for self help groups in social welfare

WA - Patients. Primary Care. Medical Professions. Forensic Medicine

Patients and Patient care Use for the patient in community settings, the outpatient and the hospital patient.

Classify works on particular groups of patients with the specialty concerned where possible, for example, hospitalised child in WS, psychiatric patient in WM

4 - Patients. Hospitalisation. General works. Include overseas visitors seeking health care. For patient safety see WA55

5 - Social consequences of being ill. Include cost of illness (to the patient) and quality of life but see WM70 for quality of life in mental illness

7 - Psychology of illness. Attitudes to health/illness. Illness behaviour. Malingering. This number is for the individual’s attitude. See WLM 925 for psychology in relation to medicine. WM97 for hypochondria; W250 for social attitudes to health and illness

9 - Psychological aspects of hospitalisation

10 - Admission. Reception. Discharge procedures. See WY110 for nursing aspects of patient discharge. WX360 for documentation and medical records

12 - Organisation of the patient's day. See WX520 for administration of clinic waiting times

14 - Patients' property

15 - Clothing

20 - Environmental factors for patients, for example, noise, privacy, mixed wards etc.

30 - Visiting of patients in hospital

40 - Spiritual care. Work of the hospital chaplain

50 - Recreation, education and amenities for patients. Education is for continuation of the formal educational process in hospital. See W600-650 for education of patients in health matters

55 - Patient safety. Accidents to patients in hospital. Human factors. See WA229 for malpractice

60 - Violent patients. See WM38 for psychiatric patients

70 - Patient and public participation. Patient and public involvement (PPI). Compliance, satisfaction, professional-patient relations. Include public participation and consultation in health planning and research. Include patient drop-outs, non-compliance and non-attendance.

For advance decisions relating to resuscitation, living wills etc use WA260. For mental competence use WLM33. For consent to treatment, including involvement in decisions on treatment use WA77. For self-help groups see W650. For physician-patient relations see WA270; for nurse-patient relations see WY150; for dentist-patient relations see WU61. See WM65 for this concept in mentally ill people

75 - Patient rights. Include general guides to NHS for consumers and patients. Patients Charter, PALS. See WX365 for access to medical records

77 - Consent to treatment. Informed consent. Include parental consent for treatment of children. Involvement of patients in decisions relating to their treatment. Include treatment refusal. For living wills, advance decisions related to resuscitation etc use WA260. Use WM33 for committal or “sectioning” of the mentally ill

80 - Patient advocacy. Include legal guardianship. See WM65 for mental illness; WM835 for learning disability. HV118 for social work

82 - Patient choice. Consumer/client choice. Include the ‘informed patient’, the ‘expert patient’. Patient-centred diagnosis. For self-help groups see W650

83 - Medical tourism. Health tourism

84 - Complaints. Complaints procedures

85 - Parliamentary and Health Services Ombudsman. Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman. Work and reports

Health and Health problems of specific groups Classify works on specific diseases with the specialty

90 - Ethnic groups. Include communication with non English speaking patients

92 - Religious groups, for example, Jehovah's Witnesses

93 - People experiencing homelessness and ill-housing. See HV910 for social aspects of homelessness

94 - Gypsy, Roma and Traveller people. See HM222 for sociological aspects

96 - Immigrants. Refugees. Asylum seekers. Internally displaced persons. Migrant workers

97 - Health of prisoners. See HM530-90 for sociological aspects of prisoners and penology. See WA288 for prison doctors. See WY274 for prison nursing. See WM31 for prison psychiatry

99 - Men’s health. For health promotion campaigns see W560. Classify diseases only suffered by men with the disease, for example, testicular cancer at WJ858

Primary and Community care Community care

100 - Community care. Community Health Services. Use for works that deal with both health and social services. See HV for social services only

101 - Community care and community health services legislation

102 - Community care plans

103 - Multi-professional working between health and social care only. See HV120 for multi-professional working within social services only. Do not use for other aspects of multi-professional working; see relevant profession; WA150 for the primary care team or WA460 for general multi-professional teams

105 - Community hospitals. GP beds in hospitals

108 - Family practitioner committees. FHSAs

Primary Health Care. General Practice Classify works on Primary Care Trusts and Primary Care Groups in WX116 and NHS England and Clinical Commissioning Groups at WX145

111 - History. Include history of primary care and general practice

113 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias

120 - Research in Primary Care and General Practice. Research design. Include research to support evidence-based practice, including works for general practitioners

125 - Legislation in primary care

126 - NHS Walk-in Centres. NHS Direct. Emergency hotlines

127 - Health services. Health centres. Group practices. Surgeries. Clinics

128 - Service planning. List size. Health needs assessment in primary care. See WA140 for duty rotas; WA 142 for locum and agency work. See WX140 for general works on health needs assessment

129 - Design and use of primary care facilities

130 - Management and administration. Practice management. General works

131 - Clinical governance. Quality assurance. Audit in primary care. See WA155 for audit in general practice, WA217 for other medical audit, WX176 for clinical audit

132 - Financial aspects in primary care. Include GP remuneration and contracts. Practice budgets. Capitation fees. GP fund-holding. See WX145 for Clinical Commissioning Groups

133 - Personnel management in primary care

134 - Practice administrators. Receptionists. Secretaries

135 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology in primary care

136 - Medical records in primary care. Include age sex registers. Include use of patient data for research

138 - Appointment systems in primary care. Include non-attenders. See WX212 for general works; see WX520 for outpatient departments; see WA70 for non-attenders in general

140 - Duty rotas. Include unsocial hours, night calls, out of hours services, etc. See WA241 for conditions of service in general medicine

142 - Locum and agency work in primary care

150 - Primary health care. The primary health care team. Include skill mix, multidisciplinary teams, shared care, etc. See WA103 for multi-professional working with social care. See also specific profession and WA460 for general multi-professional teams

151 - General multidisciplinary works aimed at the primary health care team as a whole, for example, ‘Textbook of Primary Care’, but prefer to classify with subject where possible. See WB75 for popular medical works

General Practitioners 152 - General practice. General practitioners. See WB100 for clinical medicine, diagnosis and therapeutics in general. See WA130-142 for administrative and financial aspects, including GP contract. Classify works on specific diseases with the specialty. See HV128 for general practice social work. Use HV112 for counselling in general practice

154 - Education and training. Include MRCGP and multiple choice papers

155 - Continuing Professional Development (CPD). Include GP audit, for example, Significant Event Audit (SEA). Include appraisal of GPs. For primary care audit see WA131

156 - GP patient relations. Consultation. Communication skills. See WA270 for doctor-patient relationships in general

158 - Referral. Liaison with hospitals

160 - GP liaison with other bodies, for example, social services departments

Nursing in Community and Primary Care 161 - Primary health nursing. General works. Include nurse practitioners in primary health care

162 - GP Practice nursing. Do not use for works on nurse practitioners, use WY240.

164 - Community nursing. District nursing. Include public health nursing

166 - Education and training

168 - Health visitor. Health visiting

170 - Education and training

180 - Other community nursing services. Continuity of patient care. Include liaison nursing. After care. Hospital at home. Community rehabilitation services

Informal carers 190 - Informal care and carers. Relatives. Child carers etc. See WY118 for Orem's self-care model of nursing. Classify specific group with its group for example WB690 for physical disability, WT180 for elderly. See also WB327 for self care; see WB340 for self-administration of drugs

Medicine as a Profession 200 - Medicine as a profession. General works. See WB for the practice of medicine. See W250-70 for medical sociology

201 - Interviewing techniques for the medical profession in their careers (candidate perspective). For works on interviewing in the NHS from the interviewer’s perspective see WX420; for works on employment interviews in general (not in the NHS) see HM225

202 - Careers in medicine. Classify with the specialty where possible

203 - Careers in medicine outside the UK

205 - Medical manpower planning. Include locums in hospitals. See WX400-480 for workforce in general. See WX162 for strategic workforce planning in the NHS and WY64 for nursing workforce. Use WA142 for locums in primary care

206 - Medical education. General works only. Classify with a specialty where possible. Classify educational materials for teaching and study of general medicine (for example, MRCP) in WB18

208 - Undergraduate education. Include premedical education i.e. courses undertaken in order to enter a medical degree course

210 - Medical schools. University Departments

212 - Postgraduate education

214 - Postgraduate institutes. Postgraduate teaching hospitals

216 - Postgraduate medical centres. Include design and administration. See WX549 for multidisciplinary education centres

217 - Continuing Professional Development (CPD). In-service training. Include medical audit. Include appraisal See WA155 for CPD and appraisal in general practice; WA227 for professional competence; WX176 for clinical audit. WX131 for audit in primary care - classify audit of a specialty with the specialty

218 - Legislation on medical practice only. See WA300 for forensic medicine

220 - Discussion of laws on medical practice

222 - Moderation of the profession. Registration and deregistration. General Medical Council

225 - Registers. Directories, for example, Medical Register

227 - Liability and responsibility. Include the Medical Defence Union. Include professional competence and official enquiries into adverse incidents arising from the incompetence of individual doctors. Incompetence is a lack of the necessary skill, ability or qualifications to carry out a duty or procedure. For GP appraisal use WA217. See WM34 for adverse incidents in mental health

228 - Physician impairment. Medical fitness to practice. For works on illness, disability or addiction etc in physicians

229 - Malpractice. Negligence in the medical profession. Malpractice is improper, careless, illegal or unethical practice. See WX180 for whistle-blowing and WA227 for incompetence

230 - Associations, for example, British Medical Association

233 - Physician associates

235 - Resident doctors. Registrars. Approval of training posts. Rotations. Accreditation

237 - Senior doctors and consultants

239 - Management functions of hospital doctors. Non clinical work of doctors. Role as clinical director. Classify clinical directorates at WX135

241 - Recruitment and selection of medical staff. Conditions of service. Income. Hours of work. Pensions. See WX420 for personnel recruitment and selection in general; WY68 for recruitment and selection of nurses. See WA140-142 for hours of work in general practice

242 - Special payments, for example, merit awards, perquisites

Medical Ethics and Philosophy 245 - Medical philosophy

247 - Medical humanities

250 - Religion and medicine. See WA92 for patients from particular religious groups

255 - Medical ethics. General works. Classify with the subject where possible, for example, embryo research at QS690

260 - Assisted dying. Euthanasia. Passive euthanasia. Right to die. Advance directives. Living wills. Resuscitation orders. Withholding treatment. See WD456 and WO595 for resuscitation methods. See WD190 for enteral, parenteral and tube feeding

Professional Relationships of Doctors 265 - Professional relationships. Include doctor doctor relationships and doctor other professional relationships. Put Local Medical Committees at WX116. See WA400-50 for other aspects of multi-professional teams

270 - Doctor patient relationships. Include works on communication skills for doctors. See WA156 for GP-patient relationships

275 - Social relations of the doctor. Include family relations, doctors’ wives etc.

Special Categories of Doctors 284 - Military doctors. See also WB105 for military medicine

288 - Prison doctors. See also WA97 for health of prisoners. See HM530 for sociological works on prisoners. See WY274 for prison nursing. See WM31 for prison psychiatry

292 - International doctors in the UK. International medical graduates. Clinical attachments

Forensic Sciences The branches of science and medicine concerned with the production of evidence in order to determine the cause of a death, the identity of a criminal etc. (Chambers Concise Dictionary)

300 - Forensic medicine. General works. See WA220 for discussion of laws. See WM700-70 for forensic psychiatry

301 - Societies in forensic sciences

302 - Medico legal dentistry. Forensic dentistry

310 - Medical testimony. Expert testimony

311 - History of forensic sciences

313 - Dictionaries and encyclopaedias in forensic sciences

315 - Coroners Courts. Duties of coroners

318 - Education in forensic sciences

320 - Medico legal examination. Forensic pathology. Include examination of evidential material and environment. Include examination of living suspects and victims. See WN270 for forensic radiography

325 - Legal establishment of death. Time of death. For legal establishment of beginning of life see HQ170

328 - Determination of cause of death. Sudden death. Medico-legal autopsy. See WS822 for sudden infant death; see QZ35 for post-mortems

350 - Other forensic sciences. Include here works on forensic chemistry, forensic anthropology, forensic toxicology, forensic genetics

Disability Evaluation. Compensation 355 - Medico-legal aspects of compensation to victims of criminal violence. See HM426 for general works on compensation for victims

370 - Medico-legal aspects of occupational disease and injury. See W370 for general works on occupational accidents; see W380 for general works on compensation for occupational disease

Multi-professional Relationships 400 - General works on multi-professional relations. Include works on more than 2 professions at once. See also specific numbers for doctors’ relationships WA265-75; nurse-patient relations WY150; dentist-patient relations WU61

420 - Multi-professional undergraduate education. Works on education of different health professionals in the same group

440 - Multi-professional postgraduate education

450 - Continuing professional education of different health professions in the same group

460 - Multi-professional and team working. General works. See WA103 for the health and social care team; WA150 for the primary care team and specific specialties for team working in the specialty

WB - Practice of Medicine

Practice of Medicine 1 - Societies

11 - History of the practice of medicine. Classify general works on history of medicine at WZ40

13 - Dictionaries. Encyclopaedias. Bibliographies. Use for general works only. Classify with specific aspect where possible

15 - Classification of disease. Medical terminology. Include dictionaries of medical acronyms and abbreviations

18 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study. General exam texts. If preferred exam texts can be further subdivided as follows. Default to exam type first so Cases for PACES would go under PACE not cases

18.1 - Undergraduate exams - general

18.11 - Undergraduate exams - basic sciences

18.12 - Undergraduate exams - Clinical specialties including surgery

18.13 - Undergraduate exams - Cases

18.14 - Undergraduate exams - OSCEs

18.15 - Undergraduate exams - Memory and learning guides

18.16 - Undergraduate exams - Finals

18.2 - SJT (Situational Judgement Test)

18.3 - MRCP

18.31 - MRCP Part 1

18.32 - MRCP Part 2

18.33 - MRCP PACES

18.4 - PLAB (Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board)

18.5 - PANCE, PANRE, PA (Physician Associate and Physician Assistant)

18.6 - PSA (Prescribing Safety Assessment)

18.7 - USMLE/USML United States Medical Licensing Examination

20 - Medical / health research. Evidence based practice. General works. Include general works on evidence-based practice, evidence-based health care, and evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal. Classify with the subject where possible, for example, health services research at WX20; nursing research at WY20. See Q20 for research in general; WB25 for research methodology and design

21 - Internal medicine and medical research as a profession. Careers. Classify medicine as a profession at WA200-203

22 - Ethics in medical / health research

23 - Research institutes

24 - History of medical / health research

25 - Research methodology. Specific methodological techniques

35 - Medical equipment and supplies

36 - Use of computers, IT and telecommunications technology, for example, telemedicine, e-health initiatives. See WX20 for managerial/financial aspects of health technology assessment. Classify specific applications with the specialty concerned

39 - Handbooks and resource guides in internal medicine

Traditional Medicine 55 - Traditional medicine. General works covering all forms and those not specified below. Classify traditional pharmaceutical substances at QV452. Classify herbal remedies at QV466

56 - African traditional medicine. Classify African traditional pharmaceutical substances at QV452. African herbal remedies at QV466

57 - Arabic medicine

58 - Ayurvedic medicine

59 - Chinese traditional medicine. Classify Chinese traditional pharmaceutical substances at QV452. Chinese herbal remedies at QV466

60 - East Asian traditional medicine

61 - Kampo medicine, traditional medicine based on Chinese but practiced in Japan

62 - Korean traditional medicine

63 - Tibetan traditional medicine

64 - Unani medicine, practiced in India and Pakistan as a form of herbal medicine

66 - South East Asian traditional medicine

General Works 75 - Popular medical works. Include works covering general health and medical issues, for example, Encyclopaedia of Family Health’

100 - Medicine. Diseases. General works. Use for description of disease and medical practice in general. Include clinical medicine for general practitioners. See WA200-242 for medicine as a career. See WD421 for emergency medicine. See WY100 for nursing care. Classify works on diagnosis only in WB141

101 - Outpatient care. Ambulatory care. See WA127 for ambulatory care facilities. Use HQ176 for abortion clinics; HQ158 for family planning clinics; WO67 for outpatient surgical procedures; WX520 for hospital outpatient clinics; WA4 for outpatients as a category of patients

105 - Military medicine. See WM110 for military psychiatry; WX800-825 for military health services; WN670 for medical aspects of nuclear war

107 - Wilderness medicine

110 - Practical procedures in medicine. General works

Diagnosis 141 - Diagnosis. Diagnostic tests. General works and those not mentioned below. Include differential diagnosis; early diagnosis. See QY23 for laboratory techniques. See W270 for health status

142 - Prognosis

143 - Signs and symptoms. Include cachexia. See QS4 for surface anatomy; WL800-38 for pain; WL734 for syncope; WL732 for coma. See also QZ140-90 for general manifestations of disease

150 - Medical history taking and assessment. See WA156 for the GP consultation

200 - Physical examination. General works and those techniques not specified below. See WY110 for nursing aspects

205 - Techniques of physical examination

240 - Biopsy. Use for methodology of biopsy. See QY for analytical aspects

250 - Catheterisation. General works. Classify with the disease or part of the body where possible

260 - Endoscopy. General works. Classify with the disease or part of the body where possible

270 - Body temperature

280 - Blood pressure

282 - Pulse

284 - Respiration. Lung volume measurements

286 - Body weights and measures. Include body mass index. See WD110 for obesity and WD292 metabolic obesity

290 - Venepuncture. Phlebotomy. See QY400-450 for blood tests

295 - Monitoring. Clinical measurement. General works. Classify with the disease where possible

Therpeutics 300 - Therapeutics. General works. Symptom control. Include eligibility criteria. For palliative care use WT640. For aftercare see WA180

305 - Instructions or non-drug prescriptions for devices or therapy. Classify specific devices or therapies by subject for example, “prescriptions” for gym membership; prescriptions for braces, wheelchairs etc.

310 - Precision medicine. Personalised medicine

327 - Self care in the sense of providing care normally performed by professional health care providers. See QT200 for self care in the sense of maintaining and enhancing health; see WB340 for self administration of drugs; see WA190 for informal carers

330 - Drug therapy. Include general works on drug resistance, for particular drugs classify with the drug at QV. Include drug monitoring and placebos. See QV for pharmacological aspects. See QV480 for management of medicines on the ward or in the primary care environment as well as in the pharmacy

340 - Administration of drugs. Include self administration. Do not use for administrative aspects in the sense of organisation and administration. See also WB327 for self care other than through drug medication

342 - Inhalation and intranasal modes of drug administration

344 - Rectal drug administration

350 - Oral and enteral drug administration

354 - Injections and infusions. Intravenous drug therapy

356 - Blood transfusion. Include haemodilution

360 - Blood bank procedures. Blood donation

365 - Various other therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Include historical therapies for example, Cupping, counter-irritation, phlebotomy (in the sense of bloodletting), trepanning

370 - Plasmapheresis as a therapeutic technique

377 - Punctures, spinal, cisternal and ventricular. See QY210 for clinical pathology of puncture fluids

380 - Health resorts. Include sanatoria. Include balneology and thalassotherapy (bathing in sea water). See WB520 for hydrotherapy (use of the temperature and motion of natural water)

390 - Climatotherapy. Therapy by finding a better climate for health

Intensive care 400 - Intensive therapy. Intensive care. Critical care. General works. See WG225 for cardiac care units; WS816 for intensive care baby units (ICBUs) and special care baby units (SCBUs). See WO500-755 for anaesthesia and anaesthetists

418 - Education and training. Include educational materials for both teaching and study

410 - Services. Units. Staffing in intensive therapy. Rapid response team

420 - Equipment. Environment in intensive therapy

430 - Critical care nursing. Intensive care nursing. Care of the critically ill patient

Rehabilitation Classify with the specific disorder, region or client group where possible for example, WS418 for physiotherapy with children

450 - Rehabilitation. Physical and rehabilitation medicine. General works and those not specified below

455 - Rehabilitation nursing

Allied Therapeutic Professions Physiotherapy

460 - Physiotherapy. General works. Classify with the specific region or disease where possible

464 - Physiotherapy as a profession. Include education and training; physiotherapy assistants

467 - Services. Staffing levels. Standards, quality, audit. Include community physiotherapy services

469 - Heat therapy. Use for heat applied to injuries, strains etc. See WT144 for heat as therapy for hypothermia in the aged. See WB510 for diathermy in physiotherapy

473 - Cryotherapy. Therapeutic use of cold

480 - Phototherapy. Ultraviolet therapy. Use of sunlight. Lasers in physiotherapy. See WN478 for science

495 - Electrotherapy. Electric stimulation therapy

510 - Diathermy in physiotherapy

515 - Ultrasonic therapy (ultrasound diathermy) in physiotherapy

520 - Hydrotherapy. Use for therapy with natural water only. Include whirlpool baths. See WB380 for balneology (use of mineral and spa waters) and thalassotherapy (sea bathing)

537 - Massage

541 - Exercise therapy. Remedial gymnastics. See QT255 for physical education

543 - Alexander technique. See WQ185 for Alexander technique in childbirth

545 - Musculoskeletal manipulations. General works or not included below. See WE175-90 for osteopathy

Occupational Therapy 550 - Occupational therapy. General works

552 - Occupational therapy as a profession. Include education and training

555 - Services. Staffing levels. Standards, quality, audit

560 - Arts therapy. The use of the arts and culture in general in the therapeutic environment. Include work with the physically disabled. See W592 for arts in health and wellbeing outside the therapeutic context. See WB590 for other specific arts and leisure therapies not mentioned below

563 - Art therapy. The use of visual and plastic arts (for example, painting, drawing, modelling, sculpture) in the therapeutic environment. See WM880 for work with the learning disabled; WS780 for children; WM610 for mental health settings; W592 for arts in health and wellbeing outside the therapeutic context
565 - Music therapy. The use of music in the therapeutic environment. Include work with the physically disabled. See WM880 for work with the learning disabled; WM620 for mental health settings; and WS780 for children

Speech and Language Therapies 570 - Speech therapy. General works and aspects not covered below. Classify with specific disability where possible. See WL750-758 for neurological aspects; WS725/780 for children

575 - Speech therapy as a profession. Include education and training

580 - Aids and communication systems for the speech impaired. General works for speech therapists only. See also WV, WM and WL

585 - Language therapy

Other Artistic and Leisure Therapies 590 - Other artistic and leisure therapies including drama, creative writing etc. See WM600-660 for use in mental health settings; see QT250-265 for health aspects of leisure activities and sports

Physical Disability and Chronic Disease Classify with the specific disability or illness where possible. Classify here works covering both health and social services. Classify here general works covering both physical and learning disabilities

600 - Physically disabled and chronically ill. General works

602 - Directories. Guides for the physically disabled and chronically ill

604 - Information and advisory service. Advocacy. Legal services

605 - Legislation relating to disability and chronic illness

608 - Biographical accounts and popular works. Include historical accounts of institutions, etc

610 - Surveys. Assessment of need Registers. Case management

612 - Medical aspects. Illness in disabled persons. Include hospital care. Medical complications for the chronically sick should go in WB600. Works on particular disabilities or illnesses should go with the problem for example, multiple sclerosis in WL365-8

613 - Care services for the physically disabled and chronically ill. Long-term care services. Include all forms of professional care. Include education and training of professional carers

615 - Rehabilitation for physical disabilities and chronic illness

618 - Education and training for the physically disabled and chronically ill

620 - Independent living for the physically disabled

621 - Attitudes to disabled persons. Include abuse and discrimination

622 - Environmental aspects, for example, access to buildings

625 - Psychological and spiritual aspects

628 - Social or economic aspects. Include employment

630 - Personal relationships. Include sexual aspects

Welfare Services for the Physically Disabled and Chronically Ill 635 - Social welfare and social work for the physically disabled and chronically ill. General works and those not specified below. Include counselling. Works on the learning disabled go at WM875-93

640 - Financial services. Social security. Disability pensions.

650 - Aids. Equipment. Clothing. Include general works on assistive technology for the physically disabled. See WE122-138 for medical aspects of prostheses

660 - Professional home help services. Include meal provision

675 - Transport and mobility

680 - Residential care. Accommodation

685 - Day care. Day centres

690 - Home care by the family. Informal support. Include problems for the family. See WA190 for informal care and carers generally; WT180 for care by the family in old age. Use WB660 for home care helpers and other professional or trained assistance in the home

695 - Recreation, leisure and sports facilities. Include holiday schemes, etc. See Z260 for library services to the housebound

Complementary Medicine 800 - Complementary medicine. General works and those not mentioned below. See WE590-596 for chiropractic; WE175-190 for osteopathy

810 - Integrative medicine combining complementary and mainstream medicine

825 - Holistic medicine. Mind-body therapies

830 - Homeopathy

840 - Herbal therapy. Phytotherapy. Use of medicinal plants. See Traditional Medicine WB55-64 for use of herbs in that sector; see QV452 for pharmacological aspects

845 - Aromatherapy

850 - Acupuncture. General works. Include moxibustion. See WL834 for use in pain management and WO700 for use in anaesthesia

852 - Acupressure. Include Shiatzu

855 - Faith healing. Use for Christian faith only. Other religions’ faith healing should go with the appropriate traditional section

860 - Reflexology

865 - Naturopathy

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